蒜种贮藏温度和空气湿度对大蒜生理及二次生长的影响

贮藏期间蒜种呼吸增强,乙烯含量降低,低温贮藏促进这些变化;随空气湿度增大,蒜种呼吸及含水量有增加趋势。鳞茎形成过程中鳞茎中游离氨基酸减少,蔗糖和果糖增加,低温贮藏蒜种加快了这一进程。贮藏温度效应大于湿度效应,低温(5℃)和高湿(75％或100％RH)贮藏蒜种对初级生长及二次生长促进最显著。贮藏温度越低,外层型二次生长(SGo)越严重;内层型二次生长(SGi)与蒜种贮藏温度呈‘V’型曲线关系。低温下,高湿贮藏蒜种较低湿(25％或50％RH)贮藏蒜种SGo及SGi均极显著增加。     

不同种植年限蔬菜大棚土壤次生盐渍化发生机理的研究

对不同种植年限的蔬菜大棚、露天菜地和一般农田土壤耕层可溶性盐分进行了分析测定。结果表明:大棚菜地土壤盐分含量0．48-1．15 g／kg,平均为1．06 g／kg,比相邻农田增加253．3％,表明大棚菜地土壤有盐渍化,随着大棚使用年限的延长土壤盐分含量增加。且主要是Cl-、NO3-含量增加。     

Root zone selenium reduces cadmium toxicity by modulating tissue-specific growth and metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.)

The effects of selenium (Se) cadmium (Cd) interactions on plant growth and metabolism are not fully clear. In the present study, we assessed whether Se could alleviate the toxic effects of Cd on growth and metabolism of maize. Seeds of maize variety FH-985 were sown in pots filled with sand treated with CdCl₂ (0, 50 and 100 µM) and Se (0, 2 and 4 mg L^?1) through Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Low Se (2 mg L^?1) increased germination percentage and rate, while high Se (4 mg L^?1) increased fresh and dry biomass under Cd stress. Interestingly, all Se concentrations were effective in alleviating the toxic effects of Cd on photosynthetic pigments, whereas higher Se mitigated the Cd-induced oxidative stress and increased flavonoids both in the shoots and roots while phenolics in the roots. The results demonstrated that root zone Se altered tissue-specific primary metabolism in maize. Furthermore, low Se mitigated the Cd-induced decrease in total proteins in the root. Overall, Se-mediated decrease in the oxidative stress in the shoots while increase of secondary metabolites in the roots helped the plants to grow faster at early growth stage and caused increase in the biomass under different Cd regimes.     

玉米秸秆循环流化床气化炉气化工艺参数优化

为实现秸秆类农业生物质废弃物的高效清洁能源化转化利用,采用带有二级返料系统的循环流化床气化炉对玉米秸秆进行了气化试验。在二级返料系统开启及闭合条件下,选取空气当量比为0.20～0.35,研究空气当量比对玉米秸秆气化特性的影响,结果表明二级返料系统开启及闭合两种工况均在空气当量比为0.26时取得较优值,二级返料系统开启时具有较好的气化效果,碳转化率与气化效率最大值分别达到93.54%与77.06%。在二级返料系统开启状态下,试验研究了水蒸气配比对玉米秸秆气化特性的影响,结果表明以空气为主气化介质,辅助以水蒸气气化,可以有效改善气化燃气品质,提升气化效率。当空气当量比为0.26、水蒸气配比为0.2时,玉米秸秆空气—水蒸气气化具有较好的气化特性,燃气热值与气化效率分别达到最大值5.89MJ/m3与81.45%。典型工况条件下的焦油蒸馏馏分分析结果表明,提高气化炉反应温度,并保持一定的水蒸气气化环境,可促进焦油裂解转化。试验可为秸秆类生物质的高效清洁转化利用提供参考依据。     

2种抗光肩星天牛杨树树皮和木质部生化物质分析

以新疆杨和沙林杨为对象,检测其在未受害和受害状态下树皮和木质部的生化物质含量或活性,从生化角度探讨2树种的抗虫机制。结果表明,未受害新疆杨树皮糖含量最高,受害沙林杨木质部糖含量最低;蛋白含量在受害新疆杨木质部最高,在未受害沙林杨木质部最低。在未受害情况下,沙林杨树皮中槲皮苷和白杨甙含量均高于在新疆杨树皮中的含量,而亚麻木酚素和类黄酮含量均低于在新疆杨树皮中的含量;沙林杨木质部的总酚含量高于在新疆杨木质部的含量。受害后,除单宁和类黄酮外,其他次生代谢物在沙林杨树皮中的含量均显著低于新疆杨树皮中的含量;沙林杨木质部的毛蕊花糖苷含量显著高于新疆杨木质部,白杨甙和总酚苷则相反。防御酶类测定结果显示,未受害沙林杨树皮中的SOD酶活性低于新疆杨中的活性,而PPO酶相反。受害后,沙林杨树皮中的PAL和木质部的PPO酶活性分别显著低于在新疆杨树皮和木质部中的活性;沙林杨树皮中的SOD活性显著低于其在木质部的活性;POD酶在沙林杨受害树皮中的活性最高,在受害木质部中的活性也显著高于在未受害木质部中的活性。因此,沙林杨树皮和木质部中的POD和SOD酶与防御天牛危害有关,新疆杨受害木质部中的PAL和PPO酶升高与光肩星天牛的钻蛀有关。     

东北温带次生林和落叶松人工林土壤CH4吸收和N2O排放通量

2007年6月-2008年6月,在帽儿山用静态箱/气相色谱法测定了相邻次生林和落叶松人工林土壤CH₄和N₂O通量,结果表明:次生林转变为落叶松人工林后土壤年CH₄吸收和年N₂O排放通量均显著增加,分别为次生林的1.2倍和3.6倍。两林分CH₄和N₂O通量表现相似的季节动态,生长季土壤CH₄吸收通量和N₂O排放通量均高于非生长季。次生林和落叶松人工林土壤CH₄吸收通量与土壤温度均呈正相关关系,而与土壤含水量呈负相关关系。土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度和土壤铵态氮含量均呈正相关关系,而与土壤含水量没有明显相关性。次生林转变为落叶松人工林后,落叶松林地较厚的凋落物层改变了林地土壤水分的格局,影响了土壤的CH₄和N₂O通量。     

Metabolomics Tools Assisting Classic Screening Methods in Discovering New Antibiotics from Mangrove Actinomycetia in Leizhou Peninsula

Mangrove actinomycetia are considered one of the promising sources for discovering novel biologically active compounds. Traditional bioactivity- and/or taxonomy-based methods are inefficient and usually result in the re-discovery of known metabolites. Thus, improving selection efficiency among strain candidates is of interest especially in the early stage of the antibiotic discovery program. In this study, an integrated strategy of combining phylogenetic data and bioactivity tests with a metabolomics-based dereplication approach was applied to fast track the selection process. A total of 521 actinomycetial strains affiliated to 40 genera in 23 families were isolated from 13 different mangrove soil samples by the culture-dependent method. A total of 179 strains affiliated to 40 different genera with a unique colony morphology were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity against 12 indicator bacteria. Of the 179 tested isolates, 47 showed activities against at least one of the tested pathogens. Analysis of 23 out of 47 active isolates using UPLC-HRMS-PCA revealed six outliers. Further analysis using the OPLS-DA model identified five compounds from two outliers contributing to the bioactivity against drug-sensitive A. baumannii. Molecular networking was used to determine the relationship of significant metabolites in six outliers and to find their potentially new congeners. Finally, two Streptomyces strains (M22, H37) producing potentially new compounds were rapidly prioritized on the basis of their distinct chemistry profiles, dereplication results, and antibacterial activities, as well as taxonomical information. Two new trioxacarcins with keto-reduced trioxacarcinose B, gutingimycin B (16) and trioxacarcin G (20), together with known gutingimycin (12), were isolated from the scale-up fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. M22. Our study demonstrated that metabolomics tools could greatly assist classic antibiotic discovery methods in strain prioritization to improve efficiency in discovering novel antibiotics from those highly productive and rich diversity ecosystems.     

望天树林次生演替趋势初探

针对云南省原始望天树林遭受不同程度毁坏的状况，以轮耕撂荒后，人为影响少，自然恢复起来的望天树次生林作为研究对象，从不同坡向（阳、阴坡）及时间系列的角度分析了望天树次生林树种种类的更替以及层次结构的变化趋势，以此研究望天树林的演替过程，为保护和恢复望天树林提供依据。     

河北典型天然次生林灌木群落结构特征研究

基于河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局域内2hm2典型天然次生林植被群落调查,探讨次生林下灌木群落结构特征,研究显示:1)研究区29种灌木分属于15科22属,包含灌丛12 878丛、灌木20 861株,以毛榛(Cory-lus mandshurica)、五角枫(Acer mono)幼苗、锦带花(Weigela florida)为该群落优势种;2)80%以上的灌木基径过1cm,尤以青杄(Picea wilsonii)和华北落叶松(Larixprincipis-rupprechtii)幼苗的平均基径最大;3)以2m高度为界限可将灌木划为两层,上层灌木基径和冠幅明显优于下层灌木;4)从空间分布角度而言,不同灌木种群在频度、相对显著度和相对多度等方面表现出一定的空间异质性。     

修剪对二次结实板栗生长发育的影响

就不同修剪强度对二次结实板栗生长发育的影响作了试验研究,结果表明对于板栗结果母枝的修剪以1/3、1/4和1/2修剪强度能极显著减少雄花数量,1/4和去顶处理具增加雌花数量效应,1/3、1/4和去顶处理均具一定的抑制新梢伸长生长和促进枝粗生长作用,1/4修剪强度和去顶处理具增加第一次结蓬数量效应,1/2修剪处理则使二次结实板栗结蓬数量大大降低,此外,随修剪强度的增加其第二次结蓬数也增加,至1/3修剪强度时达到峰值.