黑龙江省主要生态环境问题及成因分析

论述了黑龙江省生态环境中存在的主要问题，即由人为活动引起的水土流失、森林资源减少、草馒质量下降及土壤退化和沙化等。从自然因素和人为因素两个方面分析了黑龙江省生态环境退化的成因，并对黑龙江省生态保护工作要点进行了探讨。     

基因型和环境对糯稻品质性状的影响

对连续３年种植在湖南５个稻作区的品质水平不同的６个糯稻基因型进行了米质测定和统计分析，结果表明：（１）基因型（Ｇ）×年份（Ｙ）×地点（Ｌ）二级互作在分析的所有品质性状中极显著存在；Ｇ×Ｙ互作及Ｇ主效在大多数品质性状中极显著或显著存在，但Ｇ×Ｌ互作及Ｌ主效仅在少数性状中显著存在，（２）各性状的表型变异主要由基因型方差及互作方差组成，且性状间表现不尽一致．（３）广义遗传力及遗传变异以碱解值、精米长／宽比值和直链淀粉含量最大，胶稠度最小．认为对于糯稻品质性状的改良，除胶稠度外，对大多数性状的选择都有较好的效果，但应充分注意Ｇ×Ｅ互作的影响．     

农业节水投资与效益分析方法初探

根据农业节水投资与效益分析现状及存在的主要问题分析基础上 ,研究提出了农业节水投资估算的成本法、统计分析法、直接估算法 ,对投资估算方法的应用进行了评价 ,分析介绍了我国农业节水规划目标、农业节水规划措施及规模及节水规划投资估算 ,此外从定性 (从社会和环境效益 )和定量 (经济效益 ) 2大方面研究了节水的效益及计算     

季节对美系杜洛克母猪胴体和肉质性能的影响

本试验测定了不同季节对美系杜洛克的胴体和肉质参数的影响。结果提示:季节对美系杜洛克猪的胴体品质无显著影响。在肉质参数中,秋冬季猪肉的红度(6.47±0.73)显著低于春夏季(8.78±0.85),贮存损失(3.26±0.88)也显著低于春夏季(5.63±0.64)。     

小麦磷效率相关性状配合力与环境互作分析

为了研究小麦磷效率相关性状的配合力与环境互作,随机选用8个亲本,组配成28个双列杂 交组合在两种环境条件下进行试验。结果表明,所有4个性状的一般配合力与环境互作和特殊配合 力与环境互作均达极显著水平;子粒全磷含量以环境效应的作用最大,非加性效应与环境互作次之; 叶片和茎秆磷含量以及磷素利用效率以非加性效应与环境互作为主,非加性效应次之;除子粒全磷 含量外,其它3个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力稳定性都较低,在50％以下。最后讨论了配合力的 测度和不同器官磷含量与磷素利用效率的关系。     

含支链氨基酸饮料对高温环境下小鼠体能恢复的影响

合支链氨基酸饮料是一种体能型特需饮料，能迅速恢复高温条件下机体体能的损失。本研究以BALB／C近交系小鼠作为实验动物模型，人工模拟30℃的高温条件，将小鼠间断地暴露于高温中，在高温处理期间，给小鼠分别喂饮含支链氨基酸饮料和雪碧对照饮料，然后进行体能各项指标的测定。结果表明：饮用含支链氨基酸饮料组小鼠体质量增加显著，运动能力增强，运动后血糖含量高，血乳酸含量低，同时其耐热、抗疲劳、耐缺氧能力显著增强。     

冷季型草坪草在环渤海旱碱区的适应性评价

针对环渤海低平原区较复杂的环境条件、恶劣的立地条件及目前草坪建植中存在的引种盲目、失败率高、寿命短等问题，通过对引进的4个草种37个品种的生育期、抗逆性、坪用价值等进行综合评价，结果表明：高羊茅为最适合的草种，草地早熟禾较适合，多年生黑麦草不适宜单播，可和高羊茅以适当的比例混播，紫羊茅不适宜在该区种植。筛选出最优良的高羊茅品种为皇后、贝克，草地早熟禾为亨特、普通、兰神、奖品。     

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Analysis of Season Effects and Age Effects for Semen Traits in Landrace Boars

The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of semen traits of Landrace boars in South China and to analyze the influence of the age and season of semen collection on semen traits, so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating reasonable boar breeding program. The Asreml-R was used to analyze the 107 221 semen data of 1 605 Landrace boars from 2 AI stations in Southern China, the single-trait repeatability animal model was used to estimate the variance components, heritability and repeatability of each semen traits, two-trait repeatability animal model was used to estimate genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation of semen volume, semen density, sperm motility and percentage of abnormal sperm. The general linear model of R language program was used to analyze the influence of age and season of semen collection on semen traits. The results showed that the semen volume and percentage of abnormal sperm had medium heritability (0.23 and 0.38), and the variation coefficient of percentage of abnormal sperm was 85.42%, while the other traits had low heritability (0.07-0.19). Semen volume-semen density and sperm motility-percentage of abnormal sperm had extremely significantly negative genetic correlation(-0.77 and -0.90, respectively). Semen density-sperm motility showed extremely significantly positive genetic correlation (0.50). The influence of the age of semen collection on semen traits was significant(P<0.05). After boars reached sexual maturity, semen volume showed a significant increase, semen density and percentage of abnormal sperm showed a general decrease, and total sperm number and functional sperm number were significantly higher in the 13-18-month of age group than those in the other groups (P<0.05). The semen density was the highest in spring, and the total sperm number and functional sperm number were significantly higher in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer (P<0.05). In conclusion, the semen volume and percentage of abnormal sperm of Landrace boars can be selected as candidate traits. In the boar production management, boar whose semen production after 36 months of age decline, will be considered to update. Boar semen quality was significantly higher in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer. It is suggested that cooling work should be done in advance in Southern China in summer.     

Problems of Breeding for Improved Standing Ability in Dried Peas, Pisum sativum L.

Standing ability is a major component of combining ability and yield stability in dried peas. In performance trials during 1986–1988 commercial varieties and new breeding lines were evaluated for standing ability at one location. Standing ability was measured by visual scores, crop height and standardized crop height (crop height in percent of plant length) at several observation dates during the generative phase. Visual scoring proved to be the most suitable method for the measurement of standing ability as far as time requirement and precision are concerned.
Considerable differences between years and varieties were found for both the course of lodging during the generative phase and the standing ability shortly before harvest. Several, at least three or four measurements of standing ability should be done during the generative phase. Also highly significant variety x year interactions were observed. Heritability values estimated for different parameters of standing ability were medium to high as compared to plant length and maturity date (high) or grain yield (low).
In general, standing ability of the semi-leafless varieties proved to be much better than standing ability of the conventional ones. However, the semi-leafless plant type was not always associated with an improved standing ability.
Problems relating to the methods of measurement of standing ability, its phenotypic expression and variability are discussed.     

深圳市公园绿地暖季型草坪春夏季杂草的调查

对深圳地区暖季型草坪台湾草及假俭草春夏季草坪进行普查，发现春夏季草坪杂草共66种，分属22科55属，其中台湾草草坪杂草63种，假检草草坪杂草38种。阔叶杂草种类占全部杂草种类的79％。通过抽样、统计，分析了台湾草、假俭草草坪精细管理区、粗放管理区春夏季杂草的优势种和对草坪构成危害的主要杂草种类。结合秋季草坪杂草的调查，总结了深圳地区草坪杂草的发生规律。