稻瘟菌不同小种间可溶性蛋白及酯酶同工酶的多态性

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶泳对来自太湖稻区的１０个水稻稻瘟病菌株和２个禾本科杂草瘟菌的可溶性蛋白及酯酶同工酶进行了分析比较。结果表明：供试菌株菌体可溶性蛋白可呈现１６～２５条电泳谱带，其中在Ｒｆ值为０．２３，０．３３，０．４４的３条谱带为１２２个菌株所共有，没有发现生理小种特异性谱带。对１２个菌株α－酯酶同工酶的分析表明，在所有菌株同工酶谱带中可分辩出具有不同迁移率的１２条谱带，据此可将菌株分为８个不同的同工酶谱带类型。同时表明，α－酯酶同工酶在太湖稻区稻瘟病菌中存在丰富的多态性，但其谱带类型与病菌生理小种无相关性。     

7种小蠹虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究

检疫性小蠹虫的鉴定,因其虫体小,种间形态特征难以准确把握,给木材的检疫工作带来较大困难。当遇到幼虫时还需饲养为成虫再进行鉴定,增加了工作难度。应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对俄罗斯进境木材7种小蠹虫幼虫、成虫的酯酶同工酶进行了比较分析。结果表明7种小蠹虫幼虫酶带数目均比成虫多,酶活性也较成虫强。幼虫和成虫之间有多条迁移率接近的酶带,酶带相似性及聚类分析均证明可以将这些酶带作为种的特征性谱带。研究表明,当形态特征作为鉴定标准较难准确掌握时,可用幼虫或成虫同工酶电泳图谱来鉴定其种类。     

苜蓿抗寒性及根蘖性状的表现与过氧化物酶同工酶关系的研究

测定了根蘖型和直根型苜蓿根、茎、芽的过氧化物酶同工酶的变化。结果表明,两类根系苜蓿同工酶谱带数目的变化均与季节温度变化相一致,但根蘖型苜蓿的数值明显大于直根型苜蓿,说明前者抗寒越冬力强于后者。变温处理后,４种抗寒性不同的苜蓿品种同工酶谱带数目及活性下降的顺序是：根蘖型苜蓿＜陇东苜蓿＜晋南苜蓿＜猎人河苜蓿。根蘖型苜蓿和直根型苜蓿根组织过氧化物酶谱明显不同,说明苜蓿根组织过氧化物酶同工酶的变化可能与控制根蘖性状的基因表达相关。     

关于木兰属玉兰亚属分组问题的研究

简述了河南木兰属玉兰亚属树种资源及树种形变的特异性，探讨了该亚属的分组依据及标准，提出了合并望春玉兰组和木兰组为木兰组及成立朱砂玉兰组的依据，该依据得到了酶学和数量分类学的证实．     

Research on the heredity and variation of the peruxidase isoenzyme of needles ofpinus koraiensis

Through the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years oldpinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation ofpinus koraiensis.     

绥芬河三块鱼和珠星三块鱼种群的生化遗传变异及亲缘关系

采用淀粉凝胶电泳方法，对由日本海溯河洄游到中国境内绥芬河的三块鱼（Tribolodonbrandti）和珠星三块鱼（Tribolodon hakonensis）繁殖群体的生化遗传结构及变异进行比较研究。结果表明，在选取的12种同工酶中共检测出27个基因位点，三块鱼和珠星三块鱼的多态位点比例分别为22．22％和18．52％，平均杂合度分别为0．0670和0．0695；除了三块鱼的Gpi-1和珠星三块鱼的Est多态位点外，两种鱼的Ldh—1、α—Gpd-1、Sdh—1、Aat—1及三块鱼的Est多态位点上的基因型分布都显著地偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡，表现出杂合子明显缺失或过剩现象；三块鱼和珠星三块鱼种群间相同基因位点上的等位基因分布频率出现显著的分化，遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0．6912和0．3693。结论认为，三块鱼和珠星三块鱼的遗传多样性已达到种的差异水平。     

Protoplast Fusion in the Genus Medicago and Isoenzyme Analysis of Parental and Somatic Hybrid Cell Lines

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago arborea (2n = 32) were electrofused with cell suspension and/or callus protoplasts of Medicago sativa. Heterokaryons were identified in agarose beds by their dual fluorescein isothiocianate—chlorophyll fluorescence and their coordinates were recorded. Hybrid minicalli were manually picked up and grown first in nurse culture and then in callus induction medium. Hybrid nature of the selected calli was confirmed by isoenzyme analyses. In order to verify whether morphogenesis of somatic hybrid calli was affected by cell incompatibility, mesophyll and cell suspension protoplasts, derived from the same plant of M. sativa with high embryogenic capacity, were fused. Only callus tissues derived from mesophyll protoplasts retained the highly embryogenic character of the M. sativa genotype, while hybrid cell lines were non-morphogenic and showed isoenzyme patterns similar to tissues derived from cell suspension protoplasts. The achievement of somatic hybrid plants in the genus Medicago is discussed.     

Isoenzyme and cotyledon protein variation for identification of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with similar seed morphology

Summary Methods developed to identify genetically diverse varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were applied to closely related lines that were difficult to distinguish on the basis of seed morphology. Seedling tissues and seeds of black beans, were examined electrophoretically for isoenzyme and cotyledon proteinn protein patterns. Seven enzymes, extracted from seeds or from seedling stem, root or leaf tissues, were compared for polymorphism. Peptidase, polyphenol oxidase, phosphoglucoisomerase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase patterns were the same for all lines. Some differences were observed for acid phosphatase, peroxidase and esterase patterns, but complete discrimination of the six selected lines was not possible on the basis of isoenzyme patterns alone. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of dissociated 0.1 M acetic acid soluble proteins at pH 3.1 (acid-PAGE), or sodium dodecyl sulphate PAGE (SDS-PAGE) of residual protein extracts, all but one pair of samples in each case could be distinguished from the other samples. Using both techniques all of the lines could be identified unequivocally.     

Comparison of the isozyme variation in tall fescue parents and their somaclones

Summary This study was conducted using the isozymes ACP-1, ADH-1, GOT-2, GOT-3, MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2 to: a) compare isozyme banding patterns of tall fescue somaclones with parents and b) correlate tissue culture-induced chromosome abnormalities with variant banding patterns. The 174 somaclones were grouped into seven categories based on their meiotic analyses and time of regeneration from culture. Differences in isozyme frequency between categories compared by chi-square tests were greatest for MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2, and least for ACP-1. The most significant differences in frequency were found between somaclones and parents. In comparisons of somaclone categories, the most different isozyme distributions were between the early vs. late regenerated somaclones. No significant differences in isozyme frequencies were found between all 42-chromosome somaclones vs. aneuploid somaclones and the three somaclone groups (42-normal, 42-abnormal, aneuploid) compared to each other. This study suggests that culture-induced isozyme variation alters the distribution of the isozyme phenotypes, but is not directly correlated with chromosome abnormalities.     

镉对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响

镉对小麦幼苗和根系生长有抑制作用,尤以对根系的抑制更为显著,但镉浓度为5ppm时,有刺激生长的作用.幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量随镉浓度的增加而增加,尤其在高浓度镉下脯氨酸含量剧增,电解质外渗率也明显增大.镉使胚乳中的α-淀粉酶活性降低,这种效应随镉浓度增高而加强,随幼苗的生长却趋于减弱.镉诱导根的正、负极向过氧化物酶同工酶产生新谱带,并使原有的一些谱带活性增强.上述结果显示出镉使小麦幼苗的细胞结构和功能受到损害,而小麦幼苗对镉害也表现出一定的适应性保护反应.