海岸退化沙地木麻黄人工林能量的研究

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定福建沿海中部惠安县崇武林场1989年造的海岸沙地木麻黄人工林热值和能量现存量.结果表明:现存生物量为152.60 t·hm-2,净生产力为10.17 t·hm-2a-1,凋落物的年归还量为14.17t·hm-2a-1.木麻黄各组分干质量热值为19.26～20.53 kJ·g-1,平均为19.70 kJ·g-1,灰分含量为1.20%～11.92%,平均5.23%.整个林分能量现存量为2 986.92GJ·hm-2,各组分的分布为干(43.30%)＞根(24.10%)＞枝(13.60%)＞皮(10%)＞小枝(6.60%)＞枯枝(1.60%)＞果(0.80%).能量的归还量为294.56 GJ·hm-2,净固定量为196.80 GJ·hm-2,整个林分对林地有效太阳辐射能转化率为0.90%.木麻黄在东南沿海地区有较高的太阳能利用率和生长适应性,是很好的造林树种.     

人工降雨条件下不同坡度红壤坡面迳流泥沙变化特征研究

在人工模拟降雨强度为1.44 mm/min的条件下,研究了不同坡度(β)红壤近似裸地坡面迳流、泥沙的变化特征,研究结果表明:①地表迳流量随坡度的增大而迅速增加。②当β≤23°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大而迅速增加;当25°≤β≤40°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度变化较小。③坡面土壤侵蚀的临界坡度则介于23°~25°之间。④坡度与侵蚀量关系可用函数表示为:S=199.1×L1.65×tan1.4β(0°≤β≤23°)。     

使用粉煤灰泡沫隔墙板经济效益浅析

作者依据实例,对使用粉煤灰泡沫隔墙板与普通材料隔墙的经济效益做了综合比较,提出应大力推广使用粉煤灰泡沫墙板这一新型建筑材料。     

章古台固沙林更新造林中天然更新的结合与利用

辽宁省章古台固沙林经过经营疏伐与块状采伐以后,通风透光条件改善,促进了天然下种更新。天然更新强度,在采伐迹地为690株·hm^-2,人工更新造林地为575株·hm^-2,油松和赤松林下松树为181株·hm^-2,其他树种295株·hm^-2。通过采取保护1年生樟子松幼树越冬,抚育油松、赤松幼树等措施,促进针叶树天然更新。在更新造林中,沙丘下部与丘间低地营造杨树,利用行间天然更新树木形成阔叶树混交林,沙丘中上部营造针叶树,利用行间天然更新灌木,形成乔灌混交林。     

关于水泥地面经常出现的几个问题的分析、处理与预防

本文对水泥地面经常出现的空鼓、不规则裂缝、起砂和麻面等问题原因进行了详细分析,并提 出了处理与预防措施。     

沙柳集束沙障固沙技术探讨

风蚀沙埋是制约沙区人工造林成活率的主要因子之一。设置沙障是防止风蚀沙埋，提高造林成活率的主要措施。本文通过对沙区人工造林设置不同类型沙障的对比试验，筛选出沙柳集束沙障。该沙障具有明显的效益，可在高大流动沙区人工造林中加以推广。     

片石砂土地区封山育林效益分析

片石砂土地区从１９８４年起至１９９４年止，共封山育林１．１０万ｈｍ＾２现已基本成林，原来绿化难度大的近０．６７万ｈｍ＾２荒山。成为多树种，多层次的立体结构混交林。封山育林成本低，效益好，对恢复植被，涵养水源、防治病虫害等都有较大的效果，它是解决农村能源紧缺问题的有效手段之一，并能减少地表径流，减轻水旱灾害，保障农业丰收。     

黑龙江泰来在嫩江沙地魔芋引种试验初报

通过在黑龙江泰来县嫩江沙地3年魔芋引种试验,初步表明,魔芋在该地能够生长,宜种植在中性偏酸沙质平缓坡地,每株施1kg马粪,覆地膜,果树玉米套种,无病虫害。     

保护性耕作农田和柠条带状配置草地防风蚀效果的风洞测试

为比较分析保护性耕作农田与柠条带状配置修复退化草地的防风蚀机理和防风蚀效果,利用移动式风蚀风洞及相关配套设备对内蒙古乌兰察布寒旱区的保护性耕作农田、传统旱作农田和退化草地、柠条带状配置草地进行风蚀风洞原位测试,研究其风速廓线、输沙通量等风沙运动规律,分析保护性耕作农田、柠条带状配置草地的防风蚀情况。结果表明:保护性耕作农田、柠条带状配置修复草地的输沙通量随地表高度的变化呈"C"字形分布,有别于传统耕作农田和退化草地的输沙通量随地表高度的增加按指数规律迅速衰减;保护性耕作农田、柠条带状配置草地的防风蚀机理,主要在于保护性耕作农田的直立残茬和柠条带状配置可对近地表风速产生阻挡、分解、疏散作用,从而使近地表风速造成不同程度削弱;当风洞中心风速为11 m/s时,在距地表50 mm处保护性耕作农田相比传统耕作农田的风速降低率达86.44%,柠条带状配置草地相比退化草地的风速降低率为70.69%,近地表风速的降低是保护性耕作农田和柠条带状配置草地有效防治土壤风蚀的根本原因;保护性耕作农田和柠条带状配置草地的风沙流主要活动在距地表40 cm高度以下,占总输沙量的90%左右,而对照传统耕作农田和退化草地的风沙流则主要活动在距地表20 cm以下,占总输沙量的85%以上。     

RESPONSE OF ORNAMENTAL SUNFLOWER CULTIVARS ‘SUNBEAM’ AND ‘MOONBRIGHT’ TO IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WASTEWATERS

To explore the possibility that saline wastewaters may be used to grow commercially acceptable floriculture crops, a study was initiated to determine the effects of salinity on two pollen-free cultivars of ornamental sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). ‘Moonbright’ and ‘Sunbeam’ were grown in greenhouse sand cultures irrigated with waters prepared to simulate wastewaters commonly present in two inland valley regions of California: 1) San Joaquin Valley (SJV) where saline-sodic drainage waters are dominated by sodium (Na⁺) and sulfate (SO ^2? ₄ ) and 2) Coachella Valley (CV) where major ions in tailwaters are Na⁺, chloride (Cl^?), SO ^2? ₄ , magnesium (Mg²⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), predominating in that order. Ten-day-old seedlings were subjected to five salinity treatments of each water composition, each replicated three times. Electrical conductivities (EC) of the irrigation waters were 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS·m^?1. Flowering stems were harvested when about 75% of the ray flowers were nearly horizontal. Stem length and fresh weight, flower and stem diameter were measured. Mineral ion concentrations in upper and lower stems, upper and lower leaves were determined. Sodium was excluded from the young tissues in the upper portions of the shoot and retained in the basal stem tissue. Inasmuch as sunflower is also a strong potassium (K)-accumulator, K⁺/Na⁺ selectivity coefficients were unusually high in the younger shoot organs. Despite a five-fold increase in substrate Ca²⁺ in both solutions, shoot-Ca decreased as salinity increased and this cation was retained in the older leaves. A few of the lower leaves of plants irrigated with ICV waters at EC = 10 dS·m^?1 and higher, exhibited necrotic margins which were undoubtedly caused by high concentrations of Cl^? in the tissues. Flowering stems produced in all treatments met florist quality standards in terms of diameters for stems (0.5 to 1.5 cm) and blooms (8 to 15 cm). Across treatments, stem lengths ranged from 60 to 175 cm. Both ornamental sunflower cultivars proved to be good candidates for production of marketable flowering stems using moderately saline wastewaters.