大豆耐盐性研究进展*

本文从离子毒害、膜脂和蛋白质组分改变、活性氧伤害、根瘤和盐腺等方面,概述了有关大豆耐盐性的研究进展。阐明了大豆右以通过渗透调节、膜组分改变、清除活性氧等生理机制增强抗盐性,还可通过根瘤、盐腺等形态结构适应盐逆境。指出了提高大豆耐盐以进行盐土生物改良和综合开发的可能途径及今后的研究方向。     

Research Progress on the Development of Mammary Glands

Mammary gland is a kind of exocrine glands and a dynamic organ.Structure of mammary gland changes throughout the female reproductive cycles.Development of mammary gland occurs in the defined stages that are closely linted to sexual development and reproduction, namely embryonic, prepubertal and pubertal stages, pregnancy, lactation and involution.In this review, the roles of epithelial-stromal (mesenchymal) interactions in embryonic and postnatal mammary development were summarized, elaborated the regulations of different kinds of hormones on the mammary development after pubertal stage, and described the discovery of mammary stem cell populations (MaSC) and selection markers of mice and human.The objective of this work was to learn the basic processes and potential regulation mechanisms of the mammary development to provide some help for the researchers in the field of mammary gland.     

Partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland for excessive salivary secretions

Objective To determine the outcome and effect of a partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland in four dogs with excessive salivation and ocular irritation. Methods Four dogs were previously diagnosed with absolute keratoconjunctivitis sicca. After a parotid duct transposition (PDT) surgery, these dogs experienced excessive saliva production and abundant salivary precipitates, which resulted in epiphora, moist dermatitis, blepharospasm, and keratitis. In an effort to decrease saliva production, a partial ligation of the transposed duct at the level of the parotid gland was performed. Two or three accessory branches to the primary parotid duct were ligated at the level of the salivary gland. Results The four cases were three Yorkshire terriers and a Chihuahua. The average age of the four patients was 2.5 years. Partial ligation of accessory branches of the parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland after a PDT in this study demonstrated improved ocular comfort, decreased salivary precipitates, and adequate Schirmer tear test results without marked epiphora in three of the four animals. The male Yorkshire had epiphora after the initial partial ligations of two accessory branches were placed at the level of the parotid gland. To correct the excessive salivary flow, two additional ligatures were placed at a later date, which resolved the epiphora. Conclusion Partial ligation of the parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland proved to be an effective technique in moderating the salivation in these four patients with excessive salivary secretions after PDT.     

Use of a sclerosing agent (1% polidocanol) to treat an orbital mucocele in a dog

A case of a salivary gland mucocele in a dog causing nonpainful exopthalmos with dorsolateral deviation of the globe and protrusion of the third eyelid. Diagnosis was made via ultrasound and confirmed with computed tomography. Aspiration of the cystic material along with injection of a sclerosing agent, 1% polidocanol (Aethoxysklerol), was used to destroy the mucocele. Follow-up monthly examination post injection confirmed resolution of clinical signs to date, namely abnormal globe position, with no complications observed.     

抗凋亡基因bcl—2在涎腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：观察ｂｃｌ－２基因表达对涎腺癌发生及发展的关系。方法；采用免疫组织化学法对５５例涎腺癌，２５例癌旁涎腺组织及１１例多形性腺瘤组织ｂｃｌ－２表达产物进行检测。结果：涎腺癌组织ｂｃｌ－２阳性表达明显高于癌旁涎腺组织及多形性腺瘤。ｂｃｌ－２表达与涎腺癌的临床分期及恶性程度有关，临床晚期组及恶性程度较高组ｂｃｌ－２呈现高表达。     

果子狸生殖腺的形态与组织结构研究

对成年果子狸生殖腺（卵巢、睾丸）进行大体解剖和显微观察,发现其生殖腺随季节性繁殖而出现周期性变化,繁殖旺季性腺明显增大且具有丰富的各级生殖细胞;休情期则显著缩小,性腺活动处于停滞状态,没有成熟的生殖细胞。     

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion in dogs with primary hypothyroidism

Primary hypothyroidism in dogs is associated with increased release of growth hormone (GH). In search for an explanation we investigated the effect of intravenous administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 10 microg/kg body weight) on GH release in 10 dogs with primary hypothyroidism and 6 healthy control dogs. The hypothyroid dogs had a medical history and physical changes compatible with hypothyroidism and were included in the study on the basis of the following criteria: plasma thyroxine concentration < 2 nmol/l and plasma thyrotropin (TSH) concentration > 1 microg/l. In addition, (99m)TcO(4)(-) uptake during thyroid scintigraphy was low or absent. TRH administration caused plasma TSH concentrations to rise significantly in the control dogs, but not in the hypothyroid dogs. In the dogs with primary hypothyroidism, the mean basal plasma GH concentration was relatively high (2.3+/-0.5 microg/l) and increased significantly (P=0.001) 10 and 20 min after injection of TRH (to 11.9+/-3.5 and 9.8+/-2.7 microg/l, respectively). In the control dogs, the mean basal plasma GH concentration was 1.3+/-0.1 microg/l and did not increase significantly after TRH administration. We conclude that, in contrast to healthy control dogs, primary hypothyroid dogs respond to TRH administration with a significant increase in the plasma GH concentration, possibly as a result of transdifferentiation of somatotropic pituitary cells to thyrosomatotropes.     

Blood-to-saliva glucose time lag in sedated healthy dogs

The management of diabetes mellitus mandates measurement of blood glucose. Saliva offers an alternative to blood sampling, but measurement of the salivary glucose concentration is difficult, and the blood-to-saliva glucose time lag is uncertain. We aimed to determine the serum–saliva glucose time lag in the saliva of healthy dogs. The combined duct of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands of 6 dogs was cannulated to collect saliva and prevent glucose degradation by oral bacteria. Following a 0.25 g/kg IV bolus of dextrose, paired serum–saliva samples were collected at baseline and in twelve 5-min blocks over 60 min. Serum and salivary glucose levels were analyzed with a linear mixed model for repeated measures with a compound symmetry error structure. Mean (±SD) saliva production was 10.3 ± 2.9 µL/kg/min, and the area under the curve (AUC_glucose)_saliva/serum ratio was 0.006, which highlights the magnitude of the large difference in glucose concentration between the 2 compartments. The serum–saliva glucose time lag was 30–40 min.