哈茨木霉诱导番茄叶片光合生理变化的研究

 采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机 制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54 对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防 效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、气孔 导度（Gs）、CO2 光饱和同化速率（Asat）、Rubisco 最大羧化（Vcmax）、RuBP 最大再生速率（Jmax）及Rubisco、 FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木 霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相 关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。 研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。     

新型化合物唑嘧氯草胺的作用机制

采用培养皿法和常规生化方法,研究了新型除草剂唑嘧氯草胺(暂定名,代号:ZJ-2725)的作用机制。结果显示,同时添加20mg/L浓度的缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸能完全恢复唑嘧氯草胺对苘麻芽的生长抑制作用,而添加相同浓度的单一支链氨基酸只能部分消除其抑制作用。离体条件下,随着唑嘧氯草胺浓度的增大,对乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性的抑制率增加,ALS活性随反应时间的延长而增加,且两者之间符合Michaelis-Meten方程;活体条件下,唑嘧氯草胺对苘麻的ALS也表现出明显的抑制作用,ALS活性明显下降。表明唑嘧氯草胺在植物体内抑制了3种支链氨基酸的生物合成,进而导致植物蛋白质合成受阻而使植物生长受到抑制,ALS即为唑嘧氯草胺的作用靶标。     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

CT—43乳剂防治几种蔬菜害虫的应用效果初报

应用CT—43双毒乳剂防治小菜蛾,菜青虫和豆荚螟有较好的防治效果。以500倍稀释液防治菜青虫的平均防效为93.9％,防治小菜蛾的平均防效为84.8％,防治豆荚螟的平均防效为83.2％,对棉铃虫的防治效果为86.5％。防治效果受虫龄和气温的影响较大。CT—43双毒乳剂对斜纹夜蛾高龄幼虫防治效果欠佳。     

鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在温室樱桃番茄上的应用效果研究

为了探讨鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在樱桃番茄上的田间应用效果,在滴灌施肥的条件下,设置化肥和液体复合微生物有机肥两个处理进行对比应用,结果表明施用液体复合微生物有机肥的处理其单果重可提高39.69％,含糖量可提高11.94％,茎粗可提高8.76％,Vc含量可提高5.72％,产量可提高30.95％,节约成本1.32％,可有...     

春季储水灌溉条件下啤酒大麦节水增产机理研究

测定了不同春季储水灌溉定额下啤酒大麦出苗率、生长发育动态、土壤水分变化、耗水规律及水分利用效率,并结合气象资料比较不同灌水处理的优越性,分析不同春季储水灌溉定额对土壤水分、降水利用及作物产量的影响。结果表明,将冬季储水灌改为春季储水灌从技术层面上切实可行;在适宜灌水定额条件下,采用春季储水灌溉技术较冬季储水灌溉技术可减少储水灌灌溉水量75 mm,减少土壤蒸发37.4%,水分利用效率提高26.2%。在实际大麦种植生产中应以春季储水灌定额75 mm,生育期灌水5次,灌水定额75 mm为宜,这样不仅可节约有限水资源,还可提高地温及水分利用效率,达到节水、增效的目的。     

芸香科及樟科8种植物提取物对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵驱避作用

测试了芸香科及樟科8种植物的乙醇提取物对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵驱避作用,发现四季橘和沙田柚提取物对该虫产卵具有较高的驱避作用,选择性驱避率分别为84.26%、53.90%,非选择驱避率分别为90.14%、60.83%;而九里香提取物则对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵具有一定的引诱作用。对四季橘提取物用不同的溶剂初步分离后发现,氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层萃取物对该虫的驱避作用最高,分别为84.67%、86.63%,即其活性成分主要分布在氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层萃取物中。     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

唑草·苯磺隆24%可湿性粉剂小麦田间药效试验

田间试验表明唑草·苯磺隆24%可湿性粉剂28.8～43.2g/hm2能有效防除小麦田一年生阔叶杂草,药后45d,对猪殃殃、泽漆、麦家公、播娘蒿的株防效在90.5%～94.2%,鲜重防效在92.1%～96.4%。在推荐剂量下,对小麦生长安全。     

30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治萝卜蚜田间药效试验

为了筛选出防治萝卜蚜高效、低残留药剂,对30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油和40%氧乐果乳油防治萝卜蚜进行了药效对比及用量试验。田间试验结果表明,30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油对萝卜蚜具有理想的防治效果,表现出良好的速效性和持效性,使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油65～135mL/667m2,在蚜虫发生期内喷雾防治,施药第1d,防治效果就超过90%,药后第10d仍保持在90%以上,且对油菜安全。