Transgenic expression of a sorghum gene (SbLRR2) encoding a simple extracellular leucine-rich protein enhances resistance against necrotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis

Plant leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins are known to play important roles in signaling transduction and defense responses. In sorghum, SbLRR2 is pathogen-inducible gene encoding a simple extracellular LRR protein. Here, we demonstrated an earlier and stronger expression of SbLRR2 in a sorghum resistant genotype in comparison to a susceptible genotype following inoculation with the anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum sublineolum). In addition, SbLRR2 expression was found to be induced strongly by methyl-jasmonate treatment. Functional analysis was performed in SbLRR2 over-expression (OE) Arabidopsis plants, which showed enhanced resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. In addition, the OE lines were found to have elevated expression of several jasmonate acid (JA)-associated genes and higher endogenous JA contents. Hence, the SbLRR2-mediated defense responses in transgenic Arabidopsis are likely to be dependent on JA-signaling through increased JA production. On the other hand, the OE lines remained susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato like the wild type plants. Consistently, there was no up-regulation of salicylic acid (SA) defense marker gene expression or SA levels in the OE lines. Our results suggested that SbLRR2 is potentially useful for enhancing resistance against necrotrophic pathogens in transgenic dicot crops.     

当前我国贫富差距的现状及调控对策

探析了当前我国城乡、地区及行业间的贫富差距现状,分析了问题产生的消极影响,并提出了缩小我国贫富差距的基本对策。     

陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境定量评价——以榆林、延安两市为例

位于黄土高原中部的陕甘宁老区生态环境极为脆弱 ,近年来由于气候、人类开发资源等自然和人为原因 ,使生态环境的脆弱程度升高。选定年降水量、年均温、蒸发量等 8个指标 ,定量评价各县 1 970 - 2 0 0 0年的脆弱度状况 ,结果表明榆林、延安两市生态环境整体脆弱 ,脆弱度存在空间差异但差异不明显 ,时间段上的波动幅度不大。陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境具有不稳定性 ,对外界干扰较敏感。     

光照对长白梅木生长发育的影响

研究不同遮光度对栽培长白椽木生长发育的影响。结果表明,适度遮光可促进长白槐木的生长,提高植株高度,但对茎粗促进作用不明显。适度遮光更有利于植株干物质的积累,但是重度遮光不利于长白橡木种子的成熟。不同遮光处理延迟了长白橡木的开花期和结果期,尤其是80％遮光处理,到了秋季枯萎期种子不能成熟。田间观察30％、50％遮光处理并没有影响种子的成熟,因此,只有重度遮光不利于长白橡木种子成熟。     

林药复合经营下不同遮阴度对白芨和黄精生长的影响

林地遮阴度对林下套种的植株生长有着重要的影响,且对不同的中药材有着不同的适 应性特点。本文研究白芨和黄精两个品种在3 种不同强度的遮阴度下成活率、株高、分蘖数及其 产量。结果表明:白芨和黄精在总体上表现为对遮阴度的要求黄精（65～80%）＞白芨（35～ 50%）。在具体指标上,在分蘖数上均表现为一级较低遮阴度的条件下具有更高的分蘖数;在株 高和成活率上,白芨和黄精表现不一致,前者在较低的遮阴度下（35～50%）有更高的株高和成活 率,而后者在较高的遮阴度下（﹥65%）更好;在产量方面,白芨单株重量和亩产量     

含锌酵母的培养试验研究

以酵母菌 IFO2 346菌株为菌种 ,在基础培养基中加入适量的锌离子 ,经发酵试验获得高锌酵母产品。对该株酵母的最适生长条件进行了初步研究。结果表明 :该菌在无机锌浓度为40 0 μg/ m L、接种量为 10 %、最适 p H值为 6左右、碳源为蔗糖、氮源为磷酸二氢铵的培养条件下 ,干酵母含锌量达 80 mg/ g,该研究取得了较为满意的结果     

Net energy of oat bran,wheat bran,and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

The objectives of this experiment were to (a) determine the effects of fiber increase in diets on heat production (HP), (b) determine the net energy (NE) of oat bran (OB), wheat bran (WB), and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty‐four growing barrows (29.2 ± 2.6 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Diets included a corn‐soybean meal basal diet and three test diets containing 30% OB, WB or PKE, respectively. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 20 days, including 14 days to adapt to the diets. On day (d) 15, pigs were transferred to the open‐circuit respiration chambers for determination of daily total HP and were fed one of the four diets at 2.3MJ ME/kg body weight (BW)^0.6/day. Total feces and urine were collected for the determination of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and daily total HP was measured from d 15 to d 19 and fasted on day 20 for the measurement of fasting heat production (FHP). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and organic matter (OM) were greater (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the basal diet compared with those fed the test diets. The ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was lower (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the WB diet compared with those fed the basal, OB, or PKE diets. The ATTD of ether extract (EE) in pigs fed the PKE diet was greater (p < 0.01) compared with those fed the other diets. The average total HP and FHP in pigs fed the four diets were 1261 and 787 kJ/kg BW^0.6/d, respectively, and were not significantly affected by diet characteristics. The NE:ME ratio for diets ranged from 78.1 to 80.9%. The NE contents of OB, WB, and PKE were 10.93, 7.47, and 8.71 MJ/kg DM, respectively.     

Net energy content of five fiber‐rich ingredients fed to pregnant sows

The present study was conducted to determine the net energy (NE) values and energy efficiency of wheat bran (WB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), corn gluten feed (CGF), soybean hulls (SBH), and defatted rice bran (DFRB) fed to pregnant sows. Thirty‐six multiparous pregnant sows were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment. Each period lasted for 21 days including 14 days for adaptation. On day 15, sows were moved into respiration chambers for heat production (HP) measurement and provided feed at 544 kJ/kg BW^0.75/day. On day 20, sows were fasted to measure the fasting heat production (FHP). Experimental diets included corn‐soybean meal basal diet and five diets containing 29.20% WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB, respectively. Results showed that inclusion of WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB to basal diet decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients. The average adjusted total HP and FHP were 418 kJ/kg BW^0.75/day and 326 kJ/kg BW^0.75/day, respectively. The average NE:ME ratio of experiment diets was 82.5%. In conclusion, the NE values of WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB were 9.05, 8.59, 8.37, 7.64, and 7.93 MJ/kg DM, respectively.     

富硒乳酸菌对小鼠组织脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]探讨富硒乳酸菌对健康小鼠,组织脂质过氧化的影响。[方法]选择30只健康小鼠,随机分为对照组(C组)和富硒乳酸菌组(Se组)。分别于试验后第2、4、6周,迅速采集肝脏、心脏、脾脏和肾脏等。同时,测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量。[结果]整个试验期内,C组和Se组体重均随周龄增加而上升,两组间没有显著差异;Se组小鼠肝脏、心脏、肾脏和脾脏GSH-Px活性总体水平高于或显著高于C组;Se组4种组织SOD活性除肾脏第4周显著升高之外,其余升高均不显著;Se组肝脏CAT活性稍有降低,心脏均为上升,肾脏、脾脏在前4周下降,以后上升;试验期内Se组4种组织MDA含量在前4周多有波动,第6周均低于C组。[结论]富硒乳酸菌能够通过提高组织抗氧化酶活性、抑制脂质过氧化产物,保护机体免受脂质过氧化损伤。     

山西经济增长与环境污染水平耦合协调度

在分析经济增长与环境污染水平耦合关系的基础上,建众了二者之间的耦合发展度模型.并对山西省1996-2007年经济发展与环境污染的耦合度进行分析,结果表明:山西省近十年来环境与经济增长的耦合度均处于较低水平,但协调度却差异显著,且以中度失调与过渡性协调为主;从环境与经济关系看,集中处理不同程度的环境滞后型或濒临同步型,说...