城市绿地信息提取中的遥感影像阴影校正

建筑物阴影会对城市绿地产生遮蔽,从而影响城市绿化的遥感调查结果。该文利用乌鲁木齐的QuickBird遥感数据,采用面向对象的技术对遥感影像进行阴影检测,并对阴影区域进行灰度补偿,改进了阴影区域的信息,然后采用面向对象的技术对阴影校正后的影像进行绿地信息提取。结果表明:该方法检测高分辨率遥感影像的阴影区域简单易行;通过灰度补偿可以有效地恢复阴影区域的信息,从而提高城市绿化遥感调查的准确性。      

基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查绿茶中12种植物生长调节剂的方法研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry,UPLC-HRMS）快速筛查绿茶中2,4-滴、对氯苯氧乙酸、吲哚丁酸、氯吡脲和吲哚乙酸等12种植物生长调节剂的方法。采用CAPCELL PKA-C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm）,正离子模式下以体积分数为5%的甲醇水溶液（含有5 mmol/L乙酸铵和体积分数为0.1%甲酸）为流动相;负离子模式下以体积分数为5%甲醇水为流动相,梯度洗脱。在全扫描采集模式下,基于化合物的保留时间、准分子离子峰的精确质量数、碎片离子的精确质量数和同位素分布匹配指数,对目标物进行筛查分析。结果表明:12种植物生长调节剂在绿茶中的报告限（RL）为0.01 mg/kg;在0.01、0.1和0.5 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,其回收率在61%~130%之间,相对标准偏差在1.8%~17%之间。该方法简便快捷,可用于绿茶中常用植物生长调节剂的筛查。     

Aminoaciduria Caused by Fanconi Syndrome in a Heifer

A case study of renal tubular dysfunction consistent with idiopathic Fanconi syndrome is reported in an 18‐month‐old Holstein heifer. The clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features are described. The heifer had clinical signs of growth retardation, wasting, and persistent diarrhea. Biochemical blood analysis identified hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia. Urinalysis identified glycosuria, proteinuria, and acidic pH. Histological examination of the kidney disclosed mild tubular necrosis with proteinaceous casts in the lumina of renal tubules. We performed LC‐HRMS on urine to confirm Fanconi syndrome. Using this technique, we identified severe generalized aminoaciduria suggestive of idiopathic renal Fanconi syndrome in this heifer.     

取代基团对含噻二唑片段截短侧耳素衍生物抑制鸡毒支原体活性的影响

【目的】为研发抗鸡毒支原体感染的药物提供试验依据。【方法】合成18种C14支链含噻二唑片段的截短侧耳素衍生物,采用高分辨质谱进行结构确证,通过体外药敏试验研究所合成苯环取代基衍生物对鸡毒支原体抑菌活性的影响。【结果】化合物12、15和17对鸡毒支原体S6的最小抑菌质量浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)均为0.125 0μg·mL~(-1),化合物18和对照泰妙菌素对鸡毒支原体S6的MIC值最高,均为0.015 6μg·m L~(-1),化合物18氨基被苯甲酰基化后所得化合物17的抗菌活性减弱。【结论】化合物18可作为候选化合物进行深入研究,以开发新的抗支原体感染药物。     

基层党组织在农村水资源纠纷调解中的作用——以广西桂林市恭城瑶族自治县莲花镇为例

农村基层党组织是党联系广大农民群众的纽带和桥梁,是农村工作的领导核心,也是解决农村社会各种矛盾(包括水资源)纠纷的关键。解决农村水资源纠纷的关键是发展农村经济、发挥人民调解组织的作用,构建和谐社会。     

Application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for typing of fowl adenoviruses in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis

Objective Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens. In this study, clinical cases of IBH from Australian broiler flocks were screened for the presence and genotype of FAdVs. Methods Twenty‐six IBH cases from commercial poultry farms were screened. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with high‐resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis (PCR/HRM genotyping) was used to determine the presence and genotype of FAdVs. For comparison, field isolates were also assessed by virus microneutralisation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the hexon loop 1 (Hex L1) gene. PCR detection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was also employed. Results FAdV‐8b and FAdV‐11 were identified in 13 cases each. In one case, FAdV‐1 was also identified. Cross‐neutralisation was observed between the FAdV‐11 field strain and the reference FAdV‐2 and 11 antisera, a result also seen with the type 2 and 11 reference FAdVs. Field strains 1 and 8b were neutralised only by their respective type antisera. The FAdV‐8b field strain was identical to the Australian FAdV vaccine strain (type 8b) in the Hex L1 region. The Hex L1 sequence of the FAdV‐11 field strain had the highest identity to FAdV‐11 (93.2%) and FAdV‐2 (92.7%) reference strains. In the five cases tested for CAV and IBDV, neither virus was detected. The evidence suggested the presence of sufficient antibodies against CAV and IBD in the parent flocks and there was no indication of immunosuppression caused by these viruses. Conclusion These results indicate that PCR/HRM genotyping is a reliable diagnostic method for FAdV identification and is more rapid than virus neutralisation and direct sequence analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that IBH in Australian broiler flocks is a primary disease resulting from two alternative FAdV strains from different species.     

Spatial variability of bulk soil electrical conductivity in a Malaysian paddy field: key to soil management

On-the-go EC sensor is a useful tool in mapping the apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) to identify areas of contrasting soil properties. In non-saline soils, EC_a is a substitute measurement for soil texture. It is directly related to both water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity (CEC), which are key ingredients of productivity. This sensor measures the EC_a across a field quickly and gives detailed soil features (1-s interval) with few operators. Hence, a dense sampling is possible and therefore a high resolution EC_a map can be produced. This paper presents experiences in acquiring detailed EC_a information that is correlated to other soil properties for precision farming of rice. The study was conducted on a 9 ha rice plot in MARDI Seberang Prai Station, Penang. The VerisEC3100 was pulled across the field in a series of parallel transects spaced about 15 m apart. The study showed that shallow and deep EC_a had high correlation and shallow EC_a had significant correlation to P. Deep EC_a had significant correlation to P, K and yield. Regression equations showed that N and P could be estimated by shallow EC_a but, pH, K and yield were better estimated by deep EC_a. This study was able to draw some basic ideas of nutrient zone management according to precision farming technique.     

基于改进空间引力模型的农作区遥感影像亚像元定位

针对空间引力模型在遥感影像亚像元定位中存在的不足,该文提出了一种基于改进空间引力模型的农作区遥感影像亚像元定位方法。研究首先分析了原始空间引力模型运行速度慢、定位精度低的原因。然后,分别改进了空间引力模型的初始化算法和优化算法,改进后的初始化算法使亚像元更具空间相关性;改进后的优化算法在初始化的基础上显著提高了模型的运行速度和定位精度。最后,以吉林省镇赉县农作区SPOT-5影像为例,在原图像空间分辨率退化4倍的尺度下进行遥感影像亚像元定位试验。结果表明,改进模型与原始模型相比亚像元定位精度提高了6.67个百分点,运行速度提高了10.69倍。因此,改进空间引力模型在地物类别相对复杂的农作区遥感影像亚像元定位中,可以更好的突破空间分辨率的限制,为确保农作物种植面积提取、区域产量遥感估测提供有力支撑。     

Understanding ‘resource’ conflicts in Papua New Guinea

Abstract: Papua New Guinea, with its heavy dependence on natural resources, limited economic development in the past two decades, poor record of governance and high‐profile separatist conflicts such as the Bougainville civil war, appears to be an exemplar of the ‘Resource Curse’ theory – the notion that natural resources actively undermine economic development. Using a number of examples from a range of scales, this paper argues that what appear to be ‘resource’ conflicts in Papua New Guinea are actually better conceived as conflicts around identity and social relationships. The very different conceptualisation of natural resources in most Melanesian societies – as elements of the social world as much as any external environmental sphere – means that resources become a conduit for local social and political agendas and tensions to be expressed. The nature of traditional conflict in Melanesian societies is discussed as a guide to the better management and resolution of what appear to be ‘resource’ conflicts in Papua New Guinea.     

高光谱遥感在荒漠化监测中的应用

论述并建立了适合于高光谱遥感技术的荒漠化监测指标,提出了基于高光谱分辨率数据处理算法的荒漠化监测评价指标信息的提取方法。初步构建了ＴＭ、高光谱分辨率成像光谱仪和地面调查相结合的荒漠化监测的技术框架。