塔里木大学住宅室内环境研究--建筑声环境

噪声对人体及生活等有很大的危害,塔里木大学现有学生宿舍楼12栋,教职工住宅楼20栋。通过调查研究,分析本校现有的宿舍楼及教职工家属楼室内声环境的基本情况及产生噪声的各种原因,提出相应的改进措施,为建筑室内声环境的提高和建筑的设计提供改进参考。并且在声环境方面通过具体的调查找出对振动和噪声的控制、解决方法,从而消除或适当的减少室内外噪声,以创造一个可接受的声学环境。     

脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)对映异构体的生物活性比较

 采用新方法精制脱落酸(ABA)异构体试样,改变以往靠光学离析法分离racemic型(SR)-(±)-ABA,提高了(S)-(+)-ABA与(R)-(-)-ABA两镜像体纯度。抑制生长试验和残留量分析结果表明:天然型(S)-(+)-ABA活性,显着高于非天然型(R)-(-)-ABA或(SR)-(±)-ABA活性。抑制莴苣种子发芽50%的活性强度(S)-(+)-ABA约是(R)-(-)-ABA的5倍,(SR)-(±)-ABA介于二者之间。抑制萝卜下胚轴生长试验,最显着有效期2～6天,(6天后差异渐小,8日甚微),生理作用期约为一周,(S)-(+)-ABA活性是(R)-(-)-ABA的3.6倍。差异原因可能是两异构体分子立体结构不同所致。     

棉纤维细胞壁的微纤丝螺旋角及其与花后生长天数的关系

应用X射线衍射分峰法测量了棉纤维细胞壁的平均微纤丝螺旋角,该方法基于(002)衍射强度-方位角扫描曲线由两个相同的高斯曲线叠加而成的假定。测量结果表明:在花后5～50天内,细胞壁S_2,层的平均微纤丝螺旋角随花后生长天数的增加而逐渐变小。     

安徽农村计划生育奖励扶助政策研究

2004 年, 中央决定在全国部分农村地区实行计划生育奖励扶助试点。安徽省芜湖市被国家确定为试点市, 同年, 定远县也被安徽省确定为试点县。2005 年, 试点工作在全国普遍推广, 惠及安徽省的各个县市。本课题组对部分试点县进行实地调研, 综合其他材料对安徽省部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助的现状、存在问题进行分析, 并提出相应的解决对策。     

Uncertainty and adaptive management for biodiversity conservation

Adaptive management of natural resources is widely supported, but in biodiversity conservation there have been few practical applications of the approach in its entirety. Some of the contributions to this special publication examine progress in the implementation of adaptive approaches into conservation policy, while others explore novel theoretical and modeling approaches that seek to accommodate the complexities of real-world applications. Several of the papers address the treatment of uncertainty in adaptive management through innovative approaches to experimentation and monitoring, use and characterisation of expert knowledge and reconciliation of differences of opinion about parameters or systems. Drawing on these contributions, we discuss the major impediments to implementing adaptive management, why adaptive management has been slow to be implemented and how this can be redressed.     

生鲜乳中兽药残留的快速筛查与风险预警体系构建

该研究探索并构建一种基于历史数据分析的安全预警方法,对生鲜乳中兽药残留情况进行识别、控制与评价,以便在风险发生之前做出准确判断。首先利用高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间串联质谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography-high Resolution Time-of-flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-TOF-MS/MS)方法对上海市各牧场的生鲜乳进行兽药残留筛查,然后以生鲜乳中泼尼松(Prednisone,Pre)残留检出数为例,利用休哈特控制图(Shewhart control charts)构建风险预警体系。结果表明:在300个生鲜乳样品中共筛查出42种兽药残留,涉及类固醇类(12种)、糖皮质类(6种)和镇静剂(5种)等12大类;在筛查的6个星期中,泼尼松检出数(Number of Prednisone Detected,Pn)控制图呈现稳定的状态;当假设第7周泼尼松检出数为6时,Pn控制图呈现稳态,未触发预警;当假设第7周泼尼松检出数为10时,Pn控制图出现异常,稳态遭到破坏,此时该批样品触发风险预警。综上,利用HPLC-TOF-MS/MS能对生鲜乳样品进行高通量的兽药残留筛查,再利用休哈特控制图结合历史数据可以对生鲜乳样品的兽药残留进行有效的风险监测和预警。     

猪(Svs scrofa domastica L)染色体高分辨G带带型

利用加入氨甲喋呤和胸苷使细胞分裂同步化并结合胰酶G带技术,分析了猪前中期染色体高分辨G带。单套染色体的G带数目,包括x和y染色体,前中期为503条,中期为300条。绘制了前中期和中期G带带型图。     

汽车平顺性试验数据的快速处理

本文首先分析了汽车平顺性数据处理中的常用手段一傅里叶谱估计方法,这种古典谱估计方法存在着某些不足和局限性,而近年来发展很快的以参数模型法为基础的现代谱估计方法与前者相比有明显的优越性.文中结合运用,对自回归AR模型的几种流行算法作了比较,指出在汽车平顺性数据处理中,Marple算法是一种较为理想的工具.     

Does kriging predict weed distributions accurately enough for site‐specific weed control?

Numerous studies have demonstrated the patchy distribution of weeds within fields. The majority of these studies have used discrete sampling, recording weed densities at the intersections of regular grids. In this study, Avena spp. seedlings were recorded on square grids at four sites. The data were then divided into test and real data sets using the whole, two-thirds and one-half of the data to evaluate the consistency of global variogram models and accuracy of ordinary kriging estimates. Kriging provided poor weed density estimates at both very low and high densities, i.e. data were smoothed when compared with true values. Grid sampling took considerable time and, therefore, money to complete, whereas continuous sampling with multispectral imagery (performed at one site) was much quicker and at a finer resolution. It is suggested that sampling systems that collect continuous rather than discrete data are currently more appropriate for site-specific weed management.     

Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern

The relationship between a landscape process and observed patterns can be rigorously tested only if the expected pattern in the absence of the process is known. We used methods derived from percolation theory to construct neutral landscape models,i.e., models lacking effects due to topography, contagion, disturbance history, and related ecological processes. This paper analyzes the patterns generated by these models, and compares the results with observed landscape patterns. The analysis shows that number, size, and shape of patches changes as a function of p, the fraction of the landscape occupied by the habitat type of interest, and m, the linear dimension of the map. The adaptation of percolation theory to finite scales provides a baseline for statistical comparison with landscape data. When USGS land use data (LUDA) maps are compared to random maps produced by percolation models, significant differences in the number, size distribution, and the area/perimeter (fractal dimension) indices of patches were found. These results make it possible to define the appropriate scales at which disturbance and landscape processes interact to affect landscape patterns.