Research Progress on Drug Resistance and Its Mechanism of Mycoplasma in Livestock and Poultry

The harm for livestock and poultry production caused by Mycoplasma infection has got widespread attention of researchers in the world. The practical ways to control the disease in order to reduce economic loss through Mycoplasma infection is the extensive use of antibiotics. Many groups of antibiotics including tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones have been shown to be effective to Mycoplasma. Clinical practice shows many Mycoplasma isolated from livestock and poultry are characterized not only by single drug resistance but also by multiple antibiotic resistance due to the legacy of past decades of antimicrobial misuse, which threat the livestock and poultry production health. This paper reviews the mechanism of anti-Mycoplasma medicines through the alterations in the targets, the formation of efflux pump system, and the generation of inactivated enzymes of antibiotics, which provide theoretical basis and strategies for establishing resistance testing system, rational drug use and development of new drugs.     

草坪草耐盐性研究 Ⅰ.不同草种和品种在盐胁迫下的抗逆性

用 5个盐分浓度对 2 6个 4周龄草坪草品种进行盐胁迫处理 ,结果证明 ,同一种的不同品种间耐盐力无显著差异 ,而不同草种间差异明显。高浓度 (2 .0 % )下所有草坪草均不能存活 ,而低浓度(0 .5% )下存活时间最长的为高羊茅和匍匐剪股颖。     

几种动物病原菌对替米考星耐药性的体外诱导

在测定替米考星对鸡毒支原体、多杀巴氏杆菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的最小抑菌浓度基础上,采用药物浓度递增法体外诱导3种病原菌对替米考星的耐药性。结果鸡毒支原体经9次传代对替米考星产生了高水平耐药,多杀巴氏杆菌经7~9次传代对替米考星产生了高水平耐药,猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌经14次传代对替米考星的耐受浓度未发生明显变化;鸡毒支原体和多杀巴氏杆菌替米考星诱导耐药株对红霉素、阿奇霉素、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素和林可霉素表现交叉耐药。研究结果提示,替米考星较易诱导鸡毒支原体和多杀巴氏杆菌产生耐药性,兽医临床应合理应用。     

灰色系统理论在燕麦抗倒伏综合评价中的应用

运用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度法对20个燕麦Avena sativa品种(系)的抗倒伏性进行综合评价,同时利用综合评价值与各指标进行最优回归方程模型的拟合。结果表明,青永久343的综合评价值最高,抗倒伏性最好;甘肃黄燕麦的综合评价值最低,最易倒伏,这与燕麦田间倒伏调查结果基本吻合。各指标中穗长倒数、株高构成指数、弹力和2~3茎节鲜质量4个指标对燕麦抗倒伏性有显著影响。     

Bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents against major pathogens in swine: a review

In recent years, the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a global concern which has prompted research into the development of alternative disease control strategies for the swine industry. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) offer the prospect of a sustainable alternative approach against bacterial pathogens with the flexibility of being applied therapeutically or for biological control purposes. This paper reviews the use of phages as an antimicrobial strategy for controlling critical pathogens including Salmonella and Escherichia coli with an emphasis on the application of phages for improving performance and nutrient digestibility in swine operations as well as in controlling zoonotic human diseases by reducing the bacterial load spread from pork products to humans through the meat.     

Effect of Enterococcus faecium AL41 and Thymus vulgaris essential oil on small intestine integrity and antioxidative status of laying hens

We investigated the effect of Enterococcus faecium on phagocytic activity, antioxidative status in vivo and the effect of E. faecium and 0.4% concentration of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EO) on the duodenal tissue integrity in vitro in laying hens. The birds were fed the same standard diets and were divided into four groups. E. faecium was added to the drinking water for the second and fourth groups. EO was added to special chambers for measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) for the third and fourth groups only. TEER was lower in groups where EO was added, but in the group with E. faecium TEER was not changed significantly. Our results show that EO at 0.4% concentration may negatively affect intestine integrity, and the probiotic strain E. faecium AL41 is able to eliminate this effect and can strengthen non-specific immunity. To confirm our findings further histopathological investigations of intestinal tissue are needed.     

镇海巨高长毛兔体重与产毛性能相关的研究

利用原全国家兔育种委员会2000年长毛兔性能测定数据,分析研究了镇海巨高长毛兔12月龄时体重与产毛性能的相关。结果表明:母兔的体重、标准含水率产毛量、单次产毛率和估测年产毛率均显著或极显著地高于公兔;随着体重的增加,标准含水率产毛量相应地提高,单次产毛率和估测年产毛率相应地下降;体重与标准含水率产毛量、单次产毛率的相关系数分别为0.225、-0.324(P<0.01);标准含水率产毛量与单次产毛率的相关系数为0.845(P<0.01)。     

天峻县北部地区畜牧业发展思考

天峻县北部地区因受气候干旱、鼠虫危害等因素的影响,畜牧业生产逐年下降,通过对存在问题的分析,提出了北部地区今后走退牧还草或休牧育草路子的设想。     

兽用喹诺酮类药物发展动态

综述了兽用喹诺酮类药物—包括国内外已上市的、尚在开发中的以及人用药可转化为兽用药三个部分的品种,并对在我国尚未上市的兽用喹诺酮类药物的药理作用及用途作了简介。     

扁蓿豆的抗性研究进展

综述了扁蓿豆（Medicago ruthenica）抗旱性、耐盐性、抗寒性和抗病虫等四方面的研究工作进展,包括植物学特性、种子特性、物候期及根、茎、叶的生长发育、利用价值及分布和抗逆性方面的研究概况。并针对扁蓿豆研究存在的问题,提出今后研究应当集中在扁蓿豆的适应区域、抗逆基因的筛选、荚果开裂问题以及进一步的建立栽培草地等方面,以期对我国扁蓿豆种质资源的收集、保存、开发利用、新品种选育及北方生态建设提供理论依据。