几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

代森锰锌的HS—GLC分析技术

对来自代森锰锌产生的ＣＳ２的ＨＳ－ＧＬＣ分析技术做了较详细的分析讨论,结果表明,面空瓶应避免用橡胶瓶盖,其干扰大约为０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（代森锰锌）手动进样的放空时间要尽可能一致,石油酸可作为ＣＳ２的稀释剂,配制的ＣＳ２母液至少可贮藏１４ｄ。实际检测工作前,需测定代木锰锌标准悬浮液的均匀性和ＣＳ２的转化率。     

几种金属离子对萼花臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

萼花臂尾轮虫是鱼苗最适口的优质饵料之一，也是生态研究的主要对象之一。其适应力强、生长快、繁殖迅速、培养成本低，极易在生产实践中推广应用。并可作为水环境监测的指示生物。通过对萼花臂尾轮虫的24h标准化急性毒性试验，证明了Zn^2 、Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Cd^2 对萼花臂尾轮虫具有急性毒害作用。     

60%双效磷乳油的性质与应用试验

６０％双胶磷乳油经毒性和稳定性检测及田间增效试验,明确了其毒性明显高于两混配单剂,１０００倍的防效与５０％甲胺磷２０００倍相似,但安全性好于单独使用甲胺磷或敌百虫;双胶磷不稳定的主要表现是马拉松含量迅速降低,使用当年生产的双效磷才能最大限度发挥增铲作用。     

杜洛克猪HMGA1基因多态位点与生长、饲料利用性状的关联分析

试验对HMGA1基因的两个SNPs位点进行分析,研究了HMGA1基因核苷酸多态性与生长、饲料利用性状的关联性。利用大白猪和民猪重测序结果比较发现了HMGA1基因的两个SNPs位点（g.-543 T > C和g.1356 C > T）,利用Sequenom质谱测序平台对杜洛克猪g.-543 T > C和g.1356 C > T位点进行基因分型,并分析该位点多态性与生长、饲料利用性状的关联性。结果发现,杜洛克猪群体g.-543 T>C位点,CT与CC基因型相比,90日龄体重升高了2.15 kg（P<0.05）,30 kg体重日龄降低了3.21 d（P<0.05）,断奶重升高,剩余采食量降低,100 kg体重日龄减少,30~100 kg平均日增重、40~90 kg平均日采食量、40~90 kg平均日增重均降低。杜洛克猪群体g.1356 C>T位点,CC与TT基因型相比,90日龄体重升高了0.37 kg（P<0.05）;平均日采食量降低0.13 kg/d（P<0.05）,100 kg背膘厚降低0.43 mm（P<0.05）,剩余采食量降低了70.42 g（P<0.05）,30 kg体重日龄降低了0.56 d（P<0.05）;40~90 kg平均日采食量降低了0.17 kg（P<0.05）,断奶重升高,100 kg体重日龄增大,30~100、40~90 kg平均日增重均降低;CT与TT基因型结果与上结果类似。结果初步表明HMGA1基因两个SNPs位点的突变有利于杜洛克猪的生长、饲料利用效率的提高。     

风筛式土壤残膜分离装置的设计与试验分析

为了解决耕层残膜回收率低的问题,设计了风筛式土壤残膜试验平台装置,并采用双曲柄机构来减小装置的振动性。对土壤残膜进行了无气流条件下的筛分试验,分析了各因素对筛分率的影响,优选了振动筛参数组合。试验结果表明:当曲柄转速为180r/min、筛面倾角为6°、鱼鳞筛开角为20°时,筛分装置有较高的残膜筛分率,即为87.67%。     

Environmental toxicity identification of ancient smelting slag

The corrosion and extraction toxicity of heavy metal in ancient smelting slag is analyzed. Leaching behavior of heavy metal in smelting slag is discussed through extraction toxicity test of different pH values. The results show that the pH of smelting slag is alkalescence, the heavy metal content is high and the average content of heavy metal (zinc plus plumbum) is up to 6.97%. However, most of heavy metal in smelting slag is in residual state. Its extraction toxicity is low and potential harm for environment is obviously weakened. It indicates that forecasting heavy metal’s potential harm for environment in smelting slag by totalizing method is not accurate. The leachable quantities of heavy metals significantly increase in extremely acidic and alkaline condition. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd are all up to maximum when pH<3. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb and Cr all increase when pH>12, but the extracting amount is lower than that in acidic condition. The leachable quantity of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd is minimal in neutral condition. Under normal rainfall conditions, potential harm for environment of ancient smelting slag is decreased to a lower level. It can be treated according to the requirement for general industrial solid wastes.     

Phosphorus cycling and soil P fractions in Douglas-fir and red alder stands

Nitrogen-fixing species can dramatically increase soil acidity and organic matter content, and potentially alter biogeochemical P dynamics. We compared ecosystem P cycling in adjacent stands of N₂-fixing red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and non-fixing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) in order to determine whether P-cycling rates within stands were related to soil P forms as measured by sequential P fractionation. Above-ground annual P uptake was 61% greater in the red alder stand, although soil available P, as measured by Bray (NH₄F–HCl) extraction, was only 10% of that found in the Douglas-fir stand. Total ecosystem P in the alder stand was only 69% of that found in the Douglas-fir stand, and could indicate a pre-establishment difference between stands. However, the percentage of total soil P released by Bray or NaOH extraction was also lower in the alder stand, which suggests that differences in total P alone did not control the patterns observed in P fractions. Concentrations of inorganic P sorbed to Fe and Al minerals and contained in Fe minerals and apatite were greater under Douglas-fir, while organic P was slightly greater under red alder. While fluxes of P in litterfall, uptake and resorption were 94, 60 and 292% higher in the alder stand, soil extractable fractions meant to represent available P were lower under alder. Static measures of available P do not appear to adequately reflect P supply, and the development of techniques to assess P turnover is needed to better understand cycling and plant availability of P.     

利用EPS-98软件进行药剂毒力分析

利用 EPS- 98软件进行药剂毒力分析 ,具有快捷、方便、功能多 ,提示式问答输入、可检查纠错、结果输出方式多样、输出结果直观易懂等优点 ,可直接获取优化毒力回归式及相关系数、L D5 0及其标准误和置信限、LD95及其标准误等结果     

Phosphorus and potassium depletion by roots of field-grown slash pine: Aerobic and hypoxic conditions

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) is planted extensively on flatwood and coastal savanna soils of the southeastern USA. Pine roots growing in these soils encounter shallow water tables. Although the fine-root system of pine trees growing in the surface 20–26 cm of those soils will not be continuously submerged, they will encounter short-term reduced soil conditions, with a severely reduced O₂ supply which might affect their ability for ion uptake from the soil solution. The objectives were: (i) to compare P and K depletion by lateral root systems of slash pine roots subjected to a short-term hypoxic treatment, and (ii) to document K and P depletion patterns by lateral root systems of slash pine roots following the removal of the hypoxic treatment. Our purpose was to evaluate the uptake ability of these roots of changing aeration. For the experiment, 17 intact lateral roots from twelve-year-old slash pine trees were inserted into nutrient-uptake root chambers. The chambers were filled with a nutrient solution containing 6.25 μM P (phosphate), and 25.66 μM K. P and K depletion rates were monitored in six consecutive treatments, each lasting five days. Treatments of aerobic and hypoxic conditions were sequentially applied in the following order: aerobic–hypoxic–aerobic. This sequence was repeated twice. Uptake of P and K by slash pine roots was affected by oxygen availability, but the degree of response differed. Under hypoxic nutrient solution conditions, K depletion from solution by pine roots was totally inhibited, resulting in net efflux of K. In contrast, P depletion was not inhibited under hypoxic nutrient solution conditions. Results suggest that pine roots grown in aerobic soil conditions of surface horizons are capable of P depletion when reduced soil conditions are present.