草鱼PRL基因多态性与幼鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的关联分析

为了探索草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)PRL(prolactin)基因多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的关联性,通过测序法从10尾草鱼的PRL基因中筛选到6个突变率高于30%的变异位点,包括5个单核苷酸变异位点和1个插入型突变(–/CACTCACTA),分别命名为2551GA、2639GC、3247AG、5197TG、5897GA和3391–+。利用AS-PCR(allele-specific PCR)和基因分型技术对192尾4月龄草鱼的PRL基因变异位点进行检测;基于一般线性模型对变异位点多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分进行相关性分析。研究发现,2639GC、3391–+和5197TG对体长和体重具有显著影响(P0.05),2639GC对肌肉粗蛋白含量具有显著影响(P0.05)。单个位点基因型比较发现,3391–+的突变型(–+和++)个体的体长和体重均显著高于野生型(––)个体(P0.05);2639GC的GC及5197TG的突变型(TG和GG)个体的体长和体重分别显著低于2639GC的GG和5197TG的TT野生型(P0.05);2639GC突变型(CC)个体的粗蛋白含量显著高于2639GC其他基因型(GG和GC)个体(P0.05)。两位点组合比较发现,含3391–+突变型(–+和++)的组合对应体长和体重普遍高于其他组,含2639GC的CC突变型的组合对应粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量普遍较高,其中粗蛋白含量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。研究表明,草鱼PRL基因多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分间存在显著关联,推测相关变异位点可作为草鱼生长和肉质改良的候选辅助标记。     

Is spawning stock biomass a robust proxy for reproductive potential?

Reference points based on fishing mortality (F) and spawning stock biomass (SSB) are a requirement of many fisheries management frameworks. SSB is assumed to be a proxy for stock reproductive potential (SRP). Limit reference points based on SSB are used to indicate the level of biomass below which productivity is affected. SSB fails to account for changes in fecundity, egg viability and sex ratio, and it has been argued that total egg production (TEP) provides a better reflection of SRP. We explore how accounting for TEP impacts limit reference points and evidence for a relationship between stock and recruit. Time series of SSB and TEP are compared for three North Sea stocks: cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupea harengus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Dynamics based on TEP are different from those based on SSB for cod and plaice, but the stock–recruit relationships were not ‘improved’ using TEP. Shifts in productivity (spawner per recruit) occur in all three time series and SSB underestimated uncertainty. Yet again, it was shown that assumptions of stationarity about fish population productivity are incorrect. We argue that the use of TEP does improve the realism in our understanding of stock dynamics, and demographically, more complex management strategy evaluation is required to develop management procedures that are robust to uncertainty and integrate F and the demographic health of a stock. Empirical feedback control systems based on fisheries independent indices including surveys of eggs, larvae, recruits, juveniles or spawning adults should be evaluated and compared to traditional approaches.     

妊娠后期和泌乳期日粮添加生姜、八角和丹参对母猪抗氧化性能和繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠后期和泌乳期日粮中添加生姜、八角和丹参对母猪抗氧化性能和繁殖性能的影响。试验选择胎次一致、平均体重(164.28±1.30) kg的莱芜黑猪妊娠经产母猪36头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理9个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在对照组的基础上分别添加10g/kg姜粉、5g/kg八角粉和10g/kg丹参粉(即Cont.组、GIN组、SA组和DS组)。结果表明,GIN组、SA组和DS组母猪血清中GSH含量、初乳中乳蛋白含量及初乳T-AOC均显著高于Cont.组(P<0.05);GIN组和DS组初乳中乳脂含量均显著高于Cont.组(P<0.05),SA组和DS组初乳中乳糖含量显著高于Cont.组(P<0.05);各处理间窝产活仔数、21 d成活率、仔猪初生窝重和21 d窝重均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加10g/kg生姜、5g/kg八角和10g/kg丹参可提高母猪血清和初乳的抗氧化水平,提高初乳营养价值,但对母猪繁殖性能无影响。     

GnIH与INH表位多肽疫苗主动免疫对甘肃高山细毛羊生殖激素的影响

本试验通过合成促性腺激素类的抑制激素——抑制素(inhibit hormone,INH)与促性腺激素抑制激素(gonadotropin inhibiting hormone,GnIH)的INH表位多肽疫苗和GnIH表位多肽疫苗,主动免疫甘肃高山细毛羊并对促卵泡素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)和促黄体素(luteinizing hormone,LH)激素水平进行比较分析。试验选用15只处在非发情季节的3.5岁的甘肃高山细毛羊,注射INH表位多肽疫苗与GnIH表位多肽疫苗分别为表位多肽疫苗A组和表位多肽疫苗B组,对照组注射等量生理盐水。采血后进行免疫,每隔7 d免疫和采血,同时在发情后每隔15 min采集一次血液,分离血清,用ELISA试剂盒检测抗体水平及FSH和LH激素变化。结果表明,表位多肽疫苗A组和表位多肽疫苗B组在初次免疫后都产生了相应的抗体,且表位多肽疫苗B组较表位多肽疫苗A组产生的抗体浓度高,75 、90、105 min时,表位多肽疫苗B组相对表位多肽疫苗A组显著促进了FSH的分泌水平(P<0.05)。在45~105 min时,表位多肽疫苗B组相对表位多肽疫苗A组显著促进了LH的分泌水平(P<0.05),且在90到105 min时表位多肽疫苗A组和表位多肽疫苗B组血清中FSH和LH的水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,INH表位多肽疫苗和GnIH表位多肽疫苗主动免疫促进了甘肃高山细毛羊的FSH、LH的分泌,GnIH表位多肽疫苗在甘肃高山细毛羊上具有更好的免疫作用,本研究为该表位多肽疫苗在绵羊上的运用奠定了基础。     

低粗蛋白质补充氨基酸日粮对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和蛋白质代谢的影响

选择胎次、预产期、体重相近的妊娠母猪24头,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为3个处理,每个处理设8个重复。对照组饲喂常规饲料,粗蛋白质（CP）水平为14.5%,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ为低CP补充氨基酸日粮,其CP水平分别为12.5%和10.5%。各处理氨基酸水平相同。试验期为从配种后20 d左右确定受孕后开始,直到产仔结束。试验结果表明：①与对照组相比,妊娠母猪采食低CP日粮,对其繁殖性能如总产仔数、活仔数、初生重及背膘厚无显著影响（P>0.05）。②对照组血清尿素氮的含量与试验组Ⅰ差异不显著（P>0.05）,而显著高于试验组Ⅱ（P<0.05）。试验组Ⅰ的血清尿素氮的含量与试验组Ⅱ差异显著（P<0.05）。血糖含量随CP水平的降低有下降的趋势,对照组血糖含量与试验组Ⅰ差异不显著（P>0.05）,而与试验组Ⅱ差异显著（P<0.05）;试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ血糖含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。③饲料CP的表观消化率随着CP的降低有上升的趋势,试验组Ⅰ与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,而试验组Ⅱ显著高于试验组Ⅰ和对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,妊娠母猪采食低CP补充氨基酸日粮,对其繁殖性能及背膘厚无显著影响。     

番茄品种春季大棚栽培评价

针对当地大棚番茄主栽品种单一而生产和消费多元化需求的问题,从国内外引进百利、格雷、雪莉、曼西娜、美杰罗2号、抗线晶美、东粉3号、粉宝等番茄新品种,以强选4号为对照,在杨凌示范区种植,从农艺性状和经济性状方面综合评价,筛选适宜春季塑料大棚栽培品种。结果表明,与对照品种相比,供试品种均植株高大;晚疫病发病较普遍,灰霉病以抗线晶美、曼西娜和格雷较普遍或严重;美杰罗2号、东粉3号、抗线晶美和雪莉的早期产量与对照无显著性差异,百利和东粉3号总产量较高,美杰罗2号、粉宝、格雷、雪莉和抗线晶美的总产量与对照无显著性差异。综合商品性和营养品质较好的品种有美杰罗2号、东粉3号、抗线晶美、粉宝、百利、曼西娜和雪莉。试验认为,美杰罗2号、东粉3号、粉宝和抗线晶美可作为粉红果品种在杨凌地区大棚栽培中示范,并优先选用美杰罗2号和东粉3号;百利作为中型红果品种可以示范种植;曼西娜作为小型红果串收番茄可以示范种植。     

Fitness costs associated with milbemectin resistance in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of a wide range of crops worldwide. Its control is still largely based on the use of acaricides. However, due to its short life-cycle, high fecundity and arrhenotokous reproduction, it is able to develop resistance to these compounds very rapidly. Preliminary studies for milbemectin resistance in T. urticae showed that, under laboratory conditions, such resistance was unstable in the absence of a selection pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible fitness costs associated with milbemectin resistance in T. urticae. Comparison of biological traits between resistant and susceptible strains indicated the occurrence of fitness costs associated with milbemectin resistance. The resistant strain showed a longer juvenile development period for females, lower fecundity and a higher proportion of males among the progeny. The figures for net reproductive rate (R ₀), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m) and finite rate of increase (λ) were higher in the susceptible strain. The instability of milbemectin resistance can be exploited in resistance management programmes.     

抗百菌清单克隆抗体的研制与鉴定

【目的】制备高灵敏、高特异性的百菌清(CTN)单克隆抗体,并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。【方法】将CTN进行化学修饰后引入羟基活性基团,合成具有半抗原结构特征的百菌清衍生物（CTN-OH）;采用N, N-羰基二咪唑法（CDI）将CTN-OH与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和鸡卵清蛋白（OVA）偶联合成人工免疫抗原CTN-BSA和包被抗原CTN-OVA,用紫外分光光度法（UV）和凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）进行鉴定后,免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA测定其多抗血清效价和敏感性,选出效价高、敏感性好的小鼠进行细胞融合,经过多次亚克隆筛选出分泌高敏感的特异性抗CTN单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备抗CTN的单克隆抗体并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。【结果】UV 和SDS-PAGE鉴定结果显示,CTN-BSA成功偶联,间接ELISA检测显示免疫的3只小鼠效价均达1﹕104以上,其中2号小鼠多抗血清敏感性最好,半数抑制浓度IC50为93.593 ng•mL-1,融合后筛选出4株杂交瘤细胞株1E8、1F4、2A10和2E2,其细胞上清效价分别为1﹕1.6×103 、1﹕6×102、1﹕6×102、1﹕6×102,1E8株腹水效价为1﹕5.12×105,抗CTN单克隆抗体对CTN的IC50为21.6685 ng•mL-1,且具有较好的特异性。【结论】本试验成功合成了CTN人工抗原,并制备了敏感性高、特异性好的单克隆抗体,为CTN免疫学快速检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

应用灰色关联度分析法综合评价引进的爪哇稻资源

为了筛选到优异的种质资源用于水稻育种研究,对来自于不同国家和地区的95份爪哇稻分8期播种,考察了株高、穗长、单株穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率和播始历期共8个农艺性状。以超级稻Y两优1号为模型构建的理想品种的农艺性状值为参考序列,利用灰色关联模型,求得理想品种与各爪哇稻的关联度系数,根据关联度系数大小对爪哇稻品种排序。结果表明,爪哇稻各农艺性状既受自身遗传背景的影响,也受外部环境因素的影响,但每个性状受环境因素影响的程度不同。爪哇稻各农艺性状间的密切程度不同,要想提高爪哇稻的结实率,应注重筛选每穗实粒数和单株穗数较高的品种。应用灰色关联度分析法筛选出LABELLE-2、IR71217-24-1-2、IAPAR9、MUAT MENIA 16238、C711098、IRAT 109、MD762、MD756、KIYALEH和PANTIA等综合性状较好的爪哇稻品种。     

Fine Mapping QTLs Affecting Milk Production Traits on BTA6 in Chinese Holstein with SNP Markers

Our previous studies demonstrated that the region around markers BMS470 and BMS1242 on BTA6 showed a linkage to 305-d milk yield and composition traits in the Chinese Holstein population. We herein focused on such narrow region to fine map milk production QTLs with 15 SNPs across 25 Mb with each SNP in 1 Mb within most regions in a Chinese Holstein population with daughter design. 1 449 Holstein cows and 11 sires were genotyped for such SNPs by using TaqMan probe and RFLP assays. Multipoint linkage analysis across family revealed a QTL affecting milk yield between PPARGC1A C4075T and SLC34A2 T1713C. Meanwhile, within family analysis found three milk yield QTLs (two in CR T60984131G-CEP135 C501T and one in PDLIM5 A106C-OPN T3907, a fat yield QTLin UGDH T1670C-CR T60984131G region, and two protein yield QTLs in TBC1D1 G501C-UGDH T1670C and PPARGC1A C4075T-SLC34A2 T1713C, respectively. Associations between aforementioned significant SNP markers and milk production traits were further implemented. We found significant associations of PPARGC1A C4075T, SLC34A2 T1713C with milk yield (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01), UGDH T1670C, and CR T60984131G with fat yield (P<0.01, P<0.01), and PPARGC1A C4075T, SLC34A2 T1713C, UGDH T1670C and OPN T3907 with protein yield (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01). Our findings implied that QTLs affecting milk production traits on BTA6 were pleictropism or multigenic effect and PPARGC1A and OPN may be the causal mutations behind milk production QTLs on BTA6 in the Chinese Holstein population.