肾形肾状线虫的生活史及繁殖能力

为明确肾形肾状线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)的生活史及在植物根部的繁殖情况,以2龄幼虫接种大豆幼苗,定期取样,通过次氯酸钠-酸性品红染色方法系统观察肾形肾状线虫在寄主根内的侵染及发育,同时,以10、100、1 000和10 000条.盆-1 2龄幼虫接种大豆幼苗,80 d后统计土壤中线虫及根系统中雌虫、卵囊和单卵囊内卵的个数,数据采用SAS 9.0软件分析.结果表明:在(27±2)℃条件下,肾形肾状线虫整个生活史约为27 d;80 d后,不同接种量的土壤线虫量、单卵囊内卵的个数,线虫总量及繁殖系数均存在明显差异;根系统中雌虫和卵囊数量、土壤中线虫数量及线虫总量随着接种线虫量的增加而增加,但单卵囊内卵的个数和繁殖系数却随接种量的增加呈降低趋势,其中繁殖系数最大值为140.4,最小值为2.9,最大值约为最小值的48倍;大豆生长受到影响,植株鲜质量和干质量随接种量的增加而减少.     

中华花龟产卵行为观察及其繁殖性能的研究

观察和记录了人工养殖条件下的中华花龟(Ocadia sinensis)的产卵行为,分析了其与繁殖性能的关系,同时就气温对中华花龟产卵量的影响进行了探讨.产卵行为观察表明,中华花龟产卵巢址一般都选择在高出人工搭建的池边产卵场平面21.148(+6.943)cm (n=60)的地方,整个产卵过程可分为6期:第Ⅰ期选巢、第Ⅱ期掘巢穴、第Ⅲ期产卵、第Ⅳ期盖巢穴、第V期护卵和第Ⅵ期回水体,回归关系分析表明,第Ⅲ期时长与窝卵数呈显著正相关.统计分析了6年的气温与产卵情况的关系,结果显示每年12～2月平均气温之和与2月份的产卵量正相关(P＜0.05),12～2月的气温之和决定了中华花龟每年初始产卵的时间.回归关系表明,产卵时长与繁殖性能呈显著正相关,这种选择压力促使雌龟产生质量更好的后代.     

丹顶鹤血浆中生殖激素浓度的初步测定

以盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区人工饲养的丹顶鹤为试验素材 ,以放射免疫测定法 ,对 3对配对成鹤繁殖季节血浆中生殖激素浓度的变化进行初步的测定分析。结果表明 :在产卵的前、中、后期 ,公鹤的促黄体生成素 (LH)、促卵泡素(FSH)、睾酮 (T)和母鹤的LH、FSH、雌二醇 (E2 )均表现出“低高低”的变化趋势 ,而母鹤的促乳素 (PRL)则表现为“低低高” ;在整个繁殖期 ,公鹤血浆中的LH和FSH浓度均高于母鹤。     

香梨优斑螟成虫内生殖系统结构观察

[目的]为明确香梨优斑螟成虫的生殖系统的结构特征。[方法]解剖雌雄成虫的内生殖系统并分析。结果发现：雄虫的内生殖系统主要由1对睾丸愈合为一体的近球状精巢,经输精管与2个储精囊相连,储精囊的下端再经输精管与附腺的前端以及复射精管中部相连,其中复射精管前端与附腺前端相连,其下端与单射精管相连, 单射精管末端接于阳茎。雌虫的内生殖系统由2组各4根卵巢的上端连接与悬带,其下端连接两条侧输卵管,两条侧输卵管下端共同连接一条中输卵管,中输卵管末端连接发达的梨形交配囊、受精囊和附腺囊,其中交配囊、受精囊均与导精管相连,附腺囊与附腺相连。[结论]雄成虫内生殖系统由精巢、2个储精囊、输精管、复射精管、2条附腺及单射精管尾端组成,雌虫的内生殖系统由8根卵巢、2根侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、交配囊及较长的附腺组成。     

汀江似鮈(Pseudogobio vaillanti)生态环境和繁殖特性的调查

2014—2015年对宣成到官庄境内似鮈生活的汀江河段进行实地考察和采样,结果表明该江段水温、溶解氧和pH分别在17.2~28.5℃、7.03~8.63 mg/L和6.75~6.83之间变化;似鮈喜欢栖息多砾石或沙石的环境,一般隐蔽在石缝里。汀江似鮈每年4—7月为繁殖期,产卵盛期为5—6月;性成熟年龄为1~2龄,体重在8.1~56.3 g之间;雌鱼怀卵量为213~550粒/尾,相对繁殖力为20~120粒/g·体重,成熟系数为1.07%~8.37%,雄鱼成熟系数为0.41%~4.85%;产沉性卵,深黄色,卵径为(0.762±0.015)mm。产卵场水深约1.5~2.5 m,溶解氧为7.85~8.41 mg/L,水温为18.6~26.7℃,pH在6.8~7.2之间,底质以沙砾为主。     

褐藻羊栖菜繁殖生物学特征和生活史流程的补充研究

以温州市洞头区人工养殖羊栖菜和野生羊栖菜为研究样本,详细描述了羊栖菜成熟孢子体有性生殖,假根与侧生枝无性生殖的繁殖生物学特征和生活史流程。详细记录了羊栖菜卵、精子和受精卵的减数分裂和有丝分裂过程,假根、茎(主茎和侧生茎)、叶(气囊)和生殖托(雌托和雄托)等4类器官生长、发育和分化过程,胚、幼孢子体和成熟孢子体形态结构特征。在此基础上对现有羊栖菜繁殖生物学特征及生活史流程进行了补充和修正,增加了羊栖菜侧生枝无性生殖和羊栖菜幼孢子体期有性生殖的相关内容,并重新绘制了羊栖菜生活史流程图。该研究结果将为开展羊栖菜养殖生态学研究,深层次解析羊栖菜生殖节律、种群繁衍与环境关系奠定基础。     

香螺雄性生殖系统的显微结构研究

香螺雌雄异体。雄性生殖系统由精巢和生殖导管构成,生殖导管可根据各段的形态和功能分为贮精囊、输精管和阴茎。生精小管内有处于不同发育时期的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞。由生殖腺排入生殖导管的,不具有活动能力。输精管壁有丰富的腺细胞构成,起前列腺的作用.为精子提供营养。精于由头部和尾部构成,具有较长的中段,螺旋线粒体鞘内中央为9 2型轴丝,末段糖原颗粒包围中央轴丝。     

Effect of thermal stress on Hsp70 gene expression and female reproductive performance of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Using Hsp70 as a biomarker, thermal stress impinges on reproductive organs, ovary and hepatopancreas were being analyzed by determining the expression of Hsp70 mRNA inside the organs after the adult inter‐molt females were subjected to thermal treatment at 35, 30 and 28°C (Control). Results showed the expression of Hsp70 mRNA under thermal treatment of 35°C after 2 hr recovery in ovary were upregulated at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hr and 30 days compared to control whereas in hepatopancreas under similar treatment, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA were significantly higher than control at 6, 24 hr and 30 days. Frequency of reproductive molt at 35°C showed the ovary of females were failed to develop and only entered common molt along three consecutive molt cycles. For 30°C thermal treatment, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly higher than control after 2 hr recovery but returned to normal afterwards until 30 days’ thermal treatment. Maternal heat shock for 2 hr at 35°C were found to give significantly lower frequency of reproductive molt and longer duration of ovarian development and incubation period whereas maternal heat shock for 2 hr at 30°C gave lower frequency of reproductive molt, slower development of embryo and lower hatching success compared to untreated control. This study suggests that short and long‐term thermal stress at 30 and 35°C were found to affect the induction of Hsp70 mRNA in reproductive organs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and also influence their reproductive performance.     

Optimal conditions for egg storage, incubation and post-hatching growth for the freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa: Science in support of an indigenous enterprise

Incubation of northern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa) eggs and subsequent sale of hatchlings for the pet industry has the potential to provide culturally suitable employment for indigenous communities in northern Australia. Developmental arrest in response to egg inundation is unique to C. rugosa. Eggs can be stored under water for up to 10 weeks without appreciable impact on egg or embryo survival, allowing the transport and sale of eggs into niche markets without high levels of mortality, and permitting eggs to accumulate in diapause until there are sufficient numbers to incubate as batches. Eggs that are not inundated or inundated for short periods experience similar survival rates to eggs inundated for lengthy periods. Incubation temperature influences embryo survival and development period in C. rugosa. Embryonic survival is greatest at 26 °C, steadily declining as temperature increases to 32 °C. A similar increase in incubation temperature decreases incubation period by approximately 40 days, however almost half of this variation is attributed to the increase in incubation temperature from 26 to 28 °C. Hatchling growth in C. rugosa is characterized by two phases. There is an initial phase of relatively slow growth under the partial influence of initial egg size and incubation duration, followed by a second phase of relatively rapid growth under the partial influence of water temperature and mass at hatching. Post-hatching survival is negatively correlated with duration of egg inundation and water temperature. Evidence suggests that inundation of C. rugosa eggs for 6 weeks, incubation of embryos at 28 °C and raising hatchlings in 28 °C water will yield the best overall outcomes.     

文蛤的性腺发育和生殖周期

应用组织学方法对浙南池塘养殖的文蛤的性腺发育、生殖周期和肥满度进行了周年变化的研究。结果表明,文蛤的性腺发育具有典型双壳贝类特征,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个时期,并对上述5期的宏观肉眼观察特征及微观切片观察特征进行了描述。浙南池塘养殖的文蛤性腺发育过程以1年为1个周期,成熟排放期在5月下旬至8月中旬,水温21.8～31.0℃,繁殖盛期为6月下旬至7月下旬,水温为25.0～30.0℃。月平均肥满度最高为6月份的8.84%,最低为1月份的3.21%。论文还讨论了1龄文蛤性腺发育、文蛤性腺成熟和排放与积温的关系。