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991.
Introducing specific microorganisms into the soil ecological system is an important strategy for improving nutrient use efficiency. Two pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse from December 3, 2012 to January 25, 2013 (Experiment 1) and March 11 to April 23, 2013 (Experiment 2) to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) source and inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth and N and phosphorus (P) uptake in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown on calcareous soils from South Florida, USA. Treatments included urea, controlled release urea (a controlled release fertilizer, CRF) each at low and high N rates and with or without inoculation of PGPR. A mixture of PGPR strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a and Bacillus pumilus T4 was applied to the soil during growing periods of tomato. Treatments with PGPR inoculation increased plant height compared to treatments without PGPR in both experiments. Inoculation with PGPR increased shoot dry weight and shoot N uptake for the same N rate and N source. In both experiments, only at high N rate, CRF and urea treatments with PGPR had significantly (P < 0.05) greater shoot biomass than those without PGPR. Only at high N rate, CRF treatment with PGPR significantly increased shoot N uptake by 39.0% and 10.3% compared to that without PGPR in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Meanwhile, presence of PGPR in the soil increased shoot P uptake for all treatments in Experiment 1 and for most treatments in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, only at low N rate, CRF treatment with PGPR significantly increased shoot P uptake compared with that without PGPR. In Experiment 2, a significant increase in shoot P uptake by inoculation of PGPR was only observed in CRF treatment at high N rate. Results from this study indicate that inoculation with PGPR may increase plant growth and N and P uptake by tomato grown on calcareous soils. However, the effect of PGPR varied and was influenced by many factors such as N source, N rate, and soil fertility. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the effect of PGPR under different soil conditions. 相似文献
992.
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994.
外源铅在土壤中的年际变化及对土壤有机碳矿化和速效养分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以关中土为供试土样进行田间试验,向耕层土壤中添加不同浓度外源铅(Pb0:背景值,CK;Pb1:175 mg·kg~(-1)+背景值;Pb2:350 mg·kg~(-1)+背景值),进行小麦—玉米轮作试验。分别于2011—2013年小麦收获季采集耕层(0~20 cm)土壤,分析土壤中铅全量及有效态铅含量的年际变化,以及铅对小麦-玉米轮作模式下土壤有机碳(SOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的影响。结果表明,三年中,施铅处理下土壤中铅全量及有效态铅含量分别下降13.22%和30.65%,总体呈现逐年下降趋势。与对照(CK)相比,Pb1、Pb2处理下SOC平均含量分别下降了16.30%和11.86%;DOC平均含量分别下降了4.05%和7.34%,与土壤铅含量呈现显著负相关关系;低浓度铅污染下土壤微生物商(q M)显著高于对照土壤,微生物量碳含量变化不显著。此外,土壤速效养分的分析显示,土壤碱解氮含量在外源铅加入初期下降明显,且在Pb1处理下碱解氮减少量最大;土壤速效磷含量随土壤铅含量增加而呈现下降趋势;土壤速效钾含量则随土壤铅含量的增加而增加。试验表明,外源铅的加入影响了土壤有机碳的稳定性,对土壤碳、氮循环产生了一定的影响;能够与土壤溶液中的磷酸根生成难溶性盐,与土壤胶体或土壤矿物晶格中的K+发生置换,加大土壤速效养分的流失风险。 相似文献
995.
长期定位施肥对旱作农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于田间定位试验,研究了长期施肥对旱作冬小麦农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响,试验包括4个处理:不施肥(CK)、氮磷配施(NP)、化肥与有机肥配施(NPM)以及长期休闲地(BL)。结果表明:长期持续施肥30年后,在0~30 cm土层,NPM处理土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、潜在矿化碳以及碳库管理指数分别较CK提高了42.2%、55.9%、40.9%和40.0%(P0.05),NP处理土壤有机碳和微生物量碳与CK差异不显著,潜在矿化碳和碳库管理指数分别提高了29.1%和20.0%(P0.05),施肥对两种活性有机碳含量的影响在15~30 cm土层表现更加显著;与种植作物相比,长期休闲显著降低了土壤潜在矿化碳含量,BL处理较CK降低了20.5%(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳、潜在矿化碳、微生物量碳以及碳库管理指数两两之间存在着显著的相关性,且有机碳组分含量与土壤有机碳含量在处理间变化具有一致性(除NP处理外),两种活性有机碳相对含量在各处理间差异均不显著。总的来说,长期持续施入有机肥能够有效地增加旱作农田土壤有机碳同时增加其活性组分,有助于培肥地力和土壤固碳。 相似文献
996.
Petra Kahle Christel Baum Barbara Boelcke Josefine Kohl Roland Ulrich 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(5):737-746
Short‐rotation forestry (SRF) on arable soils has high potentials for biomass production and leads to long‐term no‐tillage management. In the present study, the vertical distributions of soil chemical and microbial properties after 15 y of SRF with willows and poplar (Salix and Populus spp.) in 3‐ and 6‐year rotations on an arable soil were measured and compared to a pertinent tilled arable site. Two transects at different positions in the relief (upper and lower slope; transect 1 and 2) were investigated. Short‐rotation forestry caused significant changes in the vertical distribution of all investigated soil properties (organic and microbial C, total and microbial N, soil enzyme activities), however, the dimension and location (horizons) of significant effects varied. The rotation periods affected the vertical distribution of the soil properties within the SRF significantly. In transect 1, SRF had higher organic‐C concentrations in the subsoil (Bv horizon), whereas in transect 2, the organic‐C concentrations were increased predominantly in the topsoil (Ah horizon). Sufficient plant supply of P and K in combination with decreased concentrations of these elements in the subsoil under SRF pointed to an effective nutrient mobilization and transfer from the deeper soil horizons even in the long term. In transect 1, the microbial‐C concentrations were higher in the B and C horizons and in transect 2 in the A horizons under SRF than under arable use. The activities of β‐glucosidases and acid phosphatases in the soil were predominantly lower under SRF than under arable use in the topsoil and subsoil. We conclude, that long‐term SRF on arable sites can contribute to increased C sequestration and changes in the vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in the topsoil and also in the subsoil. 相似文献
997.
甘肃白猪繁殖性状的遗传分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
那森 《甘肃农业大学学报》1995,30(1):28-33
为研究甘肃白猪繁殖性状的遗传规律,估测了该品种4个品群繁殖性状的重复力、遗传力和性状间的遗传相关,并对其有关性状间的相互关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
998.
应用光镜和透射电镜观察12峰雌性双峰驼生殖道粘膜免疫组织和细胞的结构与分布。结果显示,输卵管、子宫和阴道的粘膜上皮以及子宫腺上皮内普遍分布着上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL),尤其在子宫颈后段和阴道前段的上皮中可见淋巴细胞浸润现象。从输卵管伞到阴道,固有膜内分布有数量不等的固有层淋巴细胞(LPL)、浆细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞,在子宫角、子宫体和子宫颈固有膜中还出现淋巴小结,小结内含有一种成群分布的强嗜伊红细胞,细胞大而有突起。子宫颈粘膜上皮和腺上皮内还见嗜中性粒细胞,这些细胞有时充满于子宫颈腺腔内。在子宫(尤其子宫角)固有膜深层和浅肌层分布着成群的肥大细胞,肥大细胞在孕驼子宫内明显减少。母驼生殖道粘膜形成的众多皱襞和腺体大大增加了上皮表面积,进而增大了粘膜免疫组织和细胞的数量。结果提示,双峰驼生殖道具有强大的粘膜免疫功能。 相似文献
999.
Guanglei CHEN Jiahui YUAN Shenqiang WANG Yuting LIANG Dengjun WANG Yiyong ZHU Yu WANG 《土壤圈》2024,34(1):44-51
Stoichiometry plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and can modulate soil nutrient availability and functions. In agricultural ecosystems,phosphorus(P) fertilizers(organic or chemical) are often applied to achieve high crop yields. However, P is readily fixed by soil particles, leading to low P use efficiency. Therefore, understanding the role of carbon:nitrogen:P stoichiometries of soil and microorganisms in soil P transformation is of great significance for P management in agriculture.... 相似文献
1000.
邢凤;张朝阳;廖秋萍;孔正权 《四川农业大学学报》2017,35(3):414-419
【目的】检测多浪羊与和田羊初情期启动过程中血清4种生殖激素(E2,FSH、LH、P4)的变化规律,为研究绵羊的初情期启动机制提供理论依据。【方法】利用公羊试情等方法对40只多浪羊与40只和田羊初情期年龄进行了鉴定;利用放射免疫分析技术对这2种绵羊2月龄、3月龄、初情期前、初情期(早期、中期、后期)、初情期后血清4种生殖激素的变化规律进行测定。【结果】多浪羊达到初情期的年龄约在4月龄,和田羊达到初情期的年龄约在8月龄。在幼年期至初情期的发育过程中,2种绵羊4种生殖激素变化趋势相似。多浪羊2月龄、3月龄血清E2浓度均显著高于和田羊(P<0.05);多浪羊3月龄(初情期前)、初情期早期、中期血清FSH浓度均显著高于和田羊(P<0.05),初情期后期血清P4浓度显著高于和田羊(P<0.05)。多浪羊初情期后血清FSH、LH、P4浓度均显著高于和田羊(P<0.05)。【结论】多浪羊初情期前高水平的E2、FSH可能与其初情期启动早相关,初情期后高水平的FSH浓度可能与其排卵数多、多胎性相关。 相似文献