猪肾上皮细胞SLA-1基因的克隆及分子结构特征分析

【目的】利用猪肾上皮细胞15(PK15)建立系统的猪白细胞抗原1(SLA-1)抗原表位筛选系统。【方法】提取PK15细胞总RNA,设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增SLA-1基因(SLA-1*PK15),将该基因克隆到pMD18-T载体上,并进行双酶切及测序鉴定;利用DNAMAN 5.2.2、Mega 5.0、Multalin及同源建模进行系统进化树、二级结构、三级结构分析。【结果】RT-PCR扩增获得约1 400 bp条带,质粒提取和酶切鉴定结果表明SLA-1成功插入pMD18-T载体;测序结果证实该基因共1 419 bp,其中2-1 087 bp为编码区,共编码361个氨基酸,信号肽为21个氨基酸,符合SLA-1基因特征。进化树分析结果显示,SLA-1*PK15与SLA-1*wxd(中国梅山猪)和SLA-1*0401(中国巴马小型猪)进化关系最近,而与SLA-1*lr02(丹麦长白猪)及SLA-1*0509(中国西藏野猪)进化关系较远。胞外区氨基酸比较分析表明,PK15细胞SLA-1基因与其他SLA-1基因胞外区主要变异位点存在于α1区和α2区,α3区的变异位点较少,无特征性...     

Clinical outcomes in cats with renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy: A retrospective study

Renal carcinomas (RC) are uncommonly encountered in feline medicine. Limited information regarding clinical presentation and postoperative outcomes is available. The purpose of this multi-institutional, retrospective study was to describe the presenting features and clinical outcomes of cats with RC undergoing nephrectomy. Thirty-six client-owned cats were included. Medical records from participating institutions were searched to identify cats that had a histopathologic diagnosis of RC and underwent nephrectomy from January 2001 to October 2021. The most common presenting complaints were weight loss (36.1%) and hyporexia (30.6%). Based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings, eight cats had suspected metastasis at the time of surgery (22.2%). Twenty-eight cats survived to discharge (77.8%). Median progression free interval (PFI) could not be determined, as only six cats developed suspected recurrence (16.7%) and seven cats developed suspected metastasis (19.4%). The all-cause median survival time (MST) was 203 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84, 1379 days). When cases that died prior to discharge were excluded, MST increased to 1217 days (95% CI: 127, 1641 days). One-year, two-year, and three-year survival rates were all 40.4%. Neither renal tumour histologic subtype nor the presence of preoperative azotemia, anaemia, erythrocytosis, haematuria, or suspected metastasis at diagnosis were found to influence survival. For cats surviving to discharge, prolonged survival times were possible. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other potential prognostic factors, the utility of postoperative adjuvant treatment, and to identify cats at-risk of mortality in the perioperative period.     

Toll样受体7基因敲除对水疱性口炎病毒增殖的影响

【目的】 探究敲除Toll样受体7（Toll-like receptor 7，TLR7）基因对水疱性口炎病毒（Vesicular stomatitis virus，VSV）复制的影响。【方法】 利用慢病毒介导的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建TLR7基因敲除的稳定猪肾上皮细胞（porcine renal epithelial cells，PK15）系。通过构建pTLR7-sgRNA重组质粒并转染至HEK293T/17细胞，收获慢病毒并感染PK15细胞，经嘌呤霉素筛选后得到PK15-TLR7^-/-多克隆细胞，并在Western blotting鉴定后通过有限稀释法获得PK15-TLR7^-/-单克隆稳定细胞系。为验证敲除TLR7基因稳定细胞系是否构建成功，分别利用光学显微镜和细胞毒性检测（cell counting kit 8，CCK-8）观察并检测PK15、PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞的形态与活力；利用荧光倒置显微镜和流式细胞术观察VSV-GFP感染PK15、PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞后病毒增殖情况；利用Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR分别检测VSV-GFP感染PK15、PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞后GFP蛋白和VSV-N基因mRNA水平的表达情况；利用病毒滴度检测VSV-GFP感染PK15、PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞后子代病毒产生情况。【结果】 采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建的3种sgRNA均对TLR7进行了有效的编辑，其中sgRNA2的基因编辑效率最高，但敲除TLR7基因并不影响PK15细胞的形态及活力；当感染VSV-GFP后，通过荧光显微镜观察发现，荧光强度随着时间逐次增加，且PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞的GFP荧光强度强于PK15细胞。流式细胞术检测结果显示，相同时间点的PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞感染VSV-GFP的比例显著或极显著高于PK15细胞（P<0.05；P<0.01）；实时荧光定量PCR结果表明，感染4~36 h VSV-N基因mRNA相对表达量随着时间逐渐增加，且PK15细胞中VSV-N基因的mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著低于PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞（P<0.05；P<0.01）；Western blotting结果表明，PK15与PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞中的VSV-GFP GFP蛋白均从6 h开始表达，表达量随时间逐渐增多，且在PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞中VSV-GFP GFP蛋白含量比PK15细胞更高；感染VSV-GFP 6 h后子代病毒开始释放，此时PK15细胞中VSV-GFP子代病毒滴度低于PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞（P>0.05），但PK15细胞中VSV-GFP子代病毒滴度随着感染时间的增加显著或极显著低于PK15-TLR7^-/-细胞（P<0.05；P<0.01）。【结论】 TLR7基因的敲除可以促进VSV在PK15细胞中的复制，初步验证了TLR7在天然免疫中的作用，为VSV等RNA病毒性疾病的防控提供新思路。     

Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome outbreaks in China using R-INLA

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a category B infectious disease caused by Hantavirus infection, which can cause acute kidney injury and has a high mortality rate. At present, China is the country most severely afflicted by HFRS in the world, and it is critical to carry out efficient HFRS prevention and management in a scientific and accurate manner. The study used data on the incidence of HFRS in mainland China from 2015 to 2018, built a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal distribution model, and applied the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation algorithm to analyse the factors influencing the development of HFRS, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, and the threshold exceedance locations. The results revealed that the woodland and grassland area (RR = 1.357, 95% CI: 1.005–1.791), economic level (RR = 1.299, 95% CI: 1.007–1.649), and traffic level (RR = 2.442, 95% CI: 1.825–3.199) were all significantly and positively associated with the development of HFRS, with traffic level having the strongest promoting effect. The seasonal cycle was obvious in time, with peaks in May–June and October–December each year, most notably in November. Spatially, there was a south-heavy north-light trend, with a high risk of incidence largely in places rich in mountain and forest vegetation, of which Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Jiangxi provinces continuing to have a high incidence in recent years, and the evolution of the epidemic in Hubei and Hunan was becoming more serious. When the early warning threshold was set at 0.2, the detection impact was best, and Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hainan, and Tianjin were positioned near the critical point of the exceedance threshold with the highest risk of incidence. It is recommended that the relevant managers call for active vaccination of outdoor workers, such as those working in agriculture and construction sites, implement rat prevention and extermination before winter arrives, and warn high-risk and medium-high-risk areas to conduct early outbreak surveillance. Move the prevention and control gates forward based on the exceedance threshold for doing preventive and control detection and epidemic research and judgement work.