牛MSTN基因克隆及编码区E1-224-A〉C定点突变前后生物信息学对比分析

牛肌肉生长抑制素（Myostatin,MSTN）主要是骨骼肌生长发育的负调节因子,能够限制肌纤维的增粗增大,其前两个外显子共同编码N-端前肽,第三外显子编码C-端多肽。突变其前肽编码序列会阻止牛MSTN基因表达蛋白与相应受体的结合,导致MSTN功能失活,促进肌肉增值,但具体突变位点仍未确定。本研究设计特定的引物对牛MSTN基因编码区进行PCR扩增并进行了克隆及测序,并假定牛MSTN基因编码序列发生E1-224-A〉C点突变,通过生物信息学的方法,对牛MSTN基因突变前后编码产物的理化性质、结构与功能进行了对比分析,为MSTN基因结构与功能的研究奠定了基础。     

福建黄兔线粒体基因组全序列测定与分析

福建黄兔是中国优良的小型兼用品种，从线粒体水平分析福建黄兔在兔形目动物中的系统发育地位，对探究其起源、进化和种群分类具有重要意义。利用PCR高保真扩增技术和生物信息学软件对福建黄兔线粒体基因组进行获取、拼接与注释。结果发现福建黄兔线粒体基因组全长17 000 bp(Genbank No.MN518689)，主要包括tRNA基因（22个）、rRNA基因（2个）、蛋白编码基因（13个）和控制区（1个）4 部分，基因排列紧密。除控制区，共存在37个编码基因，有9个基因由轻链（L链）编码，其余28个编码基因均由重链（H链）编码。22个tRNA基因中，除 tRNA-Ser(AGY)基因由于缺失DHU臂不能形成三叶草结构外，其余21种tRNA基因均可折叠形成经典的三叶草结构。控制区含有3种结构域：延长终止序列区（ETAS1和ETAS2）、中央保守区、保守序列区（CSB1、CSB2和CSB3），其中，CSB1和CSB2间存在200 bp的短重复序列，CSB3和tRNA-Phe间存在306 bp的长重复序列。基于线粒体基因组控制区序列构建10 种兔形目动物的系统进化树，结果表明福建黄兔起源于穴兔，支持将福建黄兔划归为穴兔属。     

高寒地区苦荞农艺性状及生产性能评价

为探索不同地区苦荞在高寒地区的农艺性状及生产性能,采用多重比较及聚类分析法分析了7个地区13种苦荞的农艺性状及生产性能。结果表明不同地区苦荞的农艺性状及生产性能差异显著(P0.05),云苦荞2号和晋苦荞2号的农艺性状及生产性能优于其他品种;聚类分析将13个荞麦样品分成2组,在一定程度上体现了荞麦资源的道地性特征,反映了不同苦荞品种的农艺性状及生产性能与亲缘关系之间有一定的联系。     

陕北丘陵沟壑区畜牧业发展问题研究

陕北丘陵沟壑区是陕北水土流失最严重的区域,也是国家黄土高原综合治理的主要区域。由于生态建设的需要,以放牧为主的畜牧业面临挑战。本文在对陕北丘陵沟壑区畜牧业发展现状和存在问题调查研究的基础上,分析了该区粮食生产对畜牧业的影响,提出了陕北丘陵沟壑区不同种类家畜发展的方向及畜牧业发展总体思路：陕北丘陵沟壑区应以舍饲养羊为主,全面发展各种适宜舍饲的畜禽品种;以生态建设和经济发展为目标,促进陕北畜牧业可持续发展。     

Characterization of the bovine immunoglobulin lambda light chain constant IGLC genes

To characterize the bovine immunoglobulin lambda light chain constant region (IGLC) genes, we have isolated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone by a PCR based approach from a bovine genomic DNA library, constructed using a genital ridge cell line derived from a male Holstein fetus. The positive BAC clone, containing the bovine IGLC genes, was fully sequenced and had a 138 kb insert. Sequence analysis revealed that the bovine immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus consisted of four joining-constant gene recombination units spanning approximately 20 kb DNA in length. A detailed examination of the recombination signal sequences, RNA splicing sites and coding sequences of the four joining-constant gene recombination units suggested that only two IGLC genes (IGLC2 and IGLC3) were functional while the IGLC1 and IGLC4 appeared to be pseudogenes. This conclusion was further confirmed by a series of RT-PCR amplifications, which also showed that among these four genes the IGLC3 was preferentially expressed in cattle. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the bovine IGLC genes were more closely related to their equivalents in sheep and goats than that to other mammals.     

Outbreak of acute bovine viral diarrhea in Brazilian beef cattle: clinicopathological findings and molecular characterization of a wild-type BVDV strain subtype 1b

When first described in 1946, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) was characterized as an acute transmissible disease associated with severe leucopenia, high fever, depression, diarrhea, gastrointestinal erosions, and hemorrhages. Recently the severe acute form has been related only to some hypervirulent BVDV-2 strains. This article reports the detection of BVDV-1b associated with an acute and fatal outbreak of BVD in a Brazilian beef cattle herd. Depression, anorexia, watery diarrhea, sialorrhea, and weakness were observed in six steers. One of these animals was evaluated for laboratorial, clinical, and pathological alterations. Laboratory findings were non-specific; clinically, the animal was weak, with dehydration and erosive oral lesions. Pathological alterations were predominant at the tongue, esophagus, and rumen. A RT-PCR assay using primers to partially amplify the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of the BVDV genome was performed and identified BVDV in all clinical samples analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of BVDV derived from lymph node revealed that this strain was clustered within the BVDV subtype 1b. This differentiating was only possible to be performed by molecular characterization since both clinical presentation and pathologic findings were similar to BVDV-2 infection.     

Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.     

甘肃省不同区域人工草地土壤肥力特征研究

以甘肃省不同区域人工草地土壤样品为研究对象,测定12个不同区域[民乐县(ML1、ML2)、安定区(AD)、通渭县(TW1、TW2、TW3、TW4)、宁县(NX1、NX2)、靖远县(JY1、JY2、JY3)]人工草地土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效氮、速效钾。结果表明:AD的p H值最大,JY3的pH值最小;TW2有机质含量最高,AD有机质含量最低,TW2较AD提高了78.95%,在TW2种植陇东苜蓿对土壤有机质影响大;TW2、TW3速效氮含量较高,约为AD速效氮含量的3倍,在TW2、TW3种植陇东苜蓿对土壤速效氮影响大;JY2速效钾含量是AD的3倍,TW2速效钾的含量最低,在JY2种植陇东苜蓿对速效钾影响大;ML1、ML2速效磷含量较高,NX1、NX2速效磷含量较小,在NX1、NX2种植陇东苜蓿对土壤速效磷影响小;TW2全氮含量最高,较AD提高了85.07%,在TW2种植陇东苜蓿对土壤全氮影响大。综合分析结果显示,TW2土样的关联度值最大(0.787 9),综合肥力最好,为最优土样;NX2土样的关联度最小(0.500 7),综合肥力最差。     

甘肃荒漠灌区播量和行距对紫花苜蓿营养价值的影响

播量和行距是实现紫花苜蓿高产和优质的重要栽培技术措施。为此,采用裂区设计,以播量(12.0、16.0、20.0、24.0 kg·hm^-2)为主处理,3个等行距(10、15、20 cm)和2个不等行距(60 cm+40 cm间距、60 cm+30 cm间距,60 cm即种植6行,行距10 cm)为副处理,连续3年在甘肃荒漠灌区研究播量和行距对紫花苜蓿叶茎比和营养价值的影响。结果表明,播量和行距对叶茎比无显著影响,对营养价值有一定影响。其中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷含量随播量、行距的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,3年平均粗蛋白含量在播量为16.0 kg·hm^-2,行距为20 cm时最高(20.06%),粗脂肪含量在播量为16.0 kg·hm^-2,行距为15 cm时最大(3.42%),钙含量在播量为20.0 kg·hm^-2,行距为20 cm时达到峰值(1.65%),磷含量在播量分别为12.0、16.0和20.0 kg·hm^-2,行距均为20 cm时最高(0.19%);中性、酸性洗涤纤维含量随播量增加呈降低趋势,随行距增加呈增加趋势,且中性洗涤纤维含量在播量为24.0 kg·hm^-2,行距为10 cm时最低(31.74%),酸性洗涤纤维含量在播量为24.0 kg·hm^-2,行距为15 cm时最小(25.64%);相对饲喂价值随播量的增加呈增大趋势,随行距的增加呈先升高后降低趋势,其值在播量为16.0 kg·hm^-2,行距为20 cm时最高(208.64%)。相同播量和行距下,紫花苜蓿营养价值受生长年限的影响。综合分析结果显示,播量为20.0 kg·hm^-2、行距为20 cm是该地区的最佳播量和行距,有利于提高紫花苜蓿的营养价值。     

丘陵山区土地整理土方量计算的研究

探讨丘陵山区的土地整理,根据特殊的地理特征,应采取小局部平整方案,并根据该方案推导出土方量的计算公式.并以山东省栖霞市桃村镇土地整理项目为具体案例介绍了土方量计算的详细步骤.