陆地棉体细胞胚的白化与植株再生的关系

通过对棉花体细胞胚胎发育过程的观察发现，其发育的四个时期即球形期，心形期，鱼雷期和子叶期均有白化现象。成熟期的白色叶胚比绿色子叶胚在成苗培养基上生长快，且形成再生植株的频率高。     

酱油渣不溶性膳食纤维的功能特性及其应用研究

研究酱油渣中不溶性膳食纤维的膨胀性、持水能力、持油性、亚硝酸根离子吸附性,以及阳离子交换能力等功能特性,及其在桃酥中的应用。结果表明,酱油渣不溶性膳食纤维具有较好的膨胀性、持水能力、持油性和一定的阳离子交换能力,对亚硝酸根离子的吸附性能随着时间的增加而增大,120min时的吸附性趋于饱和,吸附率高达83.24%,且在酸性条件下的吸附性能更佳。应用实验表明,在桃酥中添加适量的酱油渣不溶性膳食纤维,不仅对桃酥的口感、色泽及组织形态等方面的影响较小,而且其保健功能有很大的提高。     

大蕉幼雄花易碎胚性愈伤组织长期继代培养及其植株再生

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4～5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上长期增殖。这些继代培养了6年多的松软易碎的胚性愈伤组织转移到含有0.2 mg/L 6-BA的分化培养基中,可诱导出芽,得到了53株再生植株,这些再生植株可进一步扩大繁殖。组织学切片证明长期继代培养的愈伤组织维持了胚性的状态。     

植物激素表油菜素内酯对小麦生理特性及产量的影响

于小麦孕穗期到灌浆期喷洒低浓度的表油菜素内脂(Brassinolide 简称BR) 能引起小麦生理特性和产量性状的变化.BR能加速灌浆后旗叶可溶性总糖的运转,提高灌浆中的子粒活度;减少逆境条件下体内游离氨和腐胺的积累量,增强植株抗青枯能力,降低不育小穗数,提高结实率和粒重,使小麦增产10%左右.     

基于专利分析的全球农药残留检测技术发展态势研究

农药残留检测对于保障农产品质量安全具有重要意义。针对其专利密集的产业特点,依托Patsnap全球专利数据库,通过IPC国际分类号与关键词相结合依次开展初步检索、扩展检索与补充检索,检索共获得全球116个国家和地区的23 281条农残检测领域技术专利,其中发明与实用新型专利分别为21 422与1 859条。基于检索结果进行专利分析,由国际、国内两个层面分别从专利构成、法律状态、年度申请趋势、专利授权率、国别（省市）分布、技术分支及申请人分布特征等多维度评估农残检测技术创新现状与发展态势。评估显示：全球农残检测相关专利申请整体呈震荡上升且地域分布差异明显的态势;传统检测技术面临发展瓶颈,生物化学、基因及遗传工程、有机合成将是农残检测技术发展的主导方向;中国农残检测专利申请量大但整体技术水平不高,部分尖端技术领域“卡脖子”问题依然突出,提高专利总体质量、力争打破欧美技术垄断将是未来工作的重点。     

电液负载敏感负载口独立多模式切换控制能效研究

针对传统电液控制系统单一工作模式能耗高、效率低等问题,提出了一种负载口独立多模式切换控制系统。该系统基于负载口独立控制,通过改变传统液压回路连接方式,为系统拓展多种节能工作模式并设计了多模式切换控制器。该控制器首先根据负载方向和速度方向,将系统切换至能量最优的工作模式;然后再根据工作模式为执行器进、出口配置最佳阀控策略,而泵控方式采用电液负载敏感方法使系统压力适应负载压力。为验证该系统在出口压力损失和能量再生两方面的节能效果,以传统电液负载敏感系统为对比对象,在小型挖掘机上进行了实验验证,并评估能效。实验结果证明,与传统电液负载敏感系统相比,采用负载口独立多模式切换控制方法在不降低运动跟踪性能的同时,能有效提高系统的能量效率,节能率达21.95%。     

基于微波自由空间测量的小麦含水率检测方法

为了实现小麦含水率的快速检测,采用微波自由空间测量法研究了信号频率(1～4 GHz)、温度(10～40℃)、含水率(11. 35%～17. 79%)和容积密度(低、高)对小麦相对介电常数的影响,分析了影响相对介电常数变化的原因,建立了不同频率下小麦含水率的预测模型,并对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明,在1～4 GHz频段内,小麦的相对介电常数随含水率、温度和容积密度的增大而增大,随着信号频率的增大而减小;所建立的支持向量机模型取得了很好的预测效果,对比于单频和多频,全频下的预测模型最优,其预测集相关系数、预测集均方根误差和剩余预测偏差分别达到了0. 992 9、0. 051 3%和18. 67。研究表明,微波自由空间法可用于检测小麦含水率。     

淀粉胶生物质炭基氮肥制备及其缓释特性分析

以生物质炭为载体,与自制改性淀粉胶黏剂、尿素进行复合,利用万能力学试验机和自制成型模具制备颗粒缓释肥料,研究水分添加量、成型压力、炭肥比及胶黏剂添加量4个因素对颗粒肥料抗压性能和缓释性能的影响。结果表明:对于纯炭粉成型,当水分含量为10%、成型温度为45℃、成型压力为6k N时,成型颗粒的抗压强度达到最大;尿素与炭粉混合后成型可以增加颗粒强度,当稻壳炭-尿素(即炭肥比)为5:1时,在同样成肥条件下,肥料颗粒的抗压强度最大;改性淀粉胶黏剂可进一步增加肥料颗粒强度,当胶黏剂添加量为5%时,肥料颗粒的抗压强度达到最大。不同配比条件下制备的缓释肥料,其氮素累积释放规律符合"S"型释放模型,添加胶黏剂制备的缓释肥的缓释性能明显优于传统的尿素肥料,以胶黏剂添加量为5%时缓释效果最佳。     

Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.