Factors Affecting Fertility According to the Postpartum Period in Crossbred Dual-Purpose Suckling Cows in the Tropics

To determine the relationship between first service conception rate (FSC) and the postpartum period (PP), 6160 calvings from 2250 crossbred dual-purpose cows were analysed. The effects of breed predominance (BT: Bos taurus and BI: Bos indicus), season of service (dry, intermediate and humid), parity (1 or 2 and more), agroecological region (Sub-humid and Dry Tropical Forest) and milk production were studied. The postpartum period was grouped according to the calving–first service interval as G1 ≤ 60 days (n = 1889); G2 > 60 ≤ 90 days (n = 1436); G3 > 90 ≤ 120 days (n = 1030); and G4 > 120 days (n = 1805). Data were analysed by chi-squared test. The overall mean for FSC was 58.2% and was lower in G1 (p < 0.01). All PP showed a breed effect on FSC, with mean values of 61.6% and 53.3% for BI and BT, respectively. Season of service also affected FSC, which was significantly lower during the humid period: 51.2% versus 57.4% and 61.5% for the intermediate and dry periods (p < 0.01), respectively. Parity and environmental effects were not observed on FSC. Levels of milk yield did influence the FSC, which decreased from 66.7% and 61.0% for milk yields of < 1500 kg and between 1501 and 2000 kg to 46.0% in milk yields > 2000 kg (p < 0.01).     

Hematologic reference intervals for koi (Cyprinus carpio), including blood cell morphology, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure

BACKGROUND: Hematologic data are used routinely in the health care of humans and domestic mammals. Similar data for fish are largely fragmentary or have not been collected. OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose of this study was to determine hematologic reference intervals for koi, an ornamental strain of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Secondarily, the morphology, cytochemical reactions, and ultrastructure of koi blood cells were characterized. METHODS: A CBC was performed manually on heparin-anticoagulated blood specimens using Natt and Herrick's diluent and a Neubauer-ruled hemacytometer. Leukocyte differential counts were done on Wright-Leishman- and Diff-Quik-stained blood smears. Cytochemical reactions of koi leukocytes were determined using commercial kits. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to characterize the ultrastructural features of koi blood cells. RESULTS: Hematologic reference intervals were established for healthy koi for PCV (30-34%), hemoglobin concentration (6.3-7.6 g/dL), RBC count (1.7-1.9 X 10(6)/ microL), WBC count (19.8-28.1 X 10(3)/ microL), RBC indices, and differential leukocyte counts. Lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte (accounting for up to 80% of all leukocytes), whereas eosinophils were rare. Basophils were positive with PAS staining. Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase activity was observed only in eosinophils. alpha-Naphthyl butyrate esterase and beta-glucuronidase activities were positive in monocytes. Some lymphocytes were reactive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and acid phosphatase activity. Ultrastructurally, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes were identified on the basis of cytoplasmic organelles and granule appearance. CONCLUSION: Hematologic reference intervals and knowledge of the cytochemical reactions and ultrastructural characteristics of koi leukocytes will help standardize hematologic studies in this species.     

泾河上游典型站近45年参考作物蒸散量变化特征

为了更好地探讨泾河上游地区植被耗水的变化情况,利用泾河上游4个典型站点近45 a的逐日气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式,计算了日参考作物蒸散量,并对ETo的日、月、年值的变化特征进行了分析,同时分析了影响ET0的主要气候因子.结果表明:泾河上游ET0的日均值和月均值与大气温度、日照时数等气象要素均达到极显著相关,与风速的相关程度最低,ET0日变化和月变化均呈现为相似的单峰型变化趋势,峰值出现在夏季7月份.近45年来,只有隆德ET0年值呈显著性增加,其他站ET0年值变化不明显.固原的夏季,隆德的冬、夏、秋季的ET0呈显著性变化,其他站各季节变化均不明显.     

中国美利奴羊(新疆型)皮肤组织GAPDH基因实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立

【目的】建立GAPDH内参基因实时荧光定量PCR方法,为进一步研究中国美利奴羊(新疆型)相关基因的定量表达奠定基础。【方法】采用中国美利奴羊(新疆型)皮肤组织为试材,根据Genebank中绵羊GAPDH基因序列,设计并合成一对引物,建立基于SYBR Green I染料技术的Real-Time PCR检测体系,绘制出标准曲线并对其熔解曲线分析。【结果】以cDNA为模板建立的标准曲线循环阈值(Ct)与标准cDNA模板在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,GAPDH基因标准曲线中模板拷贝数(X)与Ct值的关系为Ct=一3.679 51g/X+35.648,相关系数R=0.999 8;试验重复性好,批内和批间变异系数(CV%)分别为0.22%～3.45%和1.30%～4.89%。【结论】所建立的方法具有快速、线性范围广、重复性强等特点,GAPDH可作为内参基因用于绵羊相关基因的定量表达研究。     

Study on Library ＇Big Reference＇ Service System

结合图书馆参考咨询交互过程在读者可感知参考咨询服务质量,在建立图书馆资源整合与新技术运用相融合的基础之上,指出参考咨询工作应树立＂大咨询＂的概念,服务内容由文献流程驱动向读者需求驱动转变,服务方式呈现复合型和集成型发展趋势,即传统信息咨询、数字参考咨询、个性化信息咨询及知识增值服务等服务方式,并以数据挖掘、知识管理为特征,为读者解决其需要解决的问题,促进图书馆参考咨询不断的发展。     

玉米DUS测试标准品种在华南亚热带生态区的表现与优化

通过大田试验,对玉米DUS测试指南中的37份标准品种在华南亚热带生态区广州测试站的表现与玉米DUS测试指南中的代码和描述进行了差异性分析。结果表明,玉米测试指南中的35个测试性状中有29个性状的符合系数大于0.95、占82.86%,其中散粉期、雄穗小穗密度、雄穗一级侧枝数目和籽粒排列形式这4个性状的符合系数为1.00;符合系数小于0.95的6个性状均为数量性状,并进一步对这6个性状的14个表达状态的标准品种进行了进一步的优化。     

非线性二阶阻尼微分方程的区间振动准则

给出非线性二阶阻尼微分方程新的振动准则,它们仅依赖于区间[t0,∞)的某些子区间序列的信息,不需要依赖于整个半直线,所得结果推广和改进了某些最近的结果.     

没食子酸辛酯标准样品的研制

研究了没食子酸辛酯标准样品的制备、均匀性和稳定性及其定值试验。将没食子酸辛酯工业品用无水乙醇溶解,再用纯水稀释后重结晶,得到高纯度的没食子酸辛酯标准样品。没食子酸辛酯含量测定采用液相色谱面积归一化法。所研制的没食子酸辛酯标准样品通过了均匀性检验和稳定性检验(6个月)。经定值检测,该标准样品的质量分数为99.472 0%,不确定度为0.03%。     

Genomic selection strategies in dairy cattle: Strong positive interaction between use of genotypic information and intensive use of young bulls on genetic gain

We tested the following hypotheses: (i) breeding schemes with genomic selection are superior to breeding schemes without genomic selection regarding annual genetic gain of the aggregate genotype (ΔG(AG) ), annual genetic gain of the functional traits and rate of inbreeding per generation (ΔF), (ii) a positive interaction exists between the use of genotypic information and a short generation interval on ΔG(AG) and (iii) the inclusion of an indicator trait in the selection index will only result in a negligible increase in ΔG(AG) if genotypic information about the breeding goal trait is known. We examined four breeding schemes with or without genomic selection and with or without intensive use of young bulls using pseudo-genomic stochastic simulations. The breeding goal consisted of a milk production trait and a functional trait. The two breeding schemes with genomic selection resulted in higher ΔG(AG) , greater contributions of the functional trait to ΔG(AG) and lower ΔF than the two breeding schemes without genomic selection. Thus, the use of genotypic information may lead to more sustainable breeding schemes. In addition, a short generation interval increases the effect of using genotypic information on ΔG(AG) . Hence, a breeding scheme with genomic selection and with intensive use of young bulls (a turbo scheme) seems to offer the greatest potential. The third hypothesis was disproved as inclusion of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) for an indicator trait in the selection index increased ΔG(AG) in the turbo scheme. Moreover, it increased the contribution of the functional trait to ΔG(AG) , and it decreased ΔF. Thus, indicator traits may still be profitable to use even when GEBV for the breeding goal traits are available.