持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的通过观察持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的胰岛素抵抗（IR）的影响。方法 46例合并T2DM的OSAHS患者随机分为2组,对照组（22例）行保守治疗,而实验组（24例）加用CPAP治疗。观察所有患者治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月的临床指标变化,采用稳态模式评估（HOMA）指数评价IR。结果实验组患者治疗1个月后,其最低SaO 2水平明显高于治疗前及同一时段的对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗3个月后,其呼吸暂停低通气指数明显低于治疗前及同一时段的对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗6个月后,其空腹胰岛素及HOMA水平明显低于治疗前及同一时段的对照组（P〈0.01）。结论长期CPAP治疗可显著改善合并T2DM的OSAHS患者的IR。     

基于CD生产函数及RNN的黑龙江垦区经济增长研究

为研究黑龙江垦区经济增长问题,首先对柯布-道格拉斯(CD)生产函数进行变形,具体将资本与劳动力投入细化到三种产业得到变形的生产函数,同时建立人工神经网络模型对新的生产函数进行模拟。为反映单个产业自身的投资累积效应,进一步引入自反馈环建立递归神经网络(RNN)模型。该模型可确定投资诸要素间关系,同时反映产业本身及产业结构间的内在联系。数值试验证明该变形生产函数及其RNN模型符合实际,且网络结构简单、算法易于实现、模拟及预测精度高,该算法还可广泛用于投资决策、投资产出预测等经济增长问题。     

DOES MEASUREMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL DIAMETER INCREASE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF RADIOGRAPHY IN DOGS WITH SUSPECTED INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION?

The ratio between maximal small intestinal (SI) diameter and the height of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) in radiographs has been reported as a diagnostic test in dogs with suspected intestinal obstruction. In order to assess the effect of the SI/L5 ratio on the accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, lateral abdominal radiographs of 37 dogs with small intestinal obstruction and 48 nonobstructed dogs were mixed and examined independently by six observers who were unaware of the final diagnosis and who represented a range of experience. Observers first examined radiographs subjectively and stated the likelihood of obstruction (definitely not, probably not, equivocal, probably, definitely). Observers subsequently reexamined the radiographs, determined the SI/L5 ratio, and again stated the likelihood of obstruction. The most frequent cause of obstruction was foreign body (29/37, 78%). Dogs with SI obstruction had a significantly larger median SI/L5 ratio than nonobstructed dogs (P = 0.0002). Using an SI/L5 ratio of 1.7 for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, sensitivity and specificity were 66%. Use of the SI/L5 ratio was not associated with increased accuracy of diagnosis for any observer, regardless of experience, hence this test may have no diagnostic impact.     

The equine alveolar macrophage: Functional and phenotypic comparisons with peritoneal macrophages

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) constitute the first line of defence in the lung of all species, playing a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses to inhaled pathogens. A detailed understanding of the function and phenotype of AMs is a necessary pre-requisite to both elucidating their role in preventing opportunistic bacterial colonisation of the lower respiratory tract and developing appropriate preventative strategies. The purpose of the study was to characterise this important innate immune cell at the tissue level by making functional and phenotypic comparisons with peritoneal macrophages (PMs). We hypothesised that the tissue of origin determines a unique phenotype of AMs, which may constitute an appropriate therapeutic target for certain equine respiratory diseases. Macrophages isolated from the lung and the peritoneal cavity of 9 horses were stimulated with various toll like receptor (TLR) ligands and the production of nitrite, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL) 10 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) were measured by the Griess reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cells were also compared on the basis of phagocytic-capacity and the expression of several cell surface markers. AMs, but not PMs, demonstrated increased TNFα release following stimulation with LPS, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) and heat-killed Salmonella typhinurium and increased TNFα and IDO mRNA expression when stimulated with LPS. AMs showed high expression of the specific macrophage markers cluster of differentiation (CD) 14, CD163 and TLR4, whereas PMs showed high expression of TLR4 only. AMs, but not PMs, demonstrated efficient phagocytic activity. Our results demonstrate that AMs are more active than PMs when stimulated with various pro-inflammatory ligands, thus supporting the importance of the local microenvironment in the activation status of the macrophage. This information provides a valuable knowledge base on which to improve our understanding of the role of macrophages and their microenvironment in equine innate immunity.     

国医大师熊继柏运用宣痹汤治疗疑难病症举隅

国医大师熊继柏教授临床上善于诊治各种疑难杂症,本文列举熊老师运用宣痹汤复方治疗疑难病案例：反复发热案、淋巴瘤发热案、类风湿性关节炎案、发热皮疹案、肺部占位并全身结节案5则,其病机均属湿热痹阻经脉,通过对上述异病同治案例的分析,以示熊继柏教授的辨证思路,并为临床上应用宣痹汤提供参考。     

牛食道阻塞防治

牛食道阻塞又被称为食道梗塞,是因为食道中被大块食物堵塞,难以下咽所引发的一种急性食道疾病。按照阻塞程度的不同划分为完全阻塞和不完全阻塞2种。按照阻塞部位的不同可以划分为颈部食道阻塞、胸部食道阻塞和腹部食道阻塞3种。因阻塞性质和阻塞程度不同,会继发不同程度的瘤胃臌气。牛食道阻塞具有发病急、发病突然、发病过程快、致死率高的特点,发生后如果不能立即采取措施抢救,患病牛在短时间内会死亡。为提高食道阻塞救治成功率,该文主要探讨牛食道阻塞的诊断和防治过程。     

朱顶红无菌苗叶片高效再生体系

以朱顶红（Hippeastrum vittatum）叶片为外植体进行离体培养，具有取材方便、试材充足、成本低等优势，但叶片诱导再生率极低，是朱顶红离体培养的一大难题。本试验中分别以‘花孔雀’和‘黑天鹅’朱顶红无菌苗叶片为外植体，探究了不同植物生长调节剂和不同取材部位对不定芽诱导和继代增殖的影响。结果表明：最佳外植体为 MS 培养基中培养 10 d 形成的幼嫩叶片基部（0.5 cm），在光照 16 h · d-1（光照强度 36 μmol · m-2 · s-1）下，不定芽诱导的最适培养基为 MS + 2 mg · L-1 6-BA + 1 mg · L-1 NAA + 2 mg · L-1 TDZ，两个品种的不定芽均以间接途径发生，其中‘花孔雀’在培养 40 d 后形成愈伤组织，55 d形成不定芽，诱导率可达 69.44%；‘黑天鹅’在培养 45 d 后形成愈伤组织，65 d 形成不定芽，诱导率达到 66.67%；最适体细胞胚诱导培养基为 MS + 2 mg · L-1 6-BA + 1 mg · L-1 PIC，‘花孔雀’和‘黑天鹅’的诱导率分别达到 66.67%和 63.89%；最佳不定芽增殖培养基为 MS + 2 mg · L-1 6-BA + 1 mg · L-1 NAA + 1 mg · L-1 TDZ，‘花孔雀’和‘黑天鹅’的增殖系数分别达到 4.67 和 3.46；在不添加植物生长调节剂的 MS培养基中进行生根培养，30 d 后两个品种的生根率均达到 100%；将生根培养 30 d 的小植株转移至室温条件下放置 3 d，摘去封口膜再驯化 3 d 后，移栽至经高温消毒的草炭︰蛭石（体积比）为 1︰1 的基质中，成活率达到 100%