玉米胚乳突变基因ae连锁累赘的SSR分析

本研究通过与玉米胚乳突变基因ae连锁的SSR标记对轮回亲本不同的2个回交一代群体amylose extender(ae)基因两侧的连锁累赘进行了SSR分析,通过均匀分布在ae基因所在的Chr5连锁群上的SSR标记对这2个回交群体的染色体遗传背景回复率开展研究,结果表明,通过MAS可以将回交群体CHBC₁F₂染色体两侧的连锁累赘分别限定到13.2和17.2 cM,将另一回交群体DHBC₁F₂的染色体的单侧连锁累赘限定到13.9 cM。背景选择的结果表明,通过基因组的负选择可以使CHBC₁F₂群体中某些植株的5号染色体的遗传背景回复率达到85.7%,使DHBC₁F₂群体的染色体的遗传背景回复率达到87.5%。通过高密度的遗传连锁图谱(比如10~20 cM)就可以直接选择在目的基因附近发生重组的个体,减少不需要的染色体片段,降低目标基因附近的搭载效应。     

科技成果转化的主要障碍、原因及对策

科技研究成果如何转化为产品,是当前科研机构的一大难题。其中既有体制的原因也有研究成果是否面向需求市场的原因,原因较多也较为复杂。本文从科研课题的立题、研制、技术鉴定、中试、产品鉴定、批量生产等几方面对科技成果进入经济建设主战场,从科研成果转化为产品方面进行一些有益的探讨。     

Histological and ultrastructural evidence that recurrent laryngeal neuropathy is a bilateral mononeuropathy limited to recurrent laryngeal nerves

Reasons for performing study: Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is a common and debilitating peripheral nerve disease of horses, but it remains unclear if this disease is a mono‐ or polyneuropathy. An understanding of the distribution of the neuropathological lesions in RLN affected horses is fundamental to studying the aetiology of this very significant disease of tall horses. Objective: To determine whether RLN should be classified as a mono‐ or polyneuropathy. Methods: Multiple long peripheral nerves and their innervated muscles were examined systematically in 3 clinically affected RLN horses Results: Severe lesions were evident in the left as well as right recurrent laryngeal nerves in all horses, both distally and, in one case, also proximally. No primary axonal lesions were evident in other nerves nor were changes found in their innervated muscles. Conclusions: RLN is not a polyneuropathy but should be classified as a bilateral mononeuropathy. Potential relevance: Genetic and local factors specifically affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerves in RLN‐affected horses should now be investigated further.     

断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果观察

目的 观察断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果。方法 选择2013年2月至2015年5月间在本院进行全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的患者共60例,按随机数字表随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各30例。对照组采用冰敷消肿,观察组以断骨丹外敷。分别测量两组患者下肢肿胀度及血清指标（TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6）水平,并对患者治疗效果进行评价,比较两组患者视觉模拟评分（VAS）和髋关节HSS功能评分。结果 观察组总有效率显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者经治疗后肿胀程度在术后第3天、第7天明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平均显著降低,观察组水平明显低于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后观察组疼痛VAS评分明显低于对照组（P<0.01）,髋关节HSS功能评分明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 断骨丹外敷可有效缓解全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀,起到良好的活血通络效果。     

Congenital Ureteral Ectopia in Continent and Incontinent‐Related Entlebucher Mountain Dogs: 13 Cases (2006–2009)

Background: Ectopic ureters (EUs) associated with varying combinations of urinary incontinence, hydronephrosis, and urinary tract infection have been identified in related North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. Objectives: To characterize the disease phenotype in affected dogs and evaluate possible modes of inheritance. Animals: Twenty client‐owned Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. Nine dogs had clinical signs of urinary tract disease. Methods: Prospective case series in which 17 dogs were evaluated with excretory urography, ultrasonography, and urethrocystoscopy. Three additional dogs were evaluated by necropsy alone. Clinical and pedigree histories from 165 North American Entlebuchers were compiled for analysis. Results: Eleven female and 2 male dogs were found to have EUs. Six females and 1 male were continent. Bilateral intravesicular ectopic ureters (IVEUs) were identified in 9 dogs, bilateral extravesicular ectopic ureters (EVEUs) in 3 dogs, and 1 dog had IVEU and EVEU. Hydronephrosis was identified in 5 dogs, 3 of which had bilateral IVEUs. Two necropsied dogs had bilateral hydronephrosis with presumed ureterovesical junction obstruction associated with chronic granulation tissue or lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Twenty‐six dogs with EUs were identified in the pedigree. Because of incomplete penetrance, mode of inheritance could not be determined. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ureteral ectopia is common in North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs and clinical signs alone could not reliably predict disease phenotype. EVEUs were associated with urinary incontinence and occasionally hydronephrosis. IVEUs were clinically silent or associated with hydronephrosis. Further analyses are necessary to confirm and characterize the hereditary nature of the disorder.     

Equine recurrent uveitis: A review of clinical assessment and management

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a vision‐threatening ocular disease that practitioners must be able to identify and manage. Although not every case of acute uveitis will develop into ERU, if 2 or more episodes of uveitis are observed, a diagnosis of ERU can be made. Patient outcomes improve with early diagnosis, appropriate therapy and client education. Recent advances in surgical options and treatment of horses with ERU have improved success in managing this condition. New therapeutic strategies under investigation may further enhance results and reduce the development of complicating factors.     

Effect of ventriculectomy versus ventriculocordectomy on upper airway noise in draught horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

Reasons for performing study: Little is known about the efficacy of bilateral ventriculectomy (VE) or bilateral ventriculocordectomy (VCE) in draught horses. Objectives: To compare the effect of VE and VCE on upper airway noise in draught horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) by use of quantitative sound analysis techniques. Hypothesis: In competitive draught horses with grade 4 RLN, VE and VCE reduce upper airway noise during exercise, but VCE is more effective. Methods: Thirty competitive hitch or pulling draught horses with grade 4 RLN were evaluated for upper airway sound during exercise. Respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory (Ti) and expiratory time (Te), the ratio between Ti and Te (Ti/Te), inspiratory (Sli) and expiratory sound levels (Sle), the ratio between Sli and Sle (Sli/Sle), and peak sound intensity of the second formant (F2) were calculated. Eleven horses were treated with VE and 19 with VCE. After 90 days of voice and physical rest and 30 days of work, the horses returned for post operative upper airway sound evaluation and resting videoendoscopy. Results: VE significantly reduced Ti/Te, Sli, Sli/Sle and the sound intensity of F2. Respiratory rate, Ti, Te and Sle were unaffected by VE. VCE significantly reduced Ti/Te, Ti, Te, Sli, Sli/Sle and the sound intensity of F2, while RR and Sle were unaffected. The reduction in sound intensity of F2 following VCE was significantly greater than following VE. After VE and VCE, 7/11 (64%) and 15/18 (83%) owners, respectively, concluded that the surgery improved upper airway sound in their horses sufficiently for successful competition. Conclusions: VE and VCE significantly reduce upper airway noise and indices of airway obstruction in draught horses with RLN, but VCE is more effective than VE. The procedures have few post operative complications. Potential relevance: VCE is recommended as the preferred treatment for RLN in draught horses. Further studies are required to evaluate the longevity of the procedure's results.     

Bronchoalveolar lavage affects computed tomographic and radiographic characteristics of the lungs in healthy dogs

Bronchoalveolar lavage is a common diagnostic test for dogs with suspected pulmonary disease, however there is no published information on whether this procedure could affect the imaging characteristics of the lungs. Aims of this prospective experimental study were to describe computed tomography (CT) and radiographic features of the lungs after bronchoalveolar lavage in a sample of healthy dogs. Thoracic CT and radiographic images of eight healthy Beagles were acquired at the following time points: before bronchoalveolar lavage, immediately following bronchoalveolar lavage, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h following bronchoalveolar lavage. Lung consolidation or interstitial patterns were seen in CT and radiographic images immediately after the procedure. Radiographic lung patterns resolved within 2 h and CT patterns resolved within 24 h. Resolution of the CT pulmonary patterns in the ventral areas of the lungs was delayed compared to the dorsal areas. Mean CT imaging scores differed over time (P < 0.001), while mean radiographic imaging scores did not differ over time. This study suggests that thoracic radiography and CT imaging assessments should precede bronchoalveolar lavage procedures if possible, or be performed at least 24 h afterward.     

旷惠桃教授运用“三通四补”法治疗痹证经验

旷惠桃教授认为痹证发病多因体虚复感风、寒、湿、热之邪,致营卫失和、脉络不通、气血凝滞、邪气壅塞,病机错综复杂,但总以瘀血痰浊为主,涉及周身脏腑组织,故其病程长,病情缠绵难愈;临证强调因人而异,辨病与辨证相结合,治疗以“三通四补”为法,包括：祛风通脉,活血通络,豁痰通隧,益气,补血,滋阴,温阳等,临床多有效验。     

玉米单倍体自然加倍双轮回育种体系的探索

依据相关理论和育种实践提出，在单倍体规模化育种技术基础上，应用单倍体轮选遗传修复原理，纳入主体杂优模式双向轮回选择育种理念，构建“单倍体自然加倍双轮回育种技术体系”。通过对主体杂优模式的双向DH轮回循环选择改良，逐步累加农艺性状相关有益基因频率，快速聚合雄穗自然加倍基因，保持2个群体的遗传距离与配合力，逐步形成两个相互对应的单倍体高自然加倍商业化核心种质群，步入简单、快捷、高效的“单倍体自然加倍双轮回育种技术体系”。该体系经全面运行实施，验证了缩短育种年限、简化操作流程、节约选系成本、提高育种效率的效果。