Effects of Manipulation of Proteases on Myofibril Protein Degradation of Tilapia Muscle in vitro and in vivo

This study investigated the role of three proteases in myofibril degradation. Tilapia muscle was soaked in MDL-28170, E-64, and AC-DEVD-CHO, specific inhibitors of calpain, cathepsin, and caspase, respectively, for 14 days to determine the in vivo degradation of myofibril. Desmin and troponin T were significantly inhibited after treatment with inhibitors compared to the control (p < .05). For in vitro analyses, myofibril was incubated with recombinant active μ-calpain, cathepsin B, and caspase-3. Desmin was significantly reduced when incubated with recombinant proteases (p < .05). However, troponin T showed significant degradation only in the μ-calpain and cathepsin B treatment groups (p < .05). Our results reveal μ-calpain and cathespin B have similar degradation patterns, while caspase-3 has partly similar degradation for myofibril in vivo and in vitro. This suggests that μ-calpain and cathespin B are the main proteases responsible for post-mortem myofibril degradation, while caspase-3 is minor.     

Expression and characterization of the periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida

Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) is an essential cofactor in a variety of enzymatic reactions and most prokaryotes contain transport systems to import vitamin B₁₂. A gene coding for a periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was identified by in silico analysis of sequences from a genomic library. The open reading frame was composed of 834 bp encoding a protein of 277 amino acids. The protein showed 61% identity with the vitamin B₁₂-binding protein precursor of P. profundum , 53% identity with the corresponding protein of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 43% identity with the periplasmic binding protein BtuF of Escherichia coli. The expression of the native protein was investigated in P. damselae subsp. piscicida , but BtuF was weakly expressed under normal conditions. To characterize the BtuF of P. damselae subsp. piscicida , the recombinant protein was expressed with a C-terminal His₆-tag and purified; the molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 30 kDa. The protein does not contain any free thiol group, consistent with the view that the two cysteine residues are involved in a disulphide bond. The purified BtuF binds cyanocobalamin with an affinity constant of 6 ± 2 μ m .     

籼稻C84和粳稻春江16B重组自交系遗传图谱构建及籽粒性状QTL定位与验证

【目的】本研究旨在挖掘水稻粒型新基因、探索其分子机理,解析籽粒发育调控遗传网络奠定基础,并为通过分子标记聚合有利基因开展超级稻分子设计育种提供理论依据。【方法】以植株和籽粒形态差异较大的晚粳稻品种春江16B(CJ16B）和广亲和中籼稻背景恢复系C84为亲本构建含有188个家系的重组自交系为作图群体,利用158对在双亲中存在多态性差异的分子标记,构建了遗传连锁图谱,总遗传距离为1428.40cM,平均标记间距为9.04cM。在构建遗传图谱的基础上,完成RIL188个株系籽粒的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和千粒重等5个性状考查并进行QTL定位。【结果】在海南陵水和浙江杭州两地共检测到籽粒相关主效QTL30个,包括籽粒QTL新座位18个,解释遗传变异3.51%~17.25%。其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比QTL位点分别为9个、5个、5个和6个,千粒重QTL位点5个。经基因座位比对,发现有5个QTL区间与已克隆的调控籽粒形态相关基因座位相近,我们通过对双亲目标基因的测序并根据差异位点设计dCAPs分子标记进行验证。【结论】该RIL群体及其遗传图谱可用于水稻重要农艺性状主效QTL基因的定位和克隆,新定位的18个粒型QTL可以为水稻籽粒发育调控网络提供补充和资料积累。     

玉米重组近交系的高质分析

本研究以自交系掖478、丹340及其衍生的345个F_(3:4)重组自交系(RIL)为材料,对该群体穗长(EL)、穗粗(ED)、穗行数(KRE)、行粒数(KRN)、干籽重(DSW)、百粒重(100-GW)等6个重要穗部性状进行方差、相关性分析,正态性检测。结果表明:除100-GW外,其他各性状在345个家系间存在真实的遗传差异;F_(3:4)家系的6个主要穗部性状均表现出数量遗传特点,其平均值接近双亲平均值,有一定数量的双向超亲家系,是一个适合遗传作图的理想群体。     

Recombinant Expression of a Modified Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Gene in Pichia pastoris GS115 and Its Characteristic Analysis

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) with a LPS-binding domain (LBD) are considered to have broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and certain antiviral properties in crustaceans. FcALF2 was one isoform of ALFs isolated from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Our previous study showed that a modified LBD domain (named LBDv) of FcALF2 exhibited a highly enhanced antimicrobial activity. In the present study, a modified FcALF2 gene (mFcALF2), in which the LBD was substituted by LBDv, was designed and synthesized. This gene was successfully expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 eukaryotic expression system, and the characteristics of the recombinant protein mFcALF2 were analyzed. mFcALF2 exhibited apparent antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, mFcALF2 could reduce the propagation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in vivo by pre-incubation with virus. The present study paves the way for developing antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture.     

不同磷、钾处理小麦苗期氮营养性状的QTL分析

【目的】 对不同浓度磷、钾处理下小麦苗期氮养分效率相关性状进行QTL分析,以深入理解磷、钾与氮养分效率的相互关系,为氮营养相关性状的图位克隆及分子标记辅助选择育种奠定基础。 【方法】 采用苗期液培试验,以“川35050 ×山农483”组合衍生的小麦重组自交系群体(131个株系)为研究材料,设置了中磷中钾(MPMK)、高磷(HP)、低磷1 (LP1)、低磷2 (LP2)、低磷3 (LP3),高钾(HK)、低钾1 (LK1)、低钾2 (LK2)、低钾3 (LK3)共9个处理,对不同磷、钾处理下的氮养分效率相关性状进行研究,并结合分子标记遗传图谱,从整个基因组水平对与小麦苗期氮养分效率相关的10个性状进行QTL定位及遗传分析。 【结果】 不同处理下的10个性状共检测到137个QTL,位于除3D外的20条染色体上,大部分QTL (89.05%)仅在单一处理下被定位到,有3个QTL (QRnue-1A.2、QSnue-1A.1和QTnue-1A.1)可在至少4个处理中被检测到,有5个QTL (QRnue-1A.1、QTnue-1A.1、QSnc-4A、QRnc-6A.3和QSnue-6B)可同时在低磷和低钾环境中被检测到。本研究还检测到至少包含3个以上QTL的QTL簇17个,分别位于1A、1B、2B、2D、3A、3B、4A、4B、5D、6A、6B、6D和7A染色体上,共涉及66个QTL,占QTL总数的48.18%。其中,有5个QTL簇仅与特定磷、钾处理有关,大多数QTL簇均同时定位了不同磷、钾处理的不同性状,许多QTL簇位点还与前人定位的生物量、产量及其他养分有关。 【结论】 磷、钾的供应能够显著影响小麦苗期对氮素的吸收利用及其相关QTL的表达。影响苗期小麦氮养分效率相关性状的QTL大多数仅在特定处理下被检测到,但大多数QTL会形成QTL簇,构成了控制氮养分效率的QTL热点,许多热点区域也与前人定位的许多成株期性状如生物量、产量及其他养分效率有关,这些QTL/基因密集区域及其特点的发现,为我们深入理解小麦氮养分效率的遗传控制特点及其与磷、钾养分供应的关系提供了新的视角,也为这些重要位点的克隆及其应用提供数据支持。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白重组鸭肠炎病毒构建

【目的】鸭肠炎病毒(duck enteritis virus, DEV)不同毒株间存在明显差异,DEV疫苗株的UL2基因在195bp后连续缺失528bp,导致第65位氨基酸后连续缺失176aa^[1]。将绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因插入DEV UL2基因中,获得表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组病毒,以研究UL2基因对DEV生物特性的影响和探讨DEV作为载体表达外源基因的可行性。【方法】以实验室保存的DEV细胞适应株DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增出病毒UL2基因上下游序列并克隆入pMD-18T载体;以UL2基因作为外源基因插入靶点及同源重组臂,将CMV启动子控制的含有GFP-gpt基因表达盒克隆入DEV UL2基因中,构建含GFP基因的转移质粒载体pT-UL2-GFP-gpt;用脂质体将其与DEV细胞适应株共转染CEF细胞,待80%细胞出现病变后,冻融3次,接种到新鲜CEF细胞单层的6孔培养板中,用含5%血清、1%双抗、1%琼脂的M199培养液覆盖,在荧光显微镜下挑取单个有绿色荧光的蚀斑,再接到新的细胞上,重复蚀斑筛选、纯化表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组病毒;利用PCR、基因测序技术鉴定重组病毒;重组病毒接种CEF（moi=0.01）,每12h取出1瓶接毒细胞,分别收集上清和细胞,测量其病毒含量,绘制一步生长曲线;重组病毒在CEF中连续传代20次,在荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白表达情况,并用PCR检测GFP的传代稳定性;重组病毒免疫4周龄SPF鸭后14d,肌肉注射接种DEV强毒（CVCC AV1221）,观察免疫保护情况。【结果】经双酶切鉴定,成功构建了含绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的转移质粒载体pT-UL2-GFP-gpt,将其与DEV共转染CEF细胞后8h,即可见转染细胞中有带有绿色荧光的梭形细胞,经过8轮蚀斑筛选,获得纯化的重组病毒rDEV-△UL2-GFP-gpt;PCR鉴定及基因测序结果显示,GFP标记基因成功地插入到DEV基因组中,替换了DEV UL2基因的196-723位核苷酸;一步生长曲线结果显示,重组病毒在细胞和上清中的病毒含量分别在36h和72h达到峰值,为10^6.2TCID₅₀/0.1mL、10^5.5TCID₅₀/0.1mL,与亲本毒无明显差异;重组病毒在CEF中连续传代,1-5代可以稳定表达GFP基因,第6代起,开始出现少量没有荧光的细胞病变,15-20代中绝大部分细胞病变无绿色荧光,GFP在细胞连续传代过程中容易出现突变;重组病毒以10^3.0TCID₅₀/只免疫麻鸭,免疫后14d能完全抵抗DEV强毒株的攻击,与亲本毒免疫原性一致。【结论】成功构建了表达绿色荧光蛋白的DEV,首次证实UL2基因缺失不影响其在细胞中的复制,也不影响其免疫原性,为DEV UL2基因功能、活载体疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

额种子蛋白体靶向表达口服重组胰岛素原载体构建及转化水稻

应用水稻种子生物反应器开发口服重组胰岛素原具有重要应用前景。通过分子设计保证重组胰岛素原在人体肠道内的自主加工成熟,根据水稻密码子偏爱性人工合成了霍乱毒素β亚基和人胰岛素原的融合基因(cholera toxin B subunit fused with human proinsulin,CTBIN),并在C末端添加内质网滞留信号KDEL。通过PCR技术从粳稻品种日本晴全基因组中克隆谷蛋白启动子及其信号肽序列pGluB1sig(GluB1 promoter and its signal peptide)用于驱动融合基因CTBIN的表达,插入载体pCAMBIA1302,构建了水稻种子蛋白体靶向表达口服重组胰岛素原的载体pCAMBIA1302-pGluB1sig-CTBIN-Nos。采用农杆菌介导法转化日本晴,获得了46株转基因水稻植株,Western杂交检测到CTB-人胰岛素原融合蛋白在水稻种子中表达。     

Cloning of a novel phytase from an anaerobic rumen bacterium,Mitsuokella jalaludinii,and its expression in Escherichia coli

The full length phytase gene of Mitsuokella jalaludinii was successfully cloned and was found to be 1 047 bp in length, with 348 amino acids, and was designated as PHY7 phytase gene. A comparison of the sequence of PHY7 phytase gene of M. jalaludinii with various microbial phytase gene sequences showed that it was not similar to those from other bacteria except Selenomonas ruminatium, thus suggesting that they may both express a new class of phytase. The PHY7 phytase gene was subsequently subcloned into bacterial expression vector, p ET32 a, for expression in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami. Expression of the recombinant phytase gene was optimised and characterised. The recombinant phytase was estimated to be approximately 55 k Da by SDS-PAGE analysis. The recombinant phytase exhibited optimum activity at 55°C, p H 4.5 and showed good p H stability from p H 3.5 to 5.5(78% relative activity). Metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were found to exert significant stimulatory effect on the recombinant phytase activity while Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. The recombinant phytase showed moderate resistance to trypsin proteolysis, but susceptible to pepsin proteolysis. The results of the study showed that several characteristics of recombinant phytase were slightly different from the native enzyme. Unfavourable characteristics such as reduced p H stability and metal ion effects should be taken into consideration during feed enzyme formulation.