镉胁迫对拟南芥幼苗形态生理和错配修复相关基因表达的影响研究

以拟南芥为供试材料,从形态指标、生理指标、分子指标3个层次研究了镉（Cd）的毒理效应,筛选Cd敏感生物标记物。分子指标的研究以18S rRNA为看家基因, 错配修复基因MutS 2 homolog（atMSH2）, atMSH3,atMSH7,细胞增殖核抗原1 和2（atPCNA1和atPCNA2）为检测目的基因,采用半定量反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术研究Cd胁迫对上述错配修复相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,不同浓度（0、0.125、0.25、1.0、3.0 mg·L^-1）Cd 处理7 d后,根长随Cd胁迫强度的增加而降低; 0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下,地上部可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,而在0.25、1.0和3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd时降低,但仍高于对照;幼苗叶片数、地上部鲜重、叶绿素含量变化与对照相比差异均不显著。地上部atMSH2,atPCNA1,atPCNA2基因表达量的变化与Cd胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系,分别在0.125,0.25和0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd时达到最大值。以上结果表明,地上部可溶性蛋白含量变化与上述3个错配修复相关基因表达量的改变趋势相符,且均对Cd污染胁迫较敏感,可以作为检测Cd污染及其相关生物学效应的潜在生物标记物。     

Inheritance of Aluminum Tolerance and its Effects on Grain Yield and Grain Quality in Oats (Avena Sativa L.)

Summary Aluminum toxicity due to the cation Al⁺³ is a major factor limiting yields in acid soils. Wide genetic variability to aluminum tolerance is found in oat genotypes. The objectives of this study were to determine the number of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in oats and to verify if any detrimental effects were present of the aluminum tolerance genes on grain yield and grain quality in Al⁺³free soils. Aluminum tolerance was estimated as the average regrowth of the main root after exposure to toxic levels of Al⁺³ in a hydroponic solution under controlled conditions. The number of genes controlling that trait was estimated from the distribution of the average root regrowth frequencies in a population of 333 recombinant inbred lines (RIL's) in generations F_5:6 and F_5:7. The effects on grain yield and grain quality were assessed in a subpopulation of 162 RIL's chosen based on their aluminum tolerance response. Aluminum tolerance in the evaluated population was controlled by one dominant major gene with the tolerant genotypes carying Al _a Al _a and the sensitive ones al _a al _a alleles. No detrimental effects of the Al _a allele on grain yield or grain quality were detected.Part of the Master of Science dissertation of the first author     

Effects of swimming on experimental endometriosis in rats

AIM To evaluate the effect of swimming on experimental endometriosis in rats. METHODS 80 female SD rats were divided into 8 groups, including control group, model group and animals performed light exercise （swimming once a week）, moderate exercise （swimming 3 times a week）, and intense exercise （swimming 5 times a week） before or after endometriosis induction,10 rats in each group. The mRNA and protein expressions of fatty acid synthase （FAS）, matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP9） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） in endometrium of rats were detected. RESULTS The swimming before the induction of the edometriosis lesions did not prove to have aprophylactic role against endometriosis, whereas the swimming after induction of the lesions had a beneficial effect regardless of frequency, with a greater reduction in the groups practicing moderate and intense activity （P<0.05）, an increase in FAS levels and a decrease in MMP9 and PCNA levels were also observed （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Swimming after induction of the edometriosis is beneficial for the treatment of endometriosis, the mechanism may be related to the expression of FAS, MMP9 and PCNA protein.     

Revisiting rice breeding methods – evaluating the use of rapid generation advance (RGA) for routine rice breeding

Rice production needs to increase in the future in order to meet increasing demands. The development of new improved and higher yielding varieties more quickly will be needed to meet this demand. However, most rice breeding programmes in the world have not changed in several decades. In this article, we revisit the evidence in favour of using rapid generation advance (RGA) as a routine breeding method. We describe preliminary activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to re-establish RGA on a large scale as the main breeding method for irrigated rice breeding. We also describe experiences from the early adoption at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Evaluation of RGA breeding lines at IRRI for yield, flowering time and plant height indicated transgressive segregation for all traits. Some RGA lines were also higher yielding than the check varieties. The cost advantages of using RGA compared to the pedigree method were also empirically determined by performing an economic analysis. This indicated that RGA is several times more cost effective and advantages will be realized after 1 year even if facilities need to be built. Based on our experience, and previous independent research empirically testing the RGA method in rice, we recommend that this method should be implemented for routine rice breeding in order to improve breeding efficiency.     

Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.     

miR172超表达载体的构建及其在micro-Tom番茄中的遗传转化

为了进一步阐明miRNA在番茄不同生长发育阶段尤其是在果实成熟阶段的调控途径,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)的cDNA克隆出miR172基因核心片段,将该基因片段,以及pCAMBIA1300-221载体通过特异性的限制性内切酶双酶切,然后将miR172片段正向连接到载体上,转化大肠杆菌Trans5α,鉴定重组质粒正确后,利用冻融法将重组载体转入农杆菌EHA105中。再次回转大肠杆菌验证获得的重组载体,通过PCR以及双酶切鉴定是否符合预期结果,将测序结果与NCBI上的基因序列相比较,同源性高达100%。结果成功构建了适用于番茄农杆菌遗传转化的植物表达载体,接下里进行转基因植株的培育和鉴定。为通过miR172基因进一步研究果实成熟衰老机理奠定了物质基础。     

表达伪狂犬病毒gC糖蛋白基因重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫效果

通过双酶切将伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)Fa株gC囊膜糖蛋白基因片段亚克隆到5型腺病毒AdMax系统穿梭质粒pDC316中,得到pDC316-gC。用此质粒与腺病毒DNA辅助质粒pBHGloxΔ E1,3Cre共转染293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Adv-gC。通过PCR鉴定和病毒空斑纯化,得到纯的高效价Adv-gC病毒液。间接免疫荧光实验证明此重组病毒能表达PRV gC蛋白。该病毒经肌注免疫Balb/c小鼠,能诱导小鼠产生特异的体液和细胞免疫反应。攻毒试验表明,此重组病毒能提供100%的免疫保护。     

兔出血症病毒VP60主要抗原表位基因的克隆与序列分析

本实验用RHDV CD株人工感染家兔,发病死亡后,取肝脏匀浆,用Trizol试剂从匀浆上清中提取病毒RNA。根据Genbank已发表序列保守区设计并合成引物,采用RT—PCR方法扩增了RHDV衣壳蛋白VP60主要抗原表位基因。PCR产物纯化后,进行序列测定。测序结果表明,VP60主要抗原表位基因长525bp。该序列与已发表的其它13株RHDV VP60同一核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性比较。结果显示,CD株核酸序列与WX-84株同源性最高为97.5%,与其它毒株的同源性在92.0%~96.6%之间。氨基酸序列与WX-84株、墨西哥Mexico-89株同源性最高为99.4%,与其它毒株的同源性在96.6%~98.3%之间。     

抗苯巴比妥单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其免疫学特性鉴定

苯巴比妥(PB)经化学修饰在其苯环上引入活性基团氨基,合成半抗原对氨基苯巴比妥(pAPB),用重氮化法将pAPB偶联于BSA,合成人工抗原BSA-pAPB,并用红外(IR)、紫外(UV)、SDS-PAGE鉴定;用BSA-pAPB免疫Balb/C小鼠,细胞融合技术建立抗PB的单克隆抗体mAb(PB mAb)杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备PB mAb,并鉴定其免疫学特性。结果表明,BSA-pAPB偶联成功,偶联率为1∶19;筛选出1B9、3C4、3F6、4E6共4株杂交瘤细胞,其中最好的4E6株间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清为1∶8.1×102,腹水为1∶6.4×105,同种型为IgG1/κ,亲和常数(Ka)为2.08×1010L/mol,对PB的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为11.35μg/L,与巴比妥的交叉反应率(CR%)为12.4%,与其他化合物无CR。本试验研制出高效价、敏感、特异的PB mAb,可用于PB残留检测的免疫学实验。