蛋鸡OC-116基因的克隆和序列分析

参考原鸡（G. gallus） OC-116编码基因序列（登录号：NM_204569.1）设计3对引物,特异性地从仙居鸡子宫组织中克隆OC-116编码基因的N端、中段和C端,测序鉴定后通过酶切连接获得家鸡OC-116的全长编码基因。根据本研究的测序结果,初步发现突变概率较高的碱基有：第1233位（A→G）、1336位（C→G）、1358位（T→G）、1391位（T→G）、1491位（T→G）、1754位（G→T）、1841位（T→C）、1843位（C→T）、1983位（C→T）和2057位（T→C）;其中第1358,1754,1841,1983和2057位的碱基突变均为同义突变,第1233、1336、1391、1491和1843位是错义突变。而且突变碱基主要属于T：G颠换类型,其次是T：C转换类型。另外根据同源性分析,家鸡的OC-116编码基因在进化过程中很保守。总之,本研究已经从仙居鸡子宫组织中克隆到OC-116编码基因,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定基础。     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.     

动物锰营养中含锰超氧化物歧化酶研究进展

锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)是一种催化超氧阴离子自由基发生歧化反应 ,生成氧和过氧化氢的重要含锰金属酶。本文对MnSOD的分布、结构、活性、基因表达以及动物饲粮锰及其它因素对MnSOD的调节等进行了综述 ,以期推动锰营养学的进一步深入研究     

Tissue-specific expression of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 in BALB/c mice

Activation of the innate immune system requires recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as NOD-like receptors. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, and subsequent inflammatory responses. NLRP3 inflammasome plays important roles in the inflammatory and innate immune responses associated with autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. However, analysis of the tissue distribution and expression profiles in BALB/c mice is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution and expression pattern of NLRP3 in BALB/c mice to further elucidate its function in innate immunity in this commonly used laboratory animal model. NLRP3 mRNA expression levels and tissue distribution of the protein were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. NLRP3 mRNA expression was higher in the kidney and inguinal lymph nodes than in other tissues. Cytoplasmic expression of NLRP3 was detected in the epithelial reticular cells of the spleen and thymus, lymphocytes in the inguinal lymph nodes, cardiac muscle cells, cerebral cortex neurons, alveolar macrophages, renal tubule cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The results of this study will assist investigators in interpreting site-specific functions and roles of NLRP3 in inflammatory responses.     

双拷贝抑制素基因免疫对大鼠卵泡发育、产仔及生殖激素的影响

将90只大鼠随机分为5组,分别注射10μg.100μL-1 pcISI(T1)、50μg.100μL-1 pcISI(T2)、100μg.100μL-1(T3)pcISI、100μg空载体pcMV-S(V)和100μL生理盐水(S),以探讨在不使用免疫佐剂的情况下,不同剂量的双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因免疫对大鼠卵泡发育、产仔和生殖激素的影响。结果表明,加强免疫能提高抗体P/N值,加强免疫后各剂量组平均抗体P/N值大于2,T3组抗体P/N值显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。T3组成熟卵泡数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且抗体阳性鼠成熟卵泡数比阴性鼠多12.45个(P<0.05)。除了T1组外,其他2个剂量组产仔数和胎盘数均高于对照组(P<0.05)。抗体阳性鼠胎盘数比阴性鼠多5.09个(P<0.05),产仔数比阴性鼠多5.39个(P<0.05)。抑制素pcISI基因免疫大鼠后促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)含量均高于对照组,T3组的FSH含量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),T3组的E2含量与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),各剂量组P4含量与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。这些结果说明,在没有免疫佐剂的前提下,双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因免疫可产生抗体,促进FSH分泌和卵泡发育,增加产仔数。本试验条件下100μg.100μL-1是最佳免疫剂量。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒牦牛分离株E0基因的克隆表达

将青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)青海泽库(QHZK)株的E0基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-32(a),构建了重组表达载体pET-32(a)-E0,然后用重组质粒转化Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,并利用IPTG诱导蛋白表达。表达的蛋白用His-Band镍柱进行亲合层析纯化,Western blot鉴定表达蛋白。结果显示,E0基因可在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,表达产物的分子质量约为44ku,与预期的蛋白分子质量大小一致;Western blot分析表明,该蛋白可以与BVDV标准阳性血清产生特异性结合反应。     

FADS2基因在奶牛乳腺细胞中的过表达和干扰研究

为了研究脂肪酸脱氢酶2(fatty acid desaturases 2,FADS2)基因在奶牛乳腺细胞脂肪酸代谢中的作用,本研究在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中对FADS2基因进行过表达和干扰,研究FADS2基因表达对脂肪酸合成相关基因的调控及对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中甘油三酯含量的影响。针对FADS2基因的CDS序列设计siRNA和过表达载体pcDNA3.1-FADS2-EGFP,转染奶牛乳腺细胞检测FADS2基因过表达和干扰对脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的影响及细胞中甘油三酯含量的变化。结果显示,试验成功获得过表达载体pcDNA3.1-FADS2-EGFP和干扰片段,转染细胞后具有良好的过表达和干扰效果。FADS2基因过表达后,1-酰基甘油磷酸酰基转移酶(AGPAT1)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白裂解激活蛋白(SCAP)、3-磷酸甘油转移酶(GPAM)、脂肪酸延长链5(ELOVL5)、乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1(ACAA1)、脂肪酸脱氢酶1(FADS1)、二酰基甘油转酰基酶1(DGAT1)和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)基因显著下调(P<0.05),脂滴蛋白2(PLIN2)基因极显著上调(P<0.01)。FADS2基因干扰过后可引起AGPAT1、GPAM、ELOVL5、ACAA1、PLIN2和FADS1基因显著上调(P<0.05),脂肪酸合成胰岛素诱导基因1(INSIG1)极显著上调(P<0.01),DGAT1和PPARα基因显著下调(P<0.05)。甘油三酯检测结果显示,FADS2基因过表达和干扰均可降低奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中甘油三酯的含量。综上所述,在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中,FADS2基因能调控脂质合成相关基因的表达,对乳腺脂质合成具有调控作用。     

家畜毛色形成分子基础及应用研究进展

动物毛色是一种容易被识别的表型,也可作为筛查某些疾病的有效手段。毛色主要由黑色素细胞产生的真黑色素和棕黑色素的分布、比例和产生速率所决定。许多基因对黑色素的产生和分布起着重要调控作用,各基因间的不同基因型形成多种基本毛色、淡化毛色和花斑。此外,miRNA靶向结合毛色主效基因mRNA,诱导抑制/增强其转录翻译过程,从而调控毛色基因的表达,影响黑色素合成。文章简述了家畜调控毛色的主效基因黑色素皮质素受体1（MC1R）、野灰位点信号蛋白（ASIP）、原癌基因（KIT）、酪氨酸酶关联蛋白（TYRP）、小眼畸形相关转录因子（MITF）和内皮素受体B（EDNRB）的DNA序列多态性（不同基因型）与毛色性状、疾病之间的关系;介绍了毛色形成相关miRNA挖掘鉴定、miRNA调控毛色相关基因研究进展与毛色基因研究应用价值,旨在为今后研究家畜毛色机理提供理论依据。     

草原红牛Acot2基因克隆及其在各组织中的表达差异研究

本研究旨在探究草原红牛酰基辅酶A硫酯酶2（Acot2）的基因功能,并对其进行生物信息学分析,检测Acot2基因在草原红牛不同组织中的表达差异。根据GenBank中公布的牛Acot2基因序列（登录号：NM_001101938.1）设计引物,PCR扩增获得草原红牛Acot2基因的完整CDS并进行测序,利用分析软件进行序列同源性比对并构建系统进化树;获得对应的氨基酸序列并分析蛋白理化特性及蛋白亚细胞结构、亲疏水性和磷酸化位点,预测蛋白二级结构并构建蛋白质三级结构模型;利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测Acot2基因在不同组织中的表达差异。结果显示,草原红牛Acot2基因CDS大小为1 395 bp,编码464个氨基酸,其核苷酸序列与亚洲水牛的同源性较高（98.3%）,与猕猴和黑猩猩的同源性较低（80.5%和80.4%）。Acot2蛋白分子式为C₂₃₁₇H₃₆₀₆N₆₄₀O₆₂₈S₁₄,分子质量为50.924 ku,理论等电点为8.84。蛋白质不稳定指数为37.50,氨基酸残基多数为亲水性残基,总平均亲水性为-0.094。亚细胞定位分析表明,Acot2蛋白分布在内质网（30.4%）、线粒体（26.1%）、高尔基体（17.4%）、细胞质（17.4%）、液泡（4.3%）和细胞质（4.3%）中;磷酸化位点分析发现,Acot2蛋白存在20个磷酸化位点。二级结构主要形式有α-螺旋（21.8%）、β-转角（33.4%）、β-折叠（18.4%）和无规则卷曲（26.4%）,三级结构预测结果与其相一致。实时荧光定量结果显示,Acot2基因在草原红牛胃中表达量最高,在肺脏中表达量极少。Acot2基因在生物进化过程中具有低保守性,其编码氨基酸组成的蛋白质结构稳定,属于水溶性蛋白,在线粒体和内质网中发挥作用,在草原红牛不同组织的表达量有明显差异。本研究结果为进一步探究Acot2基因对家畜脂代谢的影响和筛选草原红牛肉质候选基因提供资料。     

Prokaryotic Expression and Polyclonal Antibody Preparation of African Swine Fever Virus Georgia 2007/1 Strain CD2v Protein

The study was aimed to express the EP402R gene of African swine fever virus (ASFV) Georgia 2007/1 strain via prokaryotic expression system,obtain the recombinant CD2v protein,and prepare polyclonal antibodies against the purified recombinant CD2v protein.After codon optimization,ASFV EP402R full-length gene was linked into pET-28a(+) expression vector to construct prokaryotic recombinant expression plasmid.After induction by 1 mmol/L IPTG at 16 ℃ for 12 h,the recombinant protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The purified recombinant CD2v protein was used as immunogen to prepare mouse anti-CD2v polyclonal antibodies.The antibody titer was measured by indirect ELISA and the specificity was further analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting.The results showed that ASFV EP402R gene was successfully cloned into pET-28a(+),and pET-28a-EP402R was obtained.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) for expression,the recombinant protein was expressed mainly in the form of inclusion bodies,with molecular mass at about 47 ku,while some of the recombinant protein could also exist in a soluble form.Western blotting results showed that the purified protein had good immunoreactivity.The indirect ELISA result showed that the polyclonal antibodies had a high titer of 1:512 000,IFA and Western blotting results indicated that it could specifically recognize recombinant CD2v protein.These results confirmed the recombinant CD2v protein expressed via prokaryotic system had good immunogenicity,and the prepared polyclonal antibodies had high titer and specificity.This research provided technical support for further study of ASFV EP402R biological function,as well as its gene-deletion based vaccine development.