福州口岸截获林业危险性有害生物松树皮象

通过对福州口岸从芬兰进境云杉板料中首次截获的有害生物松树皮象的分类地位、分布、寄主、形态特征、生物学特性等的研究,结合口岸检疫实际,提出了防范松树皮象入侵的检疫措施。     

农业综合执法改革背景下推进动物检疫监督执法工作对策

动物检疫监督是《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》赋予农村农业部门的法定职责,它是农业行政执法的重要组成部分。现阶段在农业综合执法改革背景下,动物检疫监督执法工作还面临不少突出问题,普遍表现为监督管理和执法工作难以高效开展,监督管理机构和执法机构的权利归属没有理顺,动物检疫监督人员的数量相对较少,严重影响检疫监督执法工作高效开展,因此需要不断加强探索,认真分析动物检疫监督执法工作面临的诸多问题,确保检疫监督执法工作向着纵深化方向推进。     

林木病原菌的传播途径概述

病原菌隔离在林木分布区域之外是避免病原菌对林木危害的关键措施之一，这可以通过控制病原菌的传播来实现。病原菌的传播途径主要包括土壤/苗木基质、植物体材料、木材/木材制品、昆虫以及空气等。本文对林木病原菌的以上传播途径进行了简要概述。     

多指标综合评价法在进出境植物检疫疫情截获评价体系中的应用研究

本文结合我国进出境植物检疫工作的特点,分析了进出境植物检疫疫情截获影响因素,运用多指标综合评价法及专家评判法制定出疫情截获评价指标,并使用专家评判法和层次分析法得出指标体系各指标的权重系数,构建了进出境植物疫情截获综合评价指标体系。     

基于图像识别的小麦腥黑穗病害诊断技术研究

传统的检疫小麦腥黑穗病害的方法效率较低影响检测的稳定性和客观性.提出一种基于图像识别的小麦腥黑穗病分类诊断技术.以显微镜下采集的小麦病害图像为研究对象,对其进行滤波增强及病害区域分割,再提取单个病害区域图像的颜色、形状和纹理等特征参数;最后利用归一化后的特征值,通过BP神经网络分类器实现了小麦腥黑穗病害的诊断.将计算机图像识别结果和实际小麦腥黑穗病类型进行对比,表明了该诊断技术的可行性和有效性     

建设济宁市林业有害生物控灾体系的理论与实践

林业有害生物是威胁林业生态安全的重要因素,研究建立林业有害生物的防控体系具有重大的现实意义。济宁市根据林业有害生物发生的现状,建立了以森防指挥体系、林业有害监测预警、检疫御灾、防治减灾为主体构架的布局合理、类型齐全、设施先进、管理高效的控灾体系。实践证明该体系能够达到对林业有害生物的实时监控、准确预报、区域封锁、有效控制,基本实现林业有害生物的可持续控制。     

检疫性害虫螺旋粉虱研究进展

螺旋粉虱是一种极具入侵性的外来有害昆虫,严重威胁着世界各地果树、蔬菜和园林植物的生产。由于螺旋粉虱具有寄主植物广泛、传播速度快、适应能力强和高度危险性等特点,被各国科研工作者和检疫部门所密切关注。就螺旋粉虱的生物学特性、在我国适生区及风险性、选择趋性、毒理学及天敌昆虫等方面的研究进行了探讨。     

News and Views from SNS–Nordic Forest Research Co-operation Committee

Thirty-five research organisations are joining forces to develop methods for assessing the sustainability of the forestry-wood chain in Europe. The European Commission has set aside 13 million Euro (of a total budget of 19m Euro) for the project, dubbed eforwood, involving 18 of the European countries. Negotiations with the Commission are not yet complete, but the project will probably start by November this year, says Kaj Rosén, vice president of the Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk) and coordinator of the project.     

Occurrence of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus on infected ash logs

Ash decline induced by Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus is an emerging disease that severely affects Fraxinus excelsior stands in Europe. There has been an invasive spread of the disease from east to west in Europe over the last decade. Wood discoloration on infected trunks has been reported, but few data are available on the involvement of H. pseudoalbidus in such symptoms. Transport and trade of ash logs could introduce the pathogen into disease‐free areas and therefore accelerate its dissemination. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of H. pseudoalbidus in ash logs in infested areas located in the northeast of France and to clarify the role of secondary pathogens in ash decline. The results showed that prevalence of H. pseudoalbidus on collar lesions was high in the study area. The pathogen was able to produce conidia from infected wood. Thus, export of ash logs could represent a potential risk for spreading the disease. Involvement of Armillaria spp. in the decline process was confirmed, while no Phytophthora‐induced collar lesions were found. Studying both disease prevalence and the age of callus tissues surrounding collar lesions in 60 ash stands enabled the origin of the disease in the study area to be determined.     

Effect of electrical conductivity on survival of Phytophthora alni,P. kernoviae and P. ramorum in a simulated aquatic environment

This study investigated survival of the pathogens Phytophthora ramorum, P. alni and P. kernoviae as zoospores or sporangia in response to an important water quality parameter, electrical conductivity (EC), at its range in irrigation water reservoirs and irrigated cropping systems. Experiments with different strengths of Hoagland’s solution showed that all three pathogens survived at a broad range of EC levels for at least 3 days and were stimulated to grow and sporulate at ECs > 1·89 dS m^?1. Recovery of initial populations after a 14‐day exposure was over 20% for P. alni subsp. alni and P. kernoviae, and 61·3% and 130% for zoospores and sporangia of P. ramorum, respectively. Zoospore survival of these pathogens at ECs < 0·41 dS m^?1 was poor, barely beyond 3 days in pure water; only 0·3% (P. alni), 2·9% (P. kernoviae) and 15·1% (P. ramorum) of the initial population survived after 14 days at EC = 0·21 dS m^?1. The variation in rates of survival at different EC levels suggests that these pathogens survive better in cropping systems than in irrigation water. Containment of run‐off and reduction in EC levels may therefore be non‐chemical control options to reduce the risk of pathogen spread through natural waterways and irrigation systems.