甘蔗蔗汁锤度和还原糖分傅立叶变换近红外定量分析数学模型

以傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术为基础，采用透射测定方式和PLS算法，建立蔗汁锤度和还原糖分定量分析数学模型．蔗汁锤度和还原糖分预测数学模型的决定系数(R^2)分别为0．9990和0．9953，均方根差分别为0．1150％和0．0722％，预测误差接近常规分析方法的误差．     

Genomewide association analysis of salt tolerance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Salinity is a common abiotic stress causing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield loss worldwide. The use of tolerant cultivars is an effective and economic approach to coping with this stress. Towards this, research is needed to identify salt‐tolerant germplasm and better understand the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance in soybean. The objectives of this study were to identify salt‐tolerant genotypes, to search for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and QTLs associated with salt tolerance. A total of 192 diverse soybean lines and cultivars were screened for salt tolerance in the glasshouse based on visual leaf scorch scores after 15–18 days of 120 mM NaCl stress. These genotypes were further genotyped using the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChip. Genomewide association mapping showed that 62 SNP markers representing six genomic regions on chromosomes (Chr.) 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 18, respectively, were significantly associated with salt tolerance (p < 0.001). A total of 52 SNP markers on Chr. 3 are mapped at or near the major salt tolerance QTL previously identified in S‐100 (Lee et al., 2014). Three SNPs on Chr. 18 map near the salt tolerance QTL previously identified in Nannong1138‐2 (Chen, Cui, Fu, Gai, & Yu, 2008). The other significant SNPs represent four putative minor QTLs for salt tolerance, newly identified in this study. The results above lay the foundation for fine mapping, cloning and molecular breeding for soybean salt tolerance.     

仿蛛网农田无线传感器网络抗毁性量化指标体系构建

为解决传统抗毁性量化指标无法准确描述网络组件失效的耦合关系和全局作用,难以有效归纳、继承蛛网抗毁性机制与规律的问题,该文提出了一套基于节点平均路径数和节点、链路平均使用次数的人工蛛网模型抗毁性量化指标体系,评测失效网络组件的全网影响度和权重等指标。仿真试验表明该指标体系可有效量化评价不同规模的人工蛛网模型的抗毁性,测评各网络组件的抗毁性权重占比,其中,节点、弦链、辐链分别占50%、39.44%、10.56%,同时与传统抗毁性量化指标相比,该文提出的指标具有独特的优势。田间试验结果表明节点遭受不同程度损坏时,仿蛛网部署仍可通过备用链路进行数据传输,相较非交叠分簇部署、栅格部署具有更优的抗毁性。人工蛛网模型抗毁性量化分析可为优化农田无线传感器网络部署,实现规模化可靠应用提供参考。     

棉花DUS测试标准品种的SSR指纹数据库构建

基于SSR核心引物,采用荧光毛细管电泳检测系统与多重PCR技术相结合,构建我国棉花DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试标准品种的DNA指纹数据库并进行遗传多样性分析。依据多重PCR组合的基本原则与五色荧光检测系统的特点,采用40对核心引物构建了10个4重PCR组合,利用DNA遗传分析仪进行指纹检测与数据采集。40对荧光引物在30份DUS测试标准品种中共扩增产生146个等位变异,每对引物的等位变异数为2~7个不等,平均每对引物产生3.65个等位变异。海7124与陆地棉品种明显划分为2类,来源于新疆的新陆早1号区别于其他陆地棉品种,单独聚为1类。多色荧光检测系统相比常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳具有高精度、高通量、自动化程度高的优点,尤其适用于大规模指纹数据库的构建,提出了通过构建已知品种DNA指纹数据库,将分子标记技术应用于棉花DUS测试的初步设想。     

褐飞虱海藻糖酶基因在表皮几丁质代谢中的调控作用

【目的】昆虫海藻糖酶能够调控几丁质代谢并控制蜕皮过程。本研究通过TRE表达被抑制后,检测褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)蜕皮状况、几丁质含量及几丁质合成酶(chitin synthase,CHS)和几丁质酶(chitinase,Cht)基因表达情况,探究不同的海藻糖酶(trehalase,TRE)在褐飞虱表皮中对几丁质代谢的调控作用。【方法】采用RNAi技术,以实验室饲养种群褐飞虱为材料,通过向其体内注射双链RNA(dsRNA)分别抑制单个海藻糖酶基因或同时抑制多个海藻糖酶基因,注射48 h后通过Trizol法提取褐飞虱总RNA,反转录试剂盒合成第一链DNA后采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测该基因的表达情况,确定RNAi效果。氢氧化钾法测定48 h褐飞虱整体几丁质含量变化并对蜕皮困难虫体进行拍照;最后采用qRT-PCR检测褐飞虱CHS和Cht在mRNA水平上的相对表达量变化,分析TRE在调控几丁质代谢中的作用。【结果】与注射dsGFP相比较,其余各注射组褐飞虱整体几丁质含量显著下降,其中dsTRE1混合注射组与Validamycin注射组呈极显著下降,同时褐飞虱出现蜕皮困难等现象。qRT-PCR检测结果显示单个TRE的dsRNA注射后该基因的表达被抑制,但是部分TRE的表达有互补性上升。其中TRE1-2和TRE2在各注射组处理下表达均下降,dsTRE1s对TRE2的表达也有抑制效果,整体上dsTRE1混合注射组和海藻糖酶抑制剂Validamycin抑制效果明显;dsTRE注射组抑制CHS表达效果不明显,Validamycin能够显著降低CHS1和CHS1a在表皮中的表达,且2种dsTRE1注射后CHS1表达在上升,dsTRE1-2注射后表皮中的CHS1a的表达上升;Cht1和Cht8在dsTRE各注射组及Validamycin处理中表达下降或显著下降,dsTRE1-1注射后Cht2和Cht5表达显著上升;dsTRE1-2注射后Cht1、Cht6和Cht8表达下降,Cht2和Cht4表达显著上升;dsTRE2处理组中Cht1、Cht8和Cht10表达下降而Cht9表达显著上升;dsTRE1s注射后,Cht1和Cht5表达显著下降,而Cht9表达显著上升;Validamycin注射组中10个几丁质酶基因表达都显著或者极显著下降。【结论】TRE能够通过调控褐飞虱几丁质代谢途径来控制几丁质的合成,结果可为开展和筛选有效的海藻糖酶抑制剂控制褐飞虱等害虫提供理论依据。     

剑河县革东镇水稻测土配方施肥“3414”试验结果分析

通过对剑河县革东镇前进村氮、磷、钾"3414."的肥效试验,得出水稻生产中氮、磷、钾三元素的合理施用量,取得水稻肥效的最佳施肥量,为当地农民科学施肥提供依据。     

节瓜分子遗传图谱的构建与始雌花节位性状定位

【目的】构建节瓜分子遗传图谱,标记始雌花节位性状基因,为建立相关分子标记辅助育种体系、克隆雌性相关基因和转基因提供理论依据。【方法】以节瓜全雌系K36及弱雌系G4组配得到的115个F2单株为群体,利用AFLP、RAPD和SRAP标记技术构建节瓜的分子遗传连锁图谱,并定位始雌花节位性状基因。【结果】该图谱共包含13个连锁群,涉及93个AFLP标记、16个RAPD标记、35个SRAP标记。该图谱覆盖基因组1651.9cM,标记间平均距离为11.47cM。利用QTL Network2.0分析,检测到3个控制始雌花节位的QTL位点:fn1、fn2和fn3,其中fn1位于连锁群LG1上,fn2和fn3位于LG6上。这些QTL位点对雌花节位性状表型变异的贡献率分别为62.54%、0.2%、37.39%。【结论】本研究首次构建了节瓜的分子遗传图谱,并定位了3个控制始雌花节位性状的QTL位点,为进一步克隆雌性相关基因及分子标记辅助选择育种提供科学依据。     

杉木人工林立地质量的数量化评价

从21个立地因子中回归筛选出10个,与立地指数建立了数量化理论Ⅰ模型,并编制了开化杉木数量化立地指数得分表。分析结果表明,海拔、母岩、土壤厚度和土壤质地是影响开化杉木生长的主导立地因子。文中对这4个项目各类目组合而成的48个立地类型进行了数量化评价,预估出了各立地组合所潜在的生产能力。     

综合指数法定量评价玉米氮肥施用综合效应

针对传统农业技术措施的评价方法难以兼顾产量、品质、环境和资源成本等多因素的现状,采用戒上型隶属函数确定考核指标的隶属度值,采用相关分析法确定考核指标的权重系数,应用综合指数法定量、定性地对以氮肥施用综合效应为例的农业技术措施评价方法做了初步探讨。数据基于3年定位试验,研究不施氮肥、农民传统施氮、比传统施氮减氮20%的优化施肥、减氮20%配合秸秆还田、减氮20%施用包膜尿素对耕型壤质草甸土区玉米年际产量、土壤养分综合指数、肥料利用率、氮收获指数、氧化亚氮季节排放总量的影响。考核指标根据本试验设计的主要研究目的而选取。试验结果显示:减氮20%施用包膜尿素处理和减氮20%配合秸秆还田处理的综合评价指数分别比优化施肥处理高出37.0%和30.1%,比农民习惯施肥处理高出了33.2%和27.5%。根据试验技术措施的综合指数定量评价,建议推广比农民习惯施肥量减少氮量20%的包膜尿素一次性施入在玉米生产中的应用。     

ASVCP guidelines: quality assurance for portable blood glucose meter (glucometer) use in veterinary medicine

Portable blood glucose meters (PBGM, glucometers) are a convenient, cost effective, and quick means to assess patient blood glucose concentration. The number of commercially available PBGM is constantly increasing, making it challenging to determine whether certain glucometers may have benefits over others for veterinary testing. The challenge in selection of an appropriate glucometer from a quality perspective is compounded by the variety of analytic methods used to quantify glucose concentrations and disparate statistical analysis in many published studies. These guidelines were developed as part of the ASVCP QALS committee response to establish recommendations to improve the quality of testing using point‐of‐care testing (POCT) handheld and benchtop devices in veterinary medicine. They are intended for clinical pathologists and laboratory professionals to provide them with background knowledge and specific recommendations for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC), and to serve as a resource to assist the provision of advice to veterinarians and technicians to improve the quality of results obtained when using PBGM. These guidelines are not intended to be all‐inclusive; rather they provide a minimum standard for management of PBGM in the veterinary setting.