家蚕耐氟近等基因系SSH文库的构建及部分差异表达基因的分析

为了获取与家蚕耐氟性状相关的基因信息,利用家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种733新建立耐氟近等基因系,以回交11代的家蚕耐氟近等基因系群体中的耐氟个体和敏感个体的中肠为材料,构建家蚕耐氟近等基因系抑制消减杂交(SSH)cDNA文库。通过对抑制消减杂交cDNA文库中随机挑选的153个阳性克隆测序和聚类拼接,得到19个重叠群(con-tig)、47个已知功能基因(un igene)和28个未知功能基因。获得的表达序列标签(EST)经BLASTx比对和同源性分析,初步发现这些基因参与家蚕体内物质转运、能量代谢、基因转录、蛋白质合成与降解、蛋白质加工、信号转导、机体免疫防御、细胞结构形成等诸多生物学过程。采用实时定量RT-PCR方法,对部分基因在家蚕耐氟近等基因系群体中的耐氟个体和敏感个体的不同组织的表达进行定量分析,发现磷酸根离子转运蛋白基因、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成酶基因、液胞型H+-ATP酶基因、脂肪酶基因以及主要过敏原蛋白基因在耐氟个体的中肠、马氏管、脂肪体组织中的表达量有较明显上调。     

猪链球菌2型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

试验根据猪链球菌2型荚膜多糖（CPS）抗原设计CPS2J基因特异性引物,建立猪链球菌2型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法的标准曲线为y=-3.073x+36.87,r=0.995,熔解曲线只有单一的特异峰。敏感性试验显示,该方法可以检测出模板最低浓度为1.0×10¹拷贝/μL,是普通PCR的10倍;特异性试验显示,对猪链球菌2型具有良好的特异性,能够区分其他血清型猪链球菌和其他细菌;重复性试验变异系数为0.37%~0.63%,均低于2.5%。临床检测显示该方法的敏感性明显高于常规PCR方法和细菌分离的方法。以上结果表明,本研究建立的方法敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好,有利于对猪链球菌2型的快速检测。     

三江源区高寒草原土壤湿度变化特征及与气候因子的关系

利用青海省三江源区兴海县牧业气象站1999-2016年高寒草原土壤湿度、牧草生育期资料,分析了高寒草原土壤湿度的年、季变化特征以及牧草生长季不同生育期土壤湿度的变化特征及与气候因子的关系。结果表明:高寒草原0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40和40-50 cm土壤湿度均随年际延长呈增加趋势,春季除40-50 cm土层外,其他各层土壤湿度均随年际延长呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。高寒草原牧草生长季的土壤相对湿度随年际延长呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),且与生长季降水量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。随着气候变化,牧草抽穗、开花、成熟和枯黄期的土壤相对湿度随年际延长呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。牧草抽穗期、枯黄和全生育期的土壤湿度与气温呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。高寒草原牧草生长季土壤湿度的增加有利于草地植被生长。     

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.     

Study on Expression Difference of IGFBP-5 Gene in Different Tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi Horses

The study aimed to explore the mRNA expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene in different tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi horses.The expression of IGFBP-5 gene in different tissues of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,intercostal muscles,longissimus dorsi muscles,brachialis muscle and gluteus in two horses were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and compared the mRNA expression in the same tissues of two breeds.The results showed that the expression of IGFBP-5 in longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscle of two breeds were significantly higher than other tissues including heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine and cecum (P<0.05),and was the lowest in large intestine.The expression of IGFBP-5 in kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscles of Yanqi horse were higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse,and among those in longissimus dorsi muscle and large intestine of Yanqi horse were extremely significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.01),and in small intestine and cecum of Yanqi horse were significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.05).The test was for further researching the biological function of IGFBP-5 gene,and it could provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of production performance of horse in our country.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的共感染情况调查

为了调查山东省鸭疫里默氏杆菌病与其他疾病的混合感染情况,对从山东省6个肉鸭养殖较多县(市)收集到的118份样品进行了大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和鸭病毒性肝炎的分离鉴定。结果显示,鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌单独感染分别占到样品总数的21.18%和11.86%,鸭疫里默氏杆菌与大肠杆菌和鸭病毒性肝炎的双重感染最为普遍,分别占到样品总数的38.14%和18.64%,鸭疫里默氏杆菌、鸭大肠杆菌、鸭病毒性肝炎的三重感染占到样品总数的6.78%。其中,鸭大肠杆菌的优势血清型为O₇₈和O₉₂,分别占总分离株数的16.90%和15.49%,其次是血清型O₉₃和O₁₄₂,分别占到总分离株的11.27%和8.45%。     

禽腺病毒血清4型感染鸡组织中NLRP3基因转录水平的实时荧光定量PCR分析

旨在分析禽腺病毒血清4型(FAdV-4)感染鸡组织中NLRP3基因的转录水平,本研究设计鸡NLRP3特异性引物,利用RT-PCR扩增NLRP3基因180 bp片段并克隆至pMD-18T载体,制备重组质粒pMD-18T-NL-RP3.以pMD-18T-NLRP3质粒作为标准品进行荧光定量PCR并建立标准曲线.通过反应条件...     

Morphological variation in the short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia) in Ecuador,with comments on the practical and philosophical aspects of boundaries among species

The mechanisms for the morphological delimitation of species in Carollia remain poorly understood. This is the first study to assess variation in size and shape from strictly geometric terms. Both factors are assessed by statistical perspectives of distribution, overlap and relative distances. Despite its overlap, the size of the skull seems to be the most influential character for the discrimination of species, with shape playing a much smaller role. The smallest species seems to be the most distinct in shape, not only in terms of distance among centroids in morphometric space, but also in the overall trend and direction of variation. Contrary to previous studies, sexual dimorphism is not given by size but by distinct shapes of the skull. Characters such as the shape of the maxilla, previously described qualitatively as discrete with sharp boundaries, appear to be truly continuous with fuzzy borders among species. Because morphometric space is a gamut of continuous variation and overlap, the taxonomic error rate for size characters seems to be substantial for the medium-sized species (Carollia brevicauda Schinz, 1821), with approximately 30–40% of individuals erroneously assigned to a different species after a jackknifed discriminant function. This taxonomic error is higher for shape characters. Morphological, systematic and ecological consequences of the observed patterns of shape and size variation are commented within the context of previously proposed arguments and hypotheses.     

返青期休牧对退化高寒草甸植被生长及其优势植物垂穗披碱草光合作用的影响

返青期休牧为退化草地恢复中最经济可行的措施且已得到了较广泛的推广和应用,为探索返青期休牧对高寒草地植物生长及光合特性的影响,本研究于2015年开始在青海省祁连山区进行返青期休牧试验,于2018年和2019年调查并测定试验样地植物群落特征和光合生理指标。结果表明：返青期休牧4年后,草地总盖度、优势种牧草垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）高度、地上生物量和地下生物量较未休牧分别提高了35%,777%,1140%和217%,垂穗披碱草叶绿素含量和净光合速率分别增加了172%和146%;草地总盖度、地上生物量和垂穗披碱草叶绿素含量及净光合速率在休牧第4年和休牧第5年之间差异不显著。因此,在高寒草地实施返青期休牧可提高优势牧草光合作用、促进退化草地植被的恢复,且退化草地植被在休牧一定年限后趋于稳定。本研究为青藏高原推广实施返青期休牧这一措施来恢复退化草地植被提供了理论基础。