南瓜籽油的水酶法提取工艺及产品的理化性质

为提高南瓜籽油的出油率和出油品质,采用水酶法建立南瓜籽油提取工艺,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化提取工艺条件,并对南瓜籽油的理化性质和主要营养组分进行了分析。研究结果表明,水酶法提取南瓜籽油的较佳工艺条件为：复合酶配比1∶6∶6（酸性蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶）、复合加酶量1.2%、酶解pH值为4.0、酶解温度48℃、酶解时间3 h,南瓜籽出油率为38.34%。对比超临界CO2提取法出油率32.90%和超声波溶剂法出油率44.60%,使用水酶法出油率较高,所提取的南瓜籽油色泽明亮,澄清透明,富含不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇和维生素E等营养成分,其理化性质优于其他2种方法提取的油脂,各项指标均达到了国家食用油标准,是具有特殊功能的营养保健油源。     

秋植小南瓜新品种引种试验

对10个小南瓜新品种进行引种试验,结果表明:东升表现为丰产、较早熟、耐热、极耐寒、抗病性强;商品瓜颜色金黄色、光泽度高、瓜形均匀端正、畸形瓜少、耐贮藏、适合长途运输,具有极强的市场竞争力,可作为当家品种大面积推广种植.     

Investigations on the effect of traditional food processing,preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients: A case study in Tanzania

The effect of traditional food proceesing, preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients was studied using cassava, pumpkin and mwage leaves. Traditional cooking method for 90 min for cassava, 50 min for pumpkin and mwage leaves resulted in significant losses in protein, fats and vitamins. Sundrying using traditional mats caused losses of vitamin A of 36.3%, 38.0% and 50.3% for cassava pumpkin and mwage leaves respectively. Storage using earthenware pots for six weeks resulted in significant losses of vitamin C. In general, traditional methods for processing, preservation and storage of vegetables cause significant losses of nutrients, an effect that could account for poor, nutritional status in Morogoro region (Tanzania).     

安徽省太和县中国南瓜曲叶病毒自然侵染南瓜的检测分析

中国南瓜曲叶病毒(squash leaf curl China virus, SLCCNV)是一种植物单链DNA病毒, 属于双生病毒科Geminiviridae菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus?在自然条件下该病毒可以侵染多种葫芦科作物, 如南瓜?甜瓜等?该病毒由烟粉虱进行持久性传播, 是影响瓜类产量和品质的重要病害?2021年4月-5月, 安徽省太和县温室大棚中的南瓜叶片出现斑驳?皱缩?卷曲以及植株矮化等现象, 我们采集了具有典型病毒病症状的南瓜病叶样品以及烟粉虱虫体进行RT-PCR鉴定, 结合测序结果鉴定危害南瓜的病毒为SLCCNV?为了进一步明确安徽太和地区SLCCNV的系统进化特征, 我们测定了SLCCNV的外壳蛋白基因(coat protein, CP)序列并进行系统发育分析, 结果表明安徽太和县所检测到的SLCCNV分离物与中国广东和海南地区的分离物亲缘关系较近, 并且与越南?菲律宾?柬埔寨?泰国等一些国家的分离物处于同一个大分支, 存在较小的地域差异性, 而与印度和孟加拉国地区的分离物亲缘关系相对较远, 处于不同的大分支?本研究是安徽省SLCCNV侵染南瓜的首次报道, 期望为该病害的预警和防控提供理论依据?     

中国南瓜突变体库构建及表型变异的初步分析

为促进中国南瓜功能基因组学的研究,以中国南瓜高代自交系N87的种子为试验材料,构建中国南瓜突变体库。将材料在不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液中处理不同时间,并对诱变后代的表型变异特征进行分析。结果表明,以诱变后南瓜种子的发芽率、成苗率及幼苗生长状况为指标,筛选出1.6% EMS处理12 h为中国南瓜种子最佳诱变条件。使用最佳诱变条件处理10 000粒中国南瓜种子,构建了由725个M₂家系组成的中国南瓜突变体库,该突变体库在叶片、株型、生殖器官、果实等性状上均存在丰富的变异,总变异频率达11.2%。通过构建和分析F₂分离群体,明确白花突变和短蔓突变为单基因隐性突变。本研究成功构建了中国南瓜突变体库,不仅丰富了中国南瓜种质资源,还为中国南瓜功能基因组学研究和新品种选育奠定了基础。     

裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本雄花不育产生的原因

2000年－2004年,在甘肃河西走廊的酒泉市布置田间试验,研究了生理和遗传因素、密度、温度对裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本经历一段雄性不育期的影响。结果表明：裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本雄花开放后经历4~9d的不育雄花期才能开放正常雄花,这是一种自身的生理遗传特征;密度对小瓜型父本雄花不育程度有影响,密度越大雄花不育时间越长,单株产生的无效雄花数越多。25cm×90cm密度条件下不育雄花经历11d,比35cm×90cm、40cm×90cm分别长1d和2d,25cm株距单株平均不育雄花数为8.7个,比35cm、40cm株距分别多1.3个和2.2个,40cm×90cm为理想播种密度;从父本播种到有效雄花开放这一时段温度越高,无效雄花开放的时间越短,较低温度条件下,单株不育雄花数量增加,不育雄花开放经历时间增加。裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本经历一段雄性不育期除自身的生理遗传特征外,密度、雄花开放前温度也是重要的影响因素。     

Gene for broad, contiguous dark stripes in cocozelle squash (Cucurbita pepo)

Alternating intense (dark) and light stripes on the fruits are a fairly common feature of Cucurbita pepo, a highly variable species encompassing various kinds of pumpkins, squash, and gourds. The intense stripes can be narrow and broken or broad and contiguous. Narrow, broken intense striping is conferred by allele l-1 ^St, which is dominant to allele l-1 for non-striped, lightly colored fruits and recessive to allele L-1 for non-striped, intensely colored fruits. Cocozelle-type squash often exhibit broad, contiguous intense stripes. The inheritance of this characteristic was studied by transferring it from cocozelle squash and preparing nearly isogenic lines having broad-striped, narrow-striped, and non-striped light-colored fruits. In the broad-striped near-isogenic line, the intense stripes averaged 37% wider than in its narrow-striped counterpart. The broad-striped line was crossed with the narrow-striped line, the non-striped light-colored line, and the non-striped intense-colored `Fordhook Zucchini'. Broad striping was dominant to narrow striping and to non-striped light and conferred by a single gene; it was recessive to non-striped intense. The gene for broad striping was found to be allelic to that for narrow striping and to that for non-stripe dintense and is herein assigned the symbol l-1 ^BSt. Dominance relationships at the l-1 locus were observed to be L-1>l-1 ^BSt >l-1 ^St >l-1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

富硒双歧杆菌南瓜菌粉的研制

为研制成本低且具有合生元效果的富硒双歧杆菌制剂,以南瓜为主要原料,通过响应面法优化最佳培养基配方,考察多种双歧杆菌在最优培养基中的生长情况及富硒能力。研究结果表明,当培养基组成为：南瓜汁浓度16.09%、大豆蛋白胨3.24%、半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.28‰时,动物双歧杆菌01的活菌数可以达到9.37±008 lgCFU/mL,高于在MRS、GMRS、PYG和TPY培养该菌所得的活菌数量。在上述优化南瓜汁培养基中培养,动物双歧杆菌01、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、假小链双歧杆菌和动物双歧杆菌BB12的有机硒含量可以达到(13.20±0.39)~(78.11±0.42) μg/g菌体,有机硒转化率为1.76%~6.41%。培养获得的双歧杆菌以南瓜汁和脱脂乳为保护剂,冻干存活率可以达到70.8%±0.5%。研究证明了南瓜果肉作为双歧杆菌增殖和保护基质的潜质,并为富硒双歧杆菌南瓜粉制剂的研制提供了理论依据。     

不同整枝方式对贝贝南瓜生长、果实特性及产量的影响

为提高贝贝南瓜的种植水平和种植效益,筛选适宜的整枝方式,以不整枝栽培为对照,研究了单蔓、双蔓、三蔓整枝方式对贝贝南瓜的品质及产量的影响。结果表明：采用双蔓整枝、三蔓整枝方式比对照分别提早采收4、3 d,叶片浓绿,长势较好,病虫害发生较少,第1雌花节位低,分别在7.3、7.4节,坐果率分别为97.00%、95.83%,果型大小均匀,平均单果质量分别为0.40、0.38 kg。双蔓整枝方式667 m²产量可达2 502.06 kg,三蔓整枝方式次之,为2 467.5 kg,分别较对照显著提高58.2%、44.1%。生产中建议贝贝南瓜选择双蔓整枝方式为最佳,可促进南瓜早熟,提高坐果率,降低畸形果率,提高产量;三蔓枝可备选。