Humoral Response to 2 Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype‐8 Vaccines in South American Camelids

Background: Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV‐8) has caused disease in domestic ruminants in several countries of northern Europe since 2006. In 2008 a mass‐vaccination program was launched in most affected countries using whole virus inactivated vaccines. Objective: To evaluate 2 inactivated vaccines (Bovilis BTV 8; BTVPUR AlSap8) for immunogenicity and safety against BTV‐8 in South American camelids (SAC) in a field trial. Animals: Forty‐two SAC (25 Alpacas, 17 Llamas) aged between 1 and 16 years. Methods: The animals were vaccinated twice at intervals of 21 days. They were observed clinically for adverse local, systemic, or both reactions throughout the trial. Blood samples collected on days 0, 14, 21, 43, and 156 after vaccination were tested for the presence of BTV‐8 virus by real time‐polymerase chain reaction and of specific antibodies by competitive ELISA and a serum neutralization test. Results: All vaccinated animals developed antibodies to BTV‐8 after the 2nd administration of the vaccine. No adverse effects were observed except for moderate local swellings at the injection site, which disappeared within 21 days. Slightly increased body temperatures were only observed in the first 2 days after vaccination. The BTV was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The administration of the 2 inactivated commercial vaccines was safe and induced seroconversion against BTV‐8 in all vaccinated animals. The results of this study suggest that 2 doses injected 3 weeks apart is a suitable vaccination regimen for SAC.     

土壤消毒在辽宁省设施蔬菜土传病害上的应用

设施蔬菜生产面积不断扩大,由于农民过分追求产量和效益,对土壤过度消耗,导致设施蔬菜生产中土传病害越来越严重.解决土传病害成了设施蔬菜生产中的一大难题,选择抗病品种、农业防治、土壤消毒等方法都是解决土传病害的重要途径.该文详细介绍了土壤消毒技术的作用原理、操作方法,科学分析了土壤消毒技术在实际应用中存在的问题以及正确使用...     

设施番茄连作障碍土壤修复及其对青枯病害的防治效果

连作障碍的土壤修复是世界性难题。本研究利用土壤微生态修复剂结合青枯病植物疫苗菌剂来改良土壤和预防青枯病发生。在连作7年的番茄地,设3种处理,处理1为添加量60 t/hm²的土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗100倍稀释液,处理2为添加量30 t/hm²的土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗100倍稀释液,CK为不添加土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗,研究不同处理对连作番茄土壤养分、土壤酶活性、植株生长特性及病害防效的影响。结果表明,土壤微生态修复剂2种不同添加量处理的番茄土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和交换性钙含量均显著高于对照,而全钾含量显著低于对照;两种不同添加量处理的番茄土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照,添加量为30 t/hm²处理的土壤各酶活性（酸性磷酸酶除外）大于添加量为60 t/hm²处理的土壤;添加30 t/hm²处理的单果重量（113.82 g）显著高于添加量60 t/hm²处理（104.07 g）和对照处理（104.99 g）（P<0.05）,其对番茄青枯病防效达91.87%,大于添加量为60 t/hm²处理的防效（55.34%）。     

新城疫病毒F48E9株M和NP基因的原核表达

根据新城疫病毒（NDV）F48E9国内标准强毒株编码序列设计了2对特异性引物,分别用于扩增M和NP基因。经序列测定,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a（＋）上,转化E．coliBL21（DE3）,筛选表达NDVF48E9株M蛋白和NP蛋白的菌株。IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,NDVM蛋白在E．coliBL21（DE3）内以可溶形式存在,而NP蛋白以包涵体的形式表达。用纯化的M和NP蛋白免疫鸡制备超免疫血清,进行Western-blot分析;结果,它们可以与真核表达系统表达的M和NP蛋白以及NDV发生特异性反应,表明,原核表达系统表达的NDVM和NP蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性。     

广西山羊蓝舌病血清学调查及流行区域分布的影响因素分析

为了解广西地区山羊蓝舌病(BT)流行现状,本研究采用免疫扩散试验对采自广西11个地区的3 646份山羊血清进行BT血清学调查,结果表明,广西地区山羊群普遍存在BT感染,并且血清阳性率存在地域性差异,阳性率为6.3%～45.1%,平均阳性率为20.5%。对不同生长阶段山羊的血清阳性率进行统计,结果显示成年羊的阳性率高于羔羊,分别为22.1%和17.4%,这可能与成年羊接触媒介昆虫的机会较多有关。对BT流行区域分布与地理位置和气候等自然因素之间的相关性分析表明,广西山羊BT血清阳性率与地理位置有一定相关性,与年平均气温显著相关,与年平均降雨量无显著相关性,由此可见,地理位置和气温是BT流行病学的影响因素。     

香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)侵染对寄主内源激素的影响

 本试验用ELISA方法测定了香蕉感染束顶病毒(BBTV)后植株体内的3种内源激素,赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素类(iPAs)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化。结果表明,感株的GA₃水平在侵染过程中虽有微弱增加,但含量和增长速度显著低于健株对照;iPAs在接种BBTV第14天后明显下降,并维持较低水平;ABA在BBTV侵染后被大量诱导增加并不断积累,在接种后第35天测定含量最高,为对照的3.34倍。试验还同时检测了BBTV在侵染过程中的运转。用间接ELISA测定的接种叶和顶叶的BBTV含量显示:接种21天后BBTV在接种叶和顶叶中还大量增殖,呈系统性分布。但寄主的症状在接种35天后才逐渐在顶叶表现。以上结果表明:香蕉束顶病的症状表现似乎主要与病株中的内源激素的失调有关,而与BBTV在体内的运转并不直接相关     

Groundnut Rust (Puccinia arachidis) in Brunei

Abstract

A field trial was conducted during the cotton growing seasons of 1978-79 and 1979-80 at Hissar, Haryana (India) to determine the capture threshold of male pink bollworm moths in traps baited with gossyplure for timing the insecticidal application. It was found that application of insecticides when the number of male moths averaged 4 or 8 per trap per night was superior to fixed spray schedule (spraying at an interval of 13-14 days starting from middle of August) in reducing the pink bollworm incidence and obtaining higher yield of seed cotton. For effective and economic control of the pest, insecticides should be applied within 24-48 hours when the number of male moths captured in gossyplure baited traps reaches 8 per trap per night.     

Evidence of low levels of genetic diversity for the Phytophthora austrocedrae population in Patagonia,Argentina

Phytophthora austrocedrae is a recently discovered pathogen that causes severe mortality of Austrocedrus chilensis in Patagonia. The high level of susceptibility of the host tree, together with the distribution pattern of the pathogen, have led to the hypothesis that P. austrocedrae was introduced into Argentina. The aim of this study was to assess the population structure of P. austrocedrae isolates from Argentina in order to gain an understanding of the origin and spread of the pathogen. Genetic diversity was determined based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In total, 48 isolates of P. austrocedrae were obtained from infected A. chilensis trees, representing the geographical range of the host. Four primer combinations were used for the AFLP analysis. Of the 332 scored bands, 12% were polymorphic. Gene diversity (h) ranged from 0·01 to 0·03; the Shannon index (I) ranged from 0·01 to 0·04. A high degree of genetic similarity was observed among the isolates (pairwise S values = 0·958–1; 0·993 ± 0·009, mean ± SD). A frequency histogram showed that most of the isolate pairs were identical. Principal coordinate analysis using three‐dimensional plots did not group any of the isolates based on their geographical origin. The low genetic diversity (within and between sites) and absence of population structure linked to geographic origin, together with the aggressiveness of the pathogen and the disease progression pattern, suggest that P. austrocedrae might have been introduced into Argentina.