传染性支气管炎病毒嗜腺胃毒株(ZJ971毒株)结构蛋白和S1基因的结构分析

对来自浙江地区的传染性支气管炎病毒嗜腺胃毒株（ＺＪ９７１株）的结构蛋白进行了ＳＤＳ电泳分析，用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增其Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ，并作了测序分析。结果显示，ＺＪ９７１株结构蛋白由２１２０００、１４６０００、９７４００等８条蛋白带组 其他传染性支气管炎病毒株相比缺损１１６０００蛋白条带；Ｓ１基因全长为１７２０ｎｔ，编码１条５５１个氨基酸组成的多肽，其核心苷酸与其他传染性支气管炎病毒株的同源性为９９．     

健康成鸡腺胃粘膜的扫描电镜观察

观察了5只健康成年母鸡腺胃粘膜上皮及其固有层腺体的亚显微结构。结果,粘膜表面散布许多隆起的乳头,其上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞顶端呈球状冠,表面布满球形微突;浅层单管腺上皮细胞形态与粘膜上皮细胞相似;深层复管腺的分泌导管开口于乳头顶端。复管腺由许多圆形或多形性小叶组成,每个腺小叶包括1个集合窦和许多围绕集合窦呈辐射状排列的腺小管。腺小管上皮细胞游离端呈椭球状冠。     

EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA,POSITIONING, TIME,AND FEEDING ON THE PROVENTRICULUS: KEEL RATIO OF CLINICALLY HEALTHY PARROTS

Healthy, adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) were imaged on three occasions to determine the effects of anesthesia, patient rotation, feeding, and short/long‐term temporal factors on the proventriculus:keel ratio. Increasing rotation up to 15° from right lateral resulted in increased inability to measure the proventriculus in up to 44% of birds, meaning that the proventriculus:keel ratio could not be calculated from those radiographs. There was a significant difference between the proventriculus:keel ratio for individual parrots when quantified 3 weeks apart. Despite this difference, all ratios remained within normal limits. No significant effect was identified due to anesthesia, feeding, fasting, or repeated imaging through an 8‐h period. Interobserver agreement for measurability and correlation for the proventriculus:keel ratio values was high. It is recommended that the proventriculus:keel ratio be calculated from anesthetized parrots to attain images in true lateral recumbency. Ratio fluctuations within the normal range between radiographs obtained on different dates may be observed in normal parrots.     

鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎的病理变化

对１９９５年以来在江苏一些县市养鸡场和养鸡专业户蛋鸡群发生的鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎的自然病例和人工感染病例进行了系统的病理学观察。自然病例和人工感染病例的病理变化基本相同。其主要眼观病理变化为腺胃显著肿大,小肠充血、出血和炎症;主要组织学变化为腺胃粘膜充血、出血、炎性水肿和浅层坏死,小肠粘膜急性炎症变化,肝、心、肾等实质细胞变性以至局灶性坏死,脾、胸腺及法氏囊的淋巴组织萎缩。     

绍鸭腺胃蛙皮素细胞生长发育的免疫组织化学观测

采用免疫组织化学ABC方法，显示绍兴麻鸭胚后期腺胃蛙皮素免疫反应细胞（P细胞）的形态及其分布，分别计数每个周龄阶段的腺胃腺叶和表面上皮中蛙皮素免疫反应细胞的数量，并进行了统计学分析。结果表明：P细胞形态多样，以卵圆形、多面体形为主，并且有胞质突起。P细胞多分散分布于腺叶的中间与内侧区，个别分布在表面上皮中。腺叶P细胞的生长峰期为0～6周龄，以后下降，表面上皮P细胞生长峰期为0～10周龄，以后迅速下降。各周龄腺叶P细胞数明显多于表面上皮P细胞数。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒D971分离株与M41株、T株接种鸡的病理形态学比较研究

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒D971分离株感染SPF鸡后主要表现为消瘦、稀便、伴有轻微的呼吸症状；剖检可见腺胃乳头肿胀、充出血、或乳头凹陷，并附有大量黏液；组织学观察可见腺胃黏膜上皮和固有层有坏死、脱落或溃疡，个别病例见有淋巴样细胞浸润，肌胃黏膜有中度坏死，伴有少量淋巴样细胞浸润，实质器官细胞变性、坏死，脾、胸腺及法氏囊的淋巴细胞有较为明显的坏死。M41株和T株感染SPF鸡后，其腺胃变化不明显。     

FLUOROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE NORMAL GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY AND MEASUREMENTS IN THE HISPANIOLAN AMAZON PARROT (AMAZONA VENTRALIS)

Contrast fluoroscopy is a valuable tool to examine avian gastrointestinal motility. However, the lack of a standardized examination protocol and reference ranges prevents the objective interpretation of motility disorders and other gastrointestinal abnormalities. Our goals were to evaluate gastrointestinal motility in 20 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) by contrast fluoroscopy. Each parrot was crop‐fed an equal part mixture of barium sulfate and hand‐feeding formula and placed in a cardboard box for fluoroscopy. Over a 3‐h period, 1.5 minute segments of lateral and ventrodorsal fluoroscopy were recorded every 30 min. The gastric cycle and patterns of intestinal motility were described. The frequency of crop contractions, esophageal boluses, and gastric cycles were determined in lateral and ventrodorsal views. A range of 3.4–6.6 gastric cycles/min was noted on the lateral view and 3.0–6.6 gastric cycles/min on the ventrodorsal view. Circular measurements of the proventriculus diameter, ventriculus width, and length were obtained using the midshaft femoral diameter as a standard reference unit. The upper limits of the reference ranges were 3.6 and 4.7 femoral units for the proventriculus diameter in the lateral and ventrodorsal view, respectively. Two consecutive measurements were obtained and the measurement technique was found to have high reproducibility. In this study, we established a standardized protocol for contrast fluoroscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract and a reliable measurement method of the proventriculus and ventriculus using femoral units in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot.     

鸡传染性支气管炎腺胃型病毒的分离与鉴定

从郑州某鸡场的病鸡中分离到１株病毒,经人工接种易感染鸡,可在第６ｄ出现精神不振,拉稀,第８ｄ出现死亡;并可致死部分鸡胚及产生卷曲胚,在鸡胚中干扰鸡新城疫病毒Ｌａｓｏｔａ株的生长,但不能凝集鸡红细胞,经１％胰酶处理后能集鸡红细胞,在电镜下观察,可看到直径约１００－１６０ｎｍ,周围有疏松突起,排列成花冠状的病毒粒子。初步鉴定了分离株是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病原特性与多肽分析

从患传染性腺胃病的病鸡中分离到4 株病毒,其中H95株在SPF鸡胚上已稳定传代。病料及H95 传代后的鸡胚尿囊液经蔗糖梯度和CsCl密度梯度离心后的纯化物,电镜下为大小80～160 nm 、有囊膜的病毒颗粒,囊膜表面有纤突,呈冠状形态。病毒在CsCl中的浮密度为1.19～1.23 g/cm 3, 对热和氯仿敏感,耐酸,能抵抗1% 胰酶,无直接血凝性,经卵磷脂酶C处理后的病毒则能凝集鸡红细胞,能干扰新城疫病毒在鸡胚上的增殖。应用杂交瘤技术筛选出4 株抗H95株的阳性克隆,经Western blotting, 其中3 株单抗能识别54 kd 蛋白多肽,该条带也能与来自鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV) M41 株的针对N 蛋白的单抗反应。中和试验表明, H95株与其它IBV 毒株在血清型上存在差异。上述研究结果初步表明,鸡传染性腺胃病的病原是冠状病毒科的成员,并且很可能是鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)中以腺胃病变为主要特征的一种新的致病病型。     

腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定及免疫试验

从山东省某鸡场发生的以腺胃肿大为特征病变的病鸡群中分离获得了 1株具有冠状病毒特性的病毒。该分离毒株在电镜下可见到直径为 80～ 14 0 nm、有囊膜及纤突呈冠状排列的病毒粒子。感染鸡胚的尿囊液没有血凝活性 ,经1%胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞 ,其血凝活性可被传染性支气管炎部分毒株的阳性血清所抑制 ;经 SPF鸡胚传代时 ,可使胚胎发生规律性死亡 ,胚体卷缩 ,呈现明显的侏儒胚特征 ;接种于 10日龄 SPF雏鸡 ,从具有相似病变特征的病鸡腺胃组织中可再分离到该病毒。血清中和试验表明 ,部分传染性支气管炎病毒株阳性血清对其具有不同程度的中和作用。据此 ,确定该分离株为可导致鸡腺胃肿大的传染性支气管炎病毒。用具有腺胃肿大病变的病鸡脏器制备的组织灭活疫苗和用传代鸡胚尿囊液制备的油乳剂灭活疫苗 ,可使鸡获得较好的免疫力 ,能有效地预防本病的发生