甘薯卷叶病毒江苏分离物基因组全长序列测定及其外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了制备甘薯卷叶病毒(SPLCV)的特异性抗体,克隆了甘薯卷叶病毒江苏分离物SPLCV(JS∶XZ∶3-2)的全长基因,并对其基因结构及分子变异情况进行分析,同时对外壳蛋白(CP)基因进行了克隆和表达。利用PCR方法扩增并克隆了SPLCV(JS∶XZ∶3-2)的全基因组,测序分析表明,SPLCV(JS∶XZ∶3-2)基因组全长为2 834bp,含有6个开放阅读框架,与已发表的SPLCV其他分离物相比,全基因组核苷酸序列相似性为82.7%～94.4%。其中,CP基因由765个核苷酸组成,共编码254个氨基酸残基。SPLCV CP基因核苷酸序列与其他分离物的相似性在89.2%～90.6%,其中与SPLCV美国分离物(HQ333135)的相似性最高,为90.6%;与日本分离物(AB433788)的相似性最低,为89.2%;与中国大陆分离物(FJ515896)CP基因的核苷酸序列相似性为90.2%。将SPLCV CP基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3上,获得重组质粒,经IPTG诱导表达、SDS-PAGE分析得到了大小约为54.3kD的融合蛋白条带,说明CP基因在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达。     

Bt抗虫棉新品系毒蛋白表达差异分析

【目的】本研究旨在探讨部分抗虫棉不抗虫的原因。【方法】通过室内生物测定、卡那霉素、Bt-Cry1Ab/Ac试纸条、PCR分析、Southern blot检测和Bt蛋白含量检测等方法分析了23个抗虫棉新品系的抗虫性。【结果】生测结果表明供试品系间幼虫死亡率差异显著。卡那霉素、Bt-Cry1Ab/Ac试纸条、PCR分析和Southern blot检测结果表明,Bt基因在供试材料中整合并稳定遗传且为单拷贝。RT-PCR结果表明,各试验品系Bt基因相对表达量差异较大,花期叶片Bt基因的相对表达量最高;Bt蛋白检测结果发现抗虫棉Bt蛋白表达量在生育前期大于后期,营养器官中的大于生殖器官,不同年份Bt蛋白含量差异显著。幼虫死亡率与Bt基因相对表达量的相关系数仅为0.1745,与Bt蛋白的相关系数为0.7130,表明Bt蛋白含量越高,抗虫性越好;各组织器官的Bt蛋白与Bt基因的相对表达量相关系数为-0.3659~0.2542,二者表达趋势不一致,表明遗传背景对抗虫棉Bt蛋白的表达具有一定影响。且Bt基因可能在转录后受到调控导致Bt蛋白含量发生变化,从而影响了抗虫棉的抗虫性。【结论】这些结果有望为抗虫棉育种提供参考。     

棉花2个新的PPR基因的克隆及表达模式分析

【目的】从棉花中克隆2个新的PPR基因,分析其序列结构、基因表达和亚细胞定位,为深入研究这2个基因在棉花中的功能提供依据。【方法】利用棉花EST库,通过RT-PCR从陆地棉徐州142中克隆得到2个PPR基因：GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2;应用生物信息学方法对2个基因编码蛋白序列进行预测分析,利用半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR的方法分析目的基因在不同组织及纤维不同发育时期的表达模式;利用棉花子叶瞬时表达系统对上述2个基因编码的蛋白进行亚细胞定位。【结果】GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2均属于PPR基因家族的PLS亚家族;GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2的开放读码框的长度分别为1 917和2 556 bp,编码638和851个氨基酸;GhPPRH1蛋白有18个PPR基序,包含1个E+结构域和1个DYW结构;GhPPRH2蛋白有17个PPR基序,包含1个E结构域,1个E+结构域和1个DYW结构;将GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2蛋白的氨基酸序列与GenBank数据库中的9条同源蛋白以及棉花中已经报道的5个PPR蛋白的氨基酸序列进行比对,构建系统进化树,结果显示,GhPPRH1与水稻RF1b蛋白亲缘关系较近,推测其可能与胞质雄性不育的育性恢复相关,而GhPPRH2与玉米PPR5蛋白亲缘关系最近,推测可能会影响细胞器一些转录本的RNA编辑;半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR的结果表明,GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2在根、茎、叶、花及纤维发育不同时期均有表达,GhPPRH1在根中表达较高,而GhPPRH2在根、叶及15 d的纤维中表达较高;亚细胞定位结果显示,GFP标记的GhPPRH1蛋白的绿色荧光与线粒体Marker的红色荧光重叠,表明该蛋白可能定位于线粒体,GFP标记的GhPPRH2蛋白的绿色荧光与叶绿体自发的红色荧光重叠,表明GhPPRH2可能定位在叶绿体。【结论】从棉花中获得2个新的PPR基因,均属于PLS亚家族成员,亚细胞定位显示可能在线粒体和叶绿体中,推测其功能可能与细胞器中RNA的加工、修饰等过程有关。     

Low potassium diets with different levels of calcium in comparison with different anionic diets fed to prepartum dairy cows: Effects on sorting behaviour,total tract digestibility,energy metabolism,oxidative status and hormonal response

This study investigated the effects of low potassium diets with different levels of Ca compared to two diets low in dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) fed prepartum as a strategy to prevent hypocalcemia on sorting behaviour, total tract digestibility, oxidative status and energy and protein metabolism of transition cows. Forty-eight pregnant dairy cows were assigned to 4 treatment groups: Low Ca, low K (LCLK), High Ca, low K (HCLK), Supplementation with anionic mineral mixture (AMS) supplementation with SoyChlor (CAS). After parturition, all animals were fed a standard postpartum diet. Data were collected until 21 DIM. Prepartum urinary pH was significantly reduced by the low DCAD diets, while postpartum Ca homeostasis was affected by the HCLK ration. Feeding AMS induced sorting against particles <1.18 mm in favour of particles >19 mm prepartum. In contrast, cows fed CAS showed an increase in selective consumption of fine particles and sorted against longer particles similar to the HCLK and LCLK groups. Postpartum sorting activity was not affected by the dietary treatments. After calving, apparent digestibility of NDF was significantly reduced in the HCLK group. Prepartum, we observed effects on serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids were higher and insulin sensitivity was lower in the AMS group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was decreased in cows fed the CAS ration. Postpartum, we found serum protein to be decreased with the low DCAD diets while BUN was decreased in the CAS group. The low DCAD rations increased prepartum serum malondialdehyde concentrations, while postpartum total antioxidant capacity was lower in the HCLK and the AMS group. From these data, we conclude that AMS decreased prepartum intake due to compromised palatability. Intermediate protein metabolism was affected by the low DCAD diets, while parameters of oxidative stress were probably affected by acid–base balance and Ca homeostasis.     

烟夜蛾滞育蛹和非滞育蛹血淋巴可溶性蛋白含量及图谱初步研究

利用考马斯亮蓝法和SDS - PAGE电泳法测定并分析了烟夜蛾滞育蛹和非滞育蛹血淋巴可溶性蛋白含量及其组成.结果表明,非滞育蛹在化蛹后至羽化前可溶性蛋白呈现出“降低—升高—降低”的变化趋势,在5日龄时含量最高,而滞育蛹呈现出持续降低的变化趋势;除2日龄雌蛹外,其他日龄滞育与非滞育蛹的雌、雄个体间蛋白质含量均存在显著差异.蛋白质SDS - PAGE电泳图谱表明,滞育蛹与非滞育蛹血淋巴的蛋白组成存在明显差异.推测滞育蛹血淋巴可溶性蛋白含量及组成的变化与其抗寒性有关.     

甜菜热激蛋白基因BvHSP18.2的克隆和生物信息学分析

旨在通过基因克隆及生物信息学分析,预测甜菜小分子热激蛋白BvHSP18.2 (LOC104903994)的功能。以甜菜‘780016B/12 优’为试验材料克隆 BvHSP18.2,获得 BvHSP18.2 基因全长;通过 ProtParam tool、SWISS-MODEL、MEGA11 等对 BvHSP18.2 的理化性质、蛋白结构、多序列比对等信息进行分析。RT-PCR 扩增得到的 BvHSP18.2 基因全长为 962 bp,编码 158 个氨基酸,分子式为 C₉₂₈H₁₄₆₆N₂₆₆O₂₈₄S₆,属亲水性不稳定的小分子热激蛋白家族;该基因编码蛋白含13个磷酸化位点,α螺旋和无规则卷曲等主要构件。进化关系发现BvHSP18.2与藜麦、菠菜的s HSP同源性相似。同时,BvHSP18.2基因启动子区域具有参与防御和应激反应等顺式作用元件,推测其在甜菜生长发育和胁迫应答中发挥重要作用。本结果为进一步开展该基因的功能和遗传调控机制研究奠定了基础。     

木薯(Manihot esculenta)AKT1基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

植物细胞中的K^+通道蛋白AKT1(Arabidopsis K^+transpoter 1)主要负责吸收K^+。本研究基于木薯基因组数据库信息,利用PCR技术从木薯中克隆一个MeAKT1基因,该基因全长2634 bp,编码877个氨基酸,生物信息学分析表明MeAKT1含有10个外显子和9个内含子,编码的氨基酸分子量为99.02 kD,等电点为8.43,属于稳定蛋白。MeAKT1包含有5个跨膜区域,N端含有1个Ion_trans结构域,C端有1个KHA结构域,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,进化树分析发现MeAKT1与蓖麻RcAKT1的亲缘关系最近。通过对MeAKT1蛋白的生物信息学分析有助于下一步深入研究MeAKT1在木薯耐贫瘠过程中的功能。     

河南商丘地区棉花黄萎病菌分离鉴定和致病力分析

为探讨河南商丘地区棉花黄萎病菌的致病型群体变异,对该地区棉花上分离的8株单孢菌株的菌落形态、显微结构、致病力、ITS序列、系统进化及菌体蛋白等方面进行了研究。结果表明:这些菌株均属于棉花黄萎病菌Verticilliumdahliae;系统进化树显示8株菌株并没有聚在同一进化枝上;8株黄萎菌菌株存在致病力差异,SQ4菌株致病力最强,属于落叶型,而其它致病力较弱的7个菌株属于非落叶型;不同致病力的菌株间蛋白谱带存在差异。     

Environmental effects on feed utilization

Both external and internal factors affect the response of fish to variations in dietary quantity and quality. An attempt is made to review major, recent studies on the series of intermediate steps (intake, digestion, metabolism, excretion and retention) involved in the global response of fish to environmental changes. Among these external factors, greater attention is however devoted to those that are the most important natural effectors within the aquatic environment: temperature, ambient oxygen and salinity. The changes brought about by a change in temperature at different levels of nutrient utilization have been studied to a great extent in the recent past. As temperature affects in the first instance, the voluntary food intake, a discussion on current nutrient requirement data should preferably be dealt with in absolute terms. While critical levels of oxygen below which growth is hindered are sufficiently defined for many species, precise data on the direct effects of oxygen deficiency on nutrient utilization are still fragmentory. With regard to salinity, a distinction between stenohaline and euryhaline species and a knowledge of the physiological mechanisms corresponding to their life cycles are required before attempting comparative analyses. Within euryhaline species, best performances are noted at salinities isotonic to the internal medium. Despite accumulating evidence on the effects of cyclical phenomena, the chronobiological approach to fish culture remains practically unexplored.