Comparison of Multistix PRO dipsticks with other biochemical assays for determining urine protein (UP), urine creatinine (UC) and UP:UC ratio in dogs and cats

BACKGROUND: Urine protein: urine creatinine (UP:UC) ratio determined from the quantitative measurement of protein and creatinine in a single urine sample is the best feasible assessment of clinically significant proteinuria in dogs and cats. A dipstick that measures urine protein, urine creatinine, and UP:UC ratio has been used in human medicine and could have application for veterinary practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the Multistix PRO dipstick (Bayer Corporation, Elkhart, IN, USA) to other biochemical methods for determination of urine protein and creatinine, and UP:UC ratio in canine and feline urine. METHODS: A complete urinalysis, including sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) precipitation, was performed on urine samples submitted to our laboratory between February and April 2003 from 100 dogs and 49 cats. Urine protein and creatinine concentrations were determined by the Multistix PRO dipstick using a Clinitek 50 analyzer (Bayer) and compared with the results of SSA precipitation and quantitative biochemical analysis. The UP:UC ratios from the dipstick results (calculated by the Clinitek 50 and also manually) were compared with those calculated from quantitative values. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (using quantitative results as the gold standard) were determined. RESULTS: For both canine and feline urine, protein and creatinine concentrations determined by the Multistix PRO correlated closely with quantitative concentrations for protein (dogs r = .78, P = .0001; cats r = .87, P = .0001) and creatinine (dogs r = .78, P = .0001; cats r = .76, P = .0001). The Multistix PRO was more sensitive and less specific than SSA precipitation for diagnosing clinically significant proteinuria. UP:UC ratios obtained by manual calculation of dipstick results correlated best with quantitative UP:UC ratios in dogs, and had higher specificity but lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of proteinuria. In cats, UP:UC ratios determined by the dipstick method did not correlate (r = -.24, P = .0974) with quantitative values. CONCLUSIONS: The Multistix PRO, with manual calculation of UP:UC, may be a good alternative for the diagnosis of clinically significant proteinuria in dogs, but not cats. Dipstick creatinine concentration should be considered as an estimate.     

亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺-新基因（GP29）的原核表达及产物鉴定

将吸血诱导的亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺差异表达基因GP29的开放性阅读框插入pGEX-4T-1，转化BL21，表达出一相对质量为53ku的蛋白，其大小与预计结果一致。蛋白质的肽质量图谱和“1381．7511”肽段序列两方面的结果证明，SDS-PAGE胶板上相对质量为53ku的蛋白就是由目的基因表达的GST融合蛋白。该蛋白与Swiss PROT库中的任何蛋白均有较大差别，可能是一个新功能分子。     

饲料粗蛋白质含量测定中试样快速分解新法——H2O2-H2SO4-混合催化剂法

H2O2-H2SO4-混合催化剂法可使饲料试样在35 min内即可分解完全,极大提高了饲料粗蛋白质检测效率.该法操作简单、快速.     

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术研究进展

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术是从以动物脂肪细胞膜分离得到的膜蛋白作为抗原,通过被动免疫或主动免疫来破坏脂肪细胞,使脂肪组织中的细胞数量减少,限制其贮存脂肪的能力,从而达到调控动物生长和降低动物脂肪的目的。本文将对脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体的制备、作用机制及在动物上的使用效果进行阐述,并对此技术尚需解决的问题和发展方向进行综述。     

半胱亚磺酸脱羧酶(CSD)基因在大鼠睾丸组织中的表达及其序列分析

试验根据大鼠肝脏牛磺酸生物合成关键酶——半胱亚磺酸脱羧酶(CSD)基因已知核苷酸序列,设计了1对特异的寡核苷酸引物,对提取的睾丸组织总RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,扩增出468 bp的DNA片段,在国际上首次证明CSD基因在大鼠睾丸组织中存在表达,即牛磺酸可在大鼠睾丸组织中生物合成。测定了扩增的睾丸组织CSD基因核苷酸序列,并与已知肝脏CSD基因核苷酸序列及其对应的氨基酸序列作了同源性分析。结果表明:睾丸组织CSD基因核苷酸序列同已知肝脏CSD基因核苷酸序列的同源性为99.8%,其对应氨基酸序列的同源性为100%。     

饼粕发酵蛋白饲喂蛋鸡试验

将70%棉仁饼和30%菜籽饼混合发酵后制成饼粕发酵蛋白, 完全取代蛋鸡饲料配方中的豆饼或鱼粉进行蛋鸡饲喂试验。结果表明：在基础日粮中添加饼粕发酵蛋白分别替代豆饼和鱼粉后，平均产蛋率试验组比对照组分别降低了2.22%和2.21%，平均蛋重分别增加了2.31和2.03 g，投入产出比较对照组分别提高了3.6%和1.68%。     

谷氨酰胺对免疫细胞的影响研究进展

谷氨酰胺作为一种条件性必需氨基酸,在动物处于特殊生长阶段如幼龄期或在应激期间都显示出明显的免疫促进作用。动物免疫力的高低直接取决于各种免疫细胞如淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞的生长情况和免疫应答能力,谷氨酰胺的免疫促进作用与影响免疫细胞生长和免疫应答能力的发挥密切相关。本文就谷氨酰胺与免疫细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、分泌和热休克反应的研究进展做一综述。     

Dynamics of Protein 27 of Avian Leukosis Virus and Transforming Growth Factor β2 in Lymphoid Leukosis Susceptible and Resistant Broiler Chicken Breeding Stock

The dynamics of the serum concentration of protein 27 (P27) of avian leukosis virus and transforming growth factor ₂ (TGF-₂) were compared during the period between 29 and 59 weeks of age in two flocks of broiler chicken breeding stock undergoing outbreaks of severe lymphoid leukosis (LL) associated with persistent high mortality (susceptible) and in another two flocks of breeding stock with the presence of avian leukosis virus in association with low mortality due to LL (resistant). The average mean concentration of serum P27 in the LL-susceptible flocks was significantly higher (<0.05) than that in the LL-resistant flocks in six out of seven samplings performed at 5-week intervals, between 29 and 59 weeks of age. The peak in the average rise of serum P27 in the LL-resistant flocks (309 pg/ml) was associated with the highest level of TGF-₂ (1282 pg/ml) among all flocks and at all sampling times. The significance of TGF-₂ in inhibition of lymphoid tumour development is discussed.     

黄羽肉种鸡对棉籽粕、菜籽粕、禽副粉氨基酸消化率的比较研究

本试验对黄羽和爱拔益加肉种鸡在棉籽粕、菜籽粕、禽副粉3种饲料原料氨基酸消化率进行了比较研究。试验结果表明 ,经内源校正后 ,黄羽肉鸡对棉籽粕、禽副粉的总真氨基酸消化率高于爱拔益加肉鸡 ,对菜籽粕的总真氨基酸消化率和爱拔益加肉鸡十分接近。就单个饲料原料的总真氨基酸消化率而言 ,黄羽肉鸡对禽副粉的消化率最高 ,其次是菜粕和棉粕 ;爱拔益加肉鸡显示相同的规律 ;虽然爱拔益加肉鸡和黄羽肉鸡在谷氨基、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸的内源排泄量差异达到显著水平 (P<0.05,P<0.01),两种肉鸡在内源总氨基酸排泄量之间不存在显著差异 (P<0.05)。     

不同断奶日龄仔猪血清代谢物水平的变化

本试验研究了不同断奶日龄仔猪血清代谢物水平的变化。试验设１７日龄断奶、２１日龄断奶、２８日龄断奶、３５日龄断奶４个处理组,每个处理３个重复,每个重复１窝,定时采血。结果表明,１７、２１日龄断奶组仔猪血糖浓度显著低于３５日龄断奶组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,在断奶后２～３周时间内,以１７日龄断奶组仔猪血糖浓度波动最大;４个不同断奶日龄组之间仔猪血清尿素氮浓度没有显著差异;与３５日龄断奶组比,１７日龄断奶仔猪血