浅谈中国蛋禽产业的发展方向

简要阐述了中国蛋禽产业的发展现状及其发展过程中存在的问题。通过对发展现状和存在问题的分析，初步论述了中国蛋禽业应沿着产业化和可持续化的方向发展。同时，还要充分利用先进的科研成果，处理好蛋禽产业的发展与环境保护的关系。     

土地整理与农村建设：国外的分析及中国的对策

该文旨在通过对土地整理与农村建设目标、内容及相互关系的分析，借鉴国外通过土地整理促进农村发展的经验，根据中国的实际，提出通过土地整理促进新农村建设的对策。研究发现，土地整理日趋成为农村建设的重要内容和手段，农村建设则成为土地整理的重要任务和目标。中国应从树立以新农村建设为目标的土地整理理念，完善政策导向、公众参与两个机制，构建法律、规划和科技支撑三个体系等方面推进土地整理与农村建设的结合，提高土地整理服务农村建设的能力，加快新农村建设进程。     

我国生态农业与生态环境保护协协性研究

在提高农业生产力的同时，保护生态环境质量是我国生态农业的基本特点，本文分析了我国生态农业产生的背景、发展现状、功能及特色，并以黑龙江省拜泉县为例，阐明生态农业建设与生态环境保护的协调性关系。     

高速公路边坡防护的降雨和径流冲刷试验研究

烧荒,是指人为地点燃田野上的牧草,使其成片焚烧。鉴于烧荒的危害性大,且在农村具有普遍性,针对这一问题,结合沂蒙山区的实际,作了一些探讨,以期能为解决烧荒问题提供一点借鉴。 就沂蒙山区来说,烧荒的主要表现形式有4种。(1)农民在野外上坟烧香燃纸时引起的烧荒,约占总烧荒数的40%;(2)农民在田头焚烧庄稼秸秆时引起的烧荒,约占25%;(3)有些少年在野外点火取乐时引起烧荒,约占15%;(4)农民在野外劳动或     

吉林省建设畜牧业大省的工程技术战略

在分析了国内外畜牧业工程技术发展的基础上，提出吉林省畜牧业的发展将出现农户小规模饲养和企业大规模饲养并存的局面。农户小规模饲养以传统人工饲养为基础，其技术取向是“传统人工饲养+优良品种+配合饲料+简易生物环境工程”。企业大规模饲养要以“优种优料+机械技术+生物环境工程”为技术取向。对传统畜牧业要改善畜禽环境，并加强环境保护和资源的二次利用；大型畜牧企业要实现饮水、喂料、清粪自动化，畜禽棚舍环境要实现人为控制。战略重点是引进或开发简易清粪机械和粪肥处理设备，并在中小饲养场中进行推广；大型饲养场要引进机械化生     

Can artificial introductions of diaspore fragments work as a conservation tool for maintaining populations of the rare peatmoss Sphagnum angermanicum?

Species can become regionally rare when limited by the availability of suitable habitats or by limited dispersal ability. We tested if the presence of a rare bryophyte species (Sphagnum angermanicum) was dispersal or habitat limited and at the same time investigated the possibility of establishing new populations of this rare species. Further, we tested how propagule (fragment) size and small scale disturbances affected establishment success. All field experiments were performed by artificially transporting propagules (of various sizes) to new and old sites for the species in Sweden.We show that S. angermanicum is dispersal limited on a regional scale, as no significant differences in establishment success were found between new suitable sites and old occupied sites. The larger the propagule the better was the establishment success; the best establishment success was found when transplanting whole shoots. Disturbances did not increase establishment success, in contrary, when compared to controls success was reduced by the more intensive disturbance treatments. We suggest that disturbance maybe more important for increasing direct dispersal than for making the microhabitat more advantageous for establishment. However, an intermediate disturbance, which slightly reduces the Sphagnum-community length increment, might also be beneficial for the establishment success of S. angermanicum propagules.The reasonably high establishment success of S. angermanicum propagules in new suitable sites suggests that artificial introductions of fragments could be considered as an active management regime for the species if the number of localities continues to decrease.     

Protection of soil carbon by microaggregates within earthworm casts

Earthworms are known to play a role in aggregate formation and soil organic matter (SOM) protection. However, it is still unclear at what scale and how quickly earthworms manage to protect SOM. We investigated the effects of Aporrectodea caliginosa on aggregation and aggregate-associated C pools using ¹³C-labeled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) leaf residue. Two incubations were set up. The first incubation consisted of soil samples crushed <250 μm to break up all macroaggregates with three treatments: (i) control soil; (ii) soil+¹³C-labeled residue and (iii) soil+¹³C-labeled residue+earthworms. Earthworms were added after 8 d and 12 d (days) later, aggregate size distribution was measured together with total C and ¹³C in each aggregate fraction. A second incubation was made to assay protected versus unprotected total C and ¹³C from 21-d laboratory incubations of intact and crushed large (>2000 μm) and small (250-2000 μm) macroaggregates and microaggregates (53-250 μm). Eight different pools of aggregate-associated C were quantified: (1) and (2) unprotected C pools in large and small macroaggregates, (3) unprotected C pools in microaggregates, (4) and (5) protected C pools in large and small macroaggregates, (6) protected C pool in microaggregates, and (7) and (8) protected C pools in microaggregates within large and small macroaggregates. In the presence of earthworms, a higher proportion of large macroaggregates was newly formed and these aggregates contained more C and ¹³C compared to bulk soil. There were no significant differences between the samples with or without earthworms in the C pool-sizes protected by macroaggregates, microaggregates or microaggregates within small macroaggregates. However, in the presence of earthworms, the C protected by microaggregates within large macroaggregates was a significant pool and 22% of this C pool was newly added C. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate the direct involvement of earthworms in providing protection of soil C in microaggregates within large macroaggregates leading to a possible long-term stabilization of soil C.     

Proposal to make the island of Linosa/Italy as a centre for on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources

In view of the remarkable interest of the flora, vegetation and landscape of Linosa island, a natural reserve should be suggested including protection of the traditional agriculture. Especially for the last aim completely new ways have to be elaborated. An integrated approach of nature protection and on-farm conservation could be the ideal conclusion.     

农用电机保护装置与仪表一体化研究

在分析农用电机烧损现象及研究现有保护方式的基础上,提出了选频振荡电路通过仪表的表针摆动实现采样、控制、保护的新方法,并研制了保护元件与仪表一体的装置,实现了对运行设备既能监视又能起到保护作用的一体化装置。     

江河源区生物多样性问题研究

江河源区西部、南部、东南部和东北部都毗邻生物多样性中心,生态系统多样,物种较丰富。这种生物多样性是随着青藏高原的隆起而产生和发展起来的并以其环境为生存条件,因而比较独特,不乏特有种、珍禽异兽、名贵药材和受到国家保护的物种。全面了解江河源区特殊的生物多样性将有利于该区的生态环境保护和区内自然保护区的建设。