美国山核桃无性系叶绿素的荧光特性

研究了12个不同品种美国山核桃无性系嫁接苗的叶绿素荧光特性.结果表明:不同品种间的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PS II原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PS II潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)均存在显著或极显著差异;光合量子产额(Y ield)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)未达显著差异.初步聚类分析表明,不同无性系嫁接苗中的所有西部品种和国内优系金华1号具有较好的光合性能.     

藏羚粪便中类固醇激素的高效液相色谱分析

[目的]通过建立粪便中生殖激素含量的测定方法,为研究藏羚羊的繁殖特征奠定基础。[方法]以2-（11H-苯﹝α﹞咔唑）-乙基肼基甲酸酯（BCECH）为柱前衍生化试剂,探讨皮质醇、皮质酮、睾酮和孕酮4种类固醇激素衍生物的最佳色谱分离条件。通过比较4种类固醇激素标准品出峰时间,确定粪样中目标物质峰。[结果]最优衍生条件为：以乙腈为衍生化溶剂,以三氯乙酸为催化剂,衍生化温度65℃,衍生试剂用量为总摩尔类固醇的10倍以上。在建立的色谱条件下,藏羚粪样中4种类固醇激素含量色谱图有较多的杂质峰,表明粪样中的成分很复杂。[结论]该研究建立了藏羚羊粪便中类固醇激素高效液相色谱的分析方法,实现了藏羚粪便中4种类固醇化合物的定量测定。     

豫东地区能源型甘薯品种的筛选

为选育适合豫东地区自然条件的高产高淀粉型甘薯品种,在河南省商丘市进行了生产试验,并测定各品种的鲜薯产量、薯干产量、干物质量、淀粉率及主要病虫害抗性。结果表明:徐薯22、商薯19和金玉3种能源生产专用型甘薯品种能更好地适应当地条件,其淀粉含量比当地主栽品种豫薯9号提高10%左右,产量提高5%～10%。大力发展能源型甘薯种植能使农民增收,使用生物质能源可有效减轻大气污染,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益明显。     

数字存储示波器特性及其应用

数字存储示波器是采用数字电路进行模/数转换,并通过存储器实现对触发前信号的记忆功能的一种具备存储功能新型示波器;此文尝试在分析数字存储示波器的原理和特性的基础上,对其在工程应用中应注意的问题进行分析。     

不同品种猕猴桃果实有机酸组分及含量分析

有机酸是猕猴桃风味形成的重要因素之一,测定猕猴桃有机酸组分及含量变化为研究其风味形成及有机酸代谢途径提供基础。以分属2 个栽培种的12 个猕猴桃品种资源为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对果实的有机酸组分和含量进行测定。结果表明,12 个猕猴桃品种果实中的总酸含量差别较大,其范围是21.207~42.708 mg/(g· FW);其中中华猕猴桃总酸含量均值[33.030 mg/(g· FW)]要高于美味猕猴桃[27.665 mg/(g· FW)]。12 个猕猴桃果实中主要组分为奎宁酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸,含量变化范围分别是0.000~15.559、5.103~26.426、4.173~9.843 mg/(g· FW)。猕猴桃中的有机酸组分和含量既有共性特征又有特异性存在。     

A preliminary study of dietary protein requirement of juvenile marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein level for juvenile marbled flounder. Five semi-purified test diets were formulated to contain different protein levels (CP) including 42.7%, 47.4%, 53.3%, 58.8%, and 64.5% (dry matter), named as CP42.7, CP47.4, CP53.3, CP58.8, and CP64.5, respectively. Five hundred and twenty-five juveniles (6.0 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (300 L tanks), resulting in 35 fish per tank (n = 3 tanks). Fish were fed the test diets 5 times per day until satiation. The CP58.8 resulted in the highest gain in weight and the best efficiency in feed utilization among the tested protein levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed the CP58.8 diet showed significantly higher whole-body protein and lipid contents than the fish that were fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Fish fed the CP53.3, CP58.8, and CP64.5 diets showed a significantly higher dorsal-muscle lipid content than the fish that were fed the CP42.7 and CP47.4 diets (P < 0.05). The one-slope straight broken-line regression analysis on the results of the thermal growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio indicated that the estimated optimum dietary protein level was 58.8%. Taken together, it is suggested that the dietary protein level of 58.8% is optimal for better growth and high efficiency in feed utilization for the juvenile marbled flounder.     

叶片角度对输水泵站泵装置水力性能影响分析

为研究输水泵站泵装置水力性能受叶片角度变化的影响,采用CFD方法模拟全流道泵装置水力性能,分析设计流量工况下叶片角度变化对进水流道、出水流道流动及叶轮内部流动特性和水力性能的影响.结果表明:在设计流量工况下,叶片角度偏离设计工况角度,叶轮进口近轮毂区存在回流、脱流;叶片角度偏离设计工况角度越大,进水流道、出水流道内水流流态越差,水力损失越大.当叶片角度调节为-8°工况时,与叶片角度-0°工况比较,进水流道和出水流道水力损失相对值最大,分别为1.28和2.89.即叶片同等偏离角度下,出水流道水力损失增大幅度较进水流道更加明显.对比数值模拟结果与模型试验结果得出,在设计流量工况,叶片角度为0°时,扬程相对误差为1.2%,效率相对误差为2.1%,两者吻合较好.     

喷钛对甜叶菊糖苷含量和积累量的影响

为探索喷钛对甜叶菊叶片中糖苷、甜菊苷(St)和莱鲍迪苷A(RA)的含量、积累量及其比例的影响,为中药材的施肥提供科学依据,应用盆钵培养方法,在甜叶菊生长前期和中期进行叶面喷钛。结果表明:菊隆5号的最佳喷施区间12.22~19.36 mg·kg-1,在喷钛浓度为19.36 mg·kg-1时含量达到最高;新品种2号的最佳喷施区间为12.10~16.71 mg·kg-1,在喷钛浓度为16.71 mg·kg-1时含量达到最高;喷钛后新品种2号St所占比例的最高增幅为156.71%,菊隆5号St的最高增幅为42.28%。喷钛可明显提高糖苷含量和积累总量,与对照相比,差异显著;经回归发现糖苷含量或积累量与喷钛浓度间存在二次曲线关系,相关极显著;喷钛可以增加2个品种糖苷中St的比例。     

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood parameters,fecal microbiota,fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood parameters, fecal microflora shedding, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal based diet. A total of 150 weaning pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.85 ± 0.93 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments based on BW and sex (10 replicate pens with five pigs, two gilts and three barrows) were used in this 42‐day trial. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) X1, basal diet +0.005% xylanase; (2) X2, basal diet +0.01% xylanase. The xylanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), and gain : feed ratio (G:F) from days 29 to 42 and the in overall period, dry matter, nitrogen and energy digestibility, and fecal Lactobacilli counts, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission. Additionally, at weeks 5 and 6, there was a linear decrease in fecal score with xylanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, shifted microbiota by increasing fecal Lactobacillus counts, decreased BUN concentration, fecal score, and fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission in weaning pigs.     

叶黄素和中草药对高温环境中罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响

试验旨在利用叶黄素与中草药组合缓解热应激对蛋鸡的危害。选取210只罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,在高温环境中设立6个试验组,每组30只鸡,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.3%中草药+维生素C(200mg/kg),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组在饲喂基础日粮+维生素C(200mg/kg)的基础上分别添加180mg/kg、240mg/kg、300mg/kg和360mg/kg叶黄素,常温环境中设立1个试验组,有30只鸡,饲喂基础日粮,分析叶黄素、中草药、叶黄素与中草药组合对高温环境中罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:(1)高温使蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度分布分别显著下降9.79%、7.21%和11.55%(P0.05);(2)比Ⅰ组高温对照组相比,Ⅱ组中草药组的产蛋率、平均蛋重、鸡蛋蛋白质含量分别显著提高7.66%、4.09%和11.53%(P0.05);(3)在高温环境中,与Ⅰ组高温对照组相比,Ⅳ组中240mg/kg叶黄素与中草药组的产蛋率、蛋壳厚度显著提高6.90%和12.42%(P0.05),破软壳蛋率显著降低76.69%(P0.05),罗氏等级显著提高(P0.05),鸡蛋蛋白质含量提高8.56%(P0.05);(4)与Ⅱ组中草药组相比,Ⅳ组中240mg/kg叶黄素与中草药组合的破软壳蛋率显著降低72.26%(P0.05),罗氏等级显著提高(P0.05)。试验结果显示,在本试验条件下,高温使蛋鸡的生产性能下降,0.3%中草药能提高高温环境中蛋鸡的产蛋率,蛋鸡日粮中添加240mg/kg的叶黄素+0.3%中草药可提高高温环境中蛋鸡的产蛋性能,改善蛋品质。