微波面包制作工艺

用微波熟制工艺来代替烤炉熟制工艺，采用一次发酵法来生产面包，通过试验确定合理的工艺路线及工艺参数，证明此方法可行，且产品质量理想。     

再制干酪在我国的研究进展及前景

从再制干酪的生产工艺优化、乳化盐选用、成分分析等方面对再制干酪在国内的发展状况进行了综述,并展望了其发展前景。     

中国转基因大豆进口及其影响分析

为明晰转基因大豆进口对中国的大豆产业、国际贸易地位以及转基因发展的影响,进而为壮大国内大豆产业,稳定国内大豆市场秩序,促进国内转基因技术有序发展提供相关依据,利用文献综述方法并结合分析相关统计数据,对我国转基因大豆进口增加的现状与原因进行了阐述。研究认为,转基因大豆进口严重弱化了中国在国际大豆贸易中的话语权,不利于中国的大豆甚至粮食安全以及国产大豆的发展;国际资本伴随大豆进口入侵中国大豆加工产业,同时刺激内资企业的兴起;转基因大豆进口对种质资源、生态坏境存在潜在压力,但又促进国内转基因技术的发展以及转基因监管体系的完善。鉴于此,提出提高国产大豆的市场价值与比较收益,降低国内对国际大豆的依赖度,以需求拉动国产大豆供给,以及在风险可控的情况下加快国内转基因技术研究及监管体系建设的对策建议。     

栽培大豆品种间RAPD标记的多态性分析及聚类分析

应用从６０００多份大豆种质资源中筛选的２１个抗大豆花叶病毒病的品种或品系及７个感病的品种或品素,选用２０个随机引物,对总ＤＮＡ进行了随机扩增。有１８个引物扩增得得到了稳定的ＲＡＰＤ图谱。ＯＰＨ－０６和ＯＰＨ－１０未能扩增到ＲＡＰＤ产物。     

连续种植大豆抗孢囊线虫品种胁迫线虫生理小种变异研究

在生产条件下,高抗大豆抗孢囊线虫３号生理小种的抗线１号、抗线２号,在同一块地连续种植４－５年,明显发病。病土采用盆栽法,应用五个标准鉴定品种：Ｐｉｃｋｅｔ、Ｐｅｋｉｎｇ、ＰＩ８８７８８、ＰＩ９０７６３、Ｌｅｅ（Ｇｏｌｄｅｎ１９７０）及抗线２号,重新进行生理小种鉴定。按Ｒｉｇｇｓ（１９８８）标准,原来的３号生理小种线虫群体致病性发生变异,出现１４号生理小种。     

Visualization of amino acid composition differences between processed protein from different animal species by self-organizing feature maps

Amino acids are the dominant organic components of processed animal proteins, however there has been limited investigation of differences in their composition between various protein sources. Information on these differences will not only be helpful for their further utilization but also provide fundamental information for developing species-specific identification methods. In this study, self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) were used to visualize amino acid composition of fish meal, and meat and bone meal (MBM) produced from poultry, ruminants and swine. SOFM display the similarities and differences in amino acid composition between protein sources and effectively improve data transparency. Amino acid composition was shown to be useful for distinguishing fish meal from MBM due to their large concentration differences between glycine, lysine and proline. However, the amino acid composition of the three MBMs was quite similar. The SOFM results were consistent with those obtained by analysis of variance and principal component analysis but more straightforward. SOFM was shown to have a robust sample linkage capacity and to be able to act as a powerful means to link different sample for further data mining.     

不同处理大豆蛋白源代乳料哺育早期断奶羔羊的效果

以奶粉人工哺育的羔羊作为消化代谢试验对照,以自然哺乳的羔羊作为生长发育对照,以两种以处理大豆为主要蛋白源的代乳料人工哺育的羔羊为试验处理组,总共4组小尾寒羊(♀)和萨福克(♂)杂一代羔羊进行饲养试验。结果表明:1.人工哺乳初期,羔羊对以植物性蛋白为主的代乳料不适应,人工哺乳生长速度低,但随着日龄的增加,羔羊对代乳料有了一定的适应性,同时对粗料的摄入增加,生长速度加快,到47日龄体重达到或超过自然哺乳羔羊。人工哺乳羔羊没有出现生长停滞现象。2.两处理组代乳料的氨基酸平衡不如奶粉。17～22日龄羔羊对处理大豆代乳料各养分的消化率低于奶粉。3.刚开始用代乳料或奶粉人工哺育时各组羔羊都会发生腹泻,22日龄之后除膨化大豆组两只羔羊出现腹泻外,其它组羔羊均无腹泻现象出现。     

Response of broiler finishers to diets containing graded levels of processed castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal

A 4‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal on the performance of broiler finishers. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled and detoxified by cooking in two stages at 100 °C for 50 min per cooking. Sixty 6‐week‐old broiler birds (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four groups of 15 birds each. The groups were fed four isocaloric (2.90 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg) and isonitrogenous (21% crude protein) diets containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal (CBM) for 4 weeks. Results showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in average daily feed intake, final body weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Birds fed diets containing 0% and 10% CBM had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest feed intake was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The highest ADWG was observed in birds fed 0% CBM diet, but this was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the ADWG of birds on 10% CBM diet. Birds fed diets containing10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and non‐significant (p > 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had the least (p < 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar FCR and this was significantly (p < 0.05) lower and better than that of birds on 20% CBM diet. The least (p < 0.05) PER was observed in birds fed 20% CBM diet. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher packed cell volume (PCV) than birds on 10% and 15% CBM diets. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar (p > 0.05) PCV values. Birds fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) lower heamoglobin than birds fed 20% CBM diets. There were also significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), nitrogen, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) retention. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE than birds on 10%, 15% and 20% CBM diets. Birds fed 10% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DM, nitrogen and NFE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest EE retention was observed at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The results of the study indicate that up to 10% dehulled and cooked CBM can be included in broiler finisher rations for optimum performance.     

Insect growth regulator effects of azadirachtin and neem oil on survivorship, development and fecundity of Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

BACKGROUND: Aphis glycines Matsumura, an invasive insect pest in North American soybeans, is fed upon by a key biological control agent, Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Although biological control is preferentially relied upon to suppress insect pests in organic agriculture, approved insecticides, such as neem, are periodically utilized to reduce damaging pest populations. The authors evaluated direct spray treatments of two neem formulations, azadirachtin and neem seed oil, under controlled conditions for effects on survivorship, development time and fecundity in A. glycines and H. axyridis. RESULTS: Both azadirachtin and neem seed oil significantly increased aphid nymphal mortality (80 and 77% respectively) while significantly increasing development time of those surviving to adulthood. First-instar H. axyridis survival to adulthood was also significantly reduced by both neem formulations, while only azadirachtin reduced third-instar survivorship. Azadirachtin increased H. axyridis development time to adult when applied to both instars, while neem oil only increased time to adult when applied to first instar. Neither neem formulation affected the fecundity of either insect. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed within the context of future laboratory and field studies aimed at clarifying if neem-derived insecticides can be effectively integrated with biological control for soybean aphid management in organic soybeans.     

Effects of feed processing conditions and acid salts on nutrient digestibility and physical quality of soy‐based diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate effects of feed processing conditions and potassium diformate (KDF) supplementation on apparent digestibility of nutrients in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and physical quality of extruded feed. In Exp. 1, diets with raw or expander pretreated full‐fat soybean meal (FFSBM) at 100 or 120 °C were extruded at 110 °C. Expander pretreatment significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of arginine, glutamine and tyrosine in Atlantic salmon. The higher digestibility of expander pretreated FFSBM was confirmed in mink (Mustela vison). In Exp. 2, diets with defatted soybean meal (SBM) were extruded at 110, 130 or 150 °C. The results showed that increasing extrusion temperatures significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of most major nutrients and amino acids in Atlantic salmon. In general, KDF supplementation to FFSBM and SBM diets did not affect digestibility of nutrients in Atlantic salmon or mink. Expander pretreatment and increasing extrusion temperatures increased pellet expansion, while KDF supplementation reduced pellet expansion.