不同保鲜剂对常温下鸡蛋保鲜效果的影响

采用壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇、石蜡作为保鲜剂对鸡蛋进行保鲜效果的比较试验,通过对常温贮藏期间鸡蛋各项感官指标和内部品质指标变化的分析发现,上述保鲜剂单独使用时,液体石蜡保鲜效果极显著地优于对照组,聚乙烯醇次之,壳聚糖保鲜效果最差,但仍优于对照组.经液体石蜡涂膜处理的鸡蛋在25℃、60%～80%相对湿度条件下存放30天,鲜蛋率仍为100%,相当于对照组存放6天时的品质,失重率仅为0.73,蛋黄指数为0.37,浓蛋白含量为41.49%,蛋白pH值为7.77.     

大枣保鲜的主要技术与方法

大枣是我国独具优势的重要果品之一,具有重要的营养价值,因此大枣的保鲜问题一直是科学工作者不断探讨的问题。介绍了几种主要的大枣保鲜技术,包括冷藏、气调贮藏、减压贮藏和化学药剂保藏等。     

高压静电技术在食品保鲜与加工中的研究进展

介绍了高压静电场技术对食品的作用机理。阐述了静电场技术在食品保鲜、干燥、杀菌和解冻等方面的研究现状。     

鲜切果蔬保鲜技术的研究进展

从温度、微生物、营养物质流失等方面分析了影响鲜切果蔬品质的若干因素,概述了目前国内外鲜切果蔬物理保鲜技术、化学保鲜技术、生物保鲜技术的研究进展。     

无源蓄冷控温运输箱设计与试验

针对蓄冷运输箱信息化程度低、控温时间短、控温困难等问题,设计了一款集控温、远程监控、定位、故障诊断等功能于一体的蓄冷运输箱。以脐橙为试验对象,结合能耗模型,对蓄冷控温箱控温性能进行了研究。结果表明,箱内各截面温度不均匀系数分别为0.38、0.47、0.78,温度极差最大值为2.8℃,均匀性较好;当蓄冷剂用量为180 kg,预冷脐橙660 kg,在外部环境平均温度26.39℃的条件下,总控温时长为122 h,风机共执行控温21次,且随着蓄冷量减少,风机开启控温所用时间呈指数上升趋势,决定系数不小于0.928 0;结合能耗模型分析得出,该箱体在广州夏季高温环境下可控温5 d以上,能够满足远距离运输要求。     

Weed competition in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) in the Jordan Valley

A field experiment was carried out in 1996/1997 and repeated in 1997/1998 at the Jordan University Research Station located in the central Jordan Valley to determine the effect of weed competition on growth and yield of cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cv. “White Cloud”. The treatments consisted of either allowing weeds to infest the crop or maintaining plots weed-free for increasing durations after transplanting. Results showed that longer periods of weed/cauliflower competition greatly reduced crop growth and head yield. Average reductions in shoot dry weight and head yield were 81% and 89%, respectively. Maintaining a weed-free crop for any period after transplanting increased cauliflower growth and head yield compared with the weed-infested control. Weed competition for 14 days after transplanting reduced cauliflower average head yield by 41%. To determine the critical period of weed competition and the influence of weed infestation on cauliflower head yield the Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing duration of weed-free and weed-infested periods, respectively. Based upon an arbitrary 5% level of head yield loss, the critical period of weed competition occurred at 0–38 days after cauliflower transplanting which corresponded with the rapid increase in weed biomass. Results indicated that early weed removal is necessary to prevent yield loss.     

Effect of set-size and storage temperature on bolting,bulbing and seed yield in two onion cultivars

The effects of three set-sizes (12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 mm in diameter) and seven storage temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) on bolting, bulbing and seed yield in two onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars ‘Hygro’ and ‘Delta’ were investigated. The incidence of bolting increased linearly with set-size and curvi-linearly with decreasing storage temperature. Time to inflorescence emergence and floret opening showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the earliest inflorescence emergence and floret opening occurring at 5 °C and the latest at 30 °C for ‘Hygro’ and at 25 °C for ‘Delta’. Seed yield per umbel also showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the lowest seed yield occurring at 30 °C for ‘Hygro’ and at 25 °C for ‘Delta’ and the highest seed yield at 5 °C. For a seed crop, storage of large sets (22.5 mm) of these cultivars at 5 °C for 120 days appeared to be optimum with 5–12% higher seed yield per umbel than that of 90 days storage. Bulb yield showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the highest bulb yield occurring at 25 °C and the lowest at 5 °C.     

Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holothuria spinifera</Emphasis> (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin,Tamil Nadu,India

The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity during September and October 2001 followed by a prolonged spawning period from November 2000–March 2001.     

吉林省半干旱区45年气候变化及基于Hybrid-Maize的玉米品种熟期选择

本研究分析吉林省西部半干旱地区1971~2015年气候要素变化特征,用Hybrid-Maize模型估算该区域品种熟期(GDD)不同玉米品种的产量潜力。结果表明,该区域近45年温度、降水和日照时数年均变化与玉米生长季变化趋势类似,但生长季变幅与年均值变幅差异较大,且生长季时间序列上突变点明显不同,温度和降水具有滞后性,日照时数具有超前性,其中,生长季温度增幅高于全年温度增幅,但突变时间滞后10年;长期年均降水波动性大,而生长季降水较全年呈现明显上升趋势,且2010年以来生长季均为较湿润阶段。生长季日照时数减少比年均减少趋势慢,为其下降速率的40%。以4月30日为适播期,种植密度60 000株/hm~2时,乾安、洮南、前郭推荐熟期相对较长品种(GDD=1656-1672),扶余、镇赉推荐熟期相对较短品种(GDD为1606和1500)。洮南、扶余、前郭玉米R/V值接近1.0,乾安和镇赉R/V超过1.15,利于获得较高产量。     

不同采收期咖啡果实物理性状比较

以潞江坝的Catimor系列品种咖啡鲜果为材料,研究不同采收期对咖啡果实物理性状的影响。结果表明,不同成熟期果实的物理性状差异为极显著,其中,早期和晚期成熟的咖啡鲜果和咖啡豆颗粒较小,物理性状较差,而中期成熟的咖啡鲜果和咖啡豆颗粒较大,物理性状较好。