早产儿配方乳储藏过程中物理性质变化研究

本文对早产儿配方乳储藏过程中物理性质的变化进行了研究。将早产儿配方乳分别在25℃和40℃下储藏35 d,每7 d进行物理性质测定,包括粒径、Zeta电位、黏度、色差(ΔE)、酸度和pH值。结果表明,储藏期间早产儿配方乳的粒径、ΔE、酸度呈逐渐增大趋势,Zeta电位的绝对值、黏度和pH值呈逐渐降低趋势,并且在40℃储藏时,变化速度比25℃快。本研究为早产儿配方乳储藏过程品质保持、储运条件的选择及货架期的预测提供了参考。     

单宁在植物-土壤氮循环中作用的研究进展

单宁是高等植物产生的次级代谢产物。单宁和单宁-有机氮络合物在植物与土壤间的氮循环过程中扮演着重要的角色。单宁参与氮素循环的机制主要包括络合有机氮、影响土壤微生物活性以及影响土壤酶活性。以往的研究并未深入探讨单宁对各种有机氮的络合能力,以及菌根真菌和腐生真菌对单宁-有机氮络合物的降解机制。因此,本研究着重讨论了单宁对各种有机氮的络合能力、络合物的降解机制、单宁对土壤酶活性的抑制作用以及单宁对土壤微生物的影响,并综述了单宁在氮循环过程中的作用,如减缓凋落物分解,抑制净氮矿化,影响净硝化和氮固持等。结果表明:单宁能够络合大部分有机氮;单宁的结构和浓度可显著影响其对土壤酶活性和净氮矿化的抑制效果以及对土壤微生物活性和多样性的作用,该结论可为进一步理解单宁在植物与土壤间氮循环过程中的角色奠定基础。     

水稻叶片衰老基因LPS1的克隆与功能研究

【目的】早衰突变体是研究早衰机制的良好载体,对于探究早衰的遗传机理与作用机制及提高水稻的产量和品质具有重要作用。【方法】本研究利用EMS诱变获得了一个早衰突变体lps1,并对该突变体及其野生型进行表型观察、细胞学及组织化学分析、生理生化分析、遗传分析、基因定位和激素处理。【结果】lps1的叶片从3叶期开始发黄,成熟期株高、有效分蘖数、结实率、千粒重等极显著降低。电镜观察发现lps1叶表面光滑,硅质化突起和叶绿体数目减少、片层结构紊乱。生理生化分析表明lps1中有大量的活性氧积累,同时伴有蛋白质的降解、细胞膜的损伤以及大规模的细胞死亡。遗传分析表明该早衰表型受单隐性核基因控制,并且其在第5染色体上编码了一个泛素结合酶。亚细胞定位结果证明LPS1蛋白在细胞质与核中均有表达。外源激素处理发现,lps1对外源激素的处理更为敏感,且LPS1突变促进了ABA合成相关基因的表达。【结论】LPS1 突变使水稻ABA合成信号途径异常,进而引发H₂O₂等一系列与衰老相关生理指标的异常变动,导致lps1过早衰老,最终造成水稻产量严重降低。     

Moderate hypothermia post hypoxia-ischemia improves the cerebral energy metabolism in the immature rats

AIM: To study the effect of moderate hypothermia on immature rats with hypoxic-ischimic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS: The rats with HIBD were divided into normothermic recovered group (IN) and moderate-hypothermic recovered group (IH). Sham-operated rat pups were normothermic control group (NC) and moderate-hypothermic control group (HC). 0, 2, 6, 24, 48, 72 h after the end of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult, the brain was homogenized for measuring glucose and ATP, brain mitochondria was extracted for SDH activity, complex II activity and the capacity of ATP synthesization. RESULTS: In IN group, the brain glucose was significantly lower at 0 h, and recovered as normal at 2 h. The brain ATP and brain-mitochondrial SDH activities were firstly decreased at 2 h, 6 h and then recovered gradually, it was at it's peak value at 72 h. Brain-mitochondrial complex II activity and the capacity of ATP synthesis were recovered at 2 h, but they decreased again at 6 h and came to normal level at 72 h. In moderate-hypothermic group, all the indexes were significantly higher at all the time point than that in IN groups. CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia inhibits the decrease in the mitochondrial SDH activity, mitochondrial complex II activity and the capacity of ATP synthesis, increases the brain ATP concentration, improves the energy metabolism, and then protects the brain tissue.