西部退耕还林(草)工程生态与经济协调发展途径的选择

通过农民问卷调查结果和退耕还林(草)工程特点的分析,以解决农民关心的焦点问题和反映工程的两重性特点为依据,提出实现退耕还林(草)工程生态与经济协调发展目标的两条途径,这就是:政策调动;产业化发展。     

青梅抗黑星病无性系抗病适应性研究

在果期不施用农药的条件下,对青梅抗黑星病无性系的鲜果抗黑星病能力进行测定试验,结果表明:①青梅在不同的产区,抗黑星病无性系都具有极显著的抗黑星病能力,初步选育的抗病无性系在不同产区抗病性能无显著差异;②不同无性系中,抗黑星病无性系鲜果病斑症状出现的时间比普通龙眼梅显著推迟;③抗黑星病无性系有较强的抗落果性能。     

Effects of method, rate and timing of slurry application to grassland on the preference by cattle for treated and untreated areas of pasture

Two experiments were conducted in the UK to investigate preference by cattle for areas of pasture treated or untreated with dairy cow slurry. Experiment 1 examined the effects of method and rate of slurry applied to a grass pasture in March (Spring); Experiment 2 examined the effects of method and timing of slurry application after cutting for silage in June (Summer). In both experiments, beef steers grazed grassland plots that had been treated with slurry on one half only of the plots for 4 weeks. Slurry was applied by shallow injection (I), trailing shoe (T) or conventional surface broadcasting (S) techniques. In Experiment 1, slurry was applied at 40 m³ ha^?1 (HI) or 20 m³ ha^?1 (LO) 21 d before grazing commenced; in Experiment 2, slurry was applied at 20 m³ ha^?1 either 32 d (E) or 10 d (L) before grazing commenced. Sward height was measured and animal behaviour was recorded during 8 × 24 h measurement periods in each experiment. Preference for slurry‐treated or untreated swards was indicated by a comparison of post‐grazing sward height on each sward and the proportion of total grazing time spent on the slurry‐treated swards. In Experiment 1, a smaller proportion of grazing time was spent on slurry‐treated areas of swards compared with untreated areas of swards on all treatments, but the proportion of time spent grazing the slurry‐treated sward was greater on method T than on methods I or S (0·28, 0·31 and 0·39 for methods S, I and T, respectively, s.e.d. = 0·035, P < 0·05). Steers showed no preference between slurry‐treated and untreated swards by 49, 45 and 44 d after slurry application for methods S, I and T respectively. Differences between HI and LO were not significant (P > 0·05). In Experiment 2, aversion to slurry‐treated swards compared with untreated swards was less for treatment E than for L, with a greater proportion of both residence and grazing time spent on the slurry‐treated sward of treatment E than L (0·43 and 0·28, respectively, for residence time, s.e.d. = 0·025, P < 0·001, and 0·47 and 0·30, respectively, for grazing time, s.e.d. = 0·021, P < 0·001). Significant differences were shown between the methods of slurry application for treatment E, with a greater proportion of grazing time spent on the slurry‐treated swards of methods I and T than method S (0·40, 0·52 and 0·49 for S, I and T, respectively, s.e.d. = 0·032, P < 0·001), and a greater difference between post‐grazing heights on slurry‐treated and untreated swards for method S than for I or T (30, 12 and 15 mm, respectively, s.e.d. = 4·8, P < 0·001). For treatment L, differences in the proportion of time spent grazing on slurry‐treated swards compared with untreated swards were not significant between treatments (0·26, 0·34 and 0·31 for methods S, I and T, respectively, s.e.d. = 0·040, P > 0·05) and indifference between slurry‐treated and untreated swards was achieved 77, 60 and 58 d after slurry spreading for methods S, I and T respectively. These results show that, when slurry is applied to pasture in a grazing rotation, the adverse effects on grazing behaviour associated with conventional surface broadcasting may be overcome by the use of novel slurry application techniques.     

兽用喹诺酮类药物发展动态

综述了兽用喹诺酮类药物—包括国内外已上市的、尚在开发中的以及人用药可转化为兽用药三个部分的品种,并对在我国尚未上市的兽用喹诺酮类药物的药理作用及用途作了简介。     

江水北调工程运行管理初步分析

简要介绍了江水北调工程的运行体制和机制及其特点，根据工程近十年的运行情况，分析了翻水费的结构和变动趋势，对泵站累计单方水翻水成本进行了初步测算，提出了提高远距离调水工程经济技术指标的途径和措施，为进一步研究分析大型跨流域调水工程的运行成本，建立动态水价模型作一些探索。     

贵州省退耕还林亟需解决的问题及政策建议

通过对当前贵州省退耕还林总体情况的摸底分析,提出下一步退耕还林政策建议。     

提高农村领导干部法律素质的思考

法律素质作为农村领导干部政治素质的一个重要组成部分,对农村领导干部自身整体素质的提高有着重要的影响,同时也影响着我国法治建设的进程。提高农村领导干部法律素质已成为我们面临的一项重要课题和紧迫任务。本文拟从如何提高农村领导干部自身法律素质的角度进行阐述。     

Isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica and correlation with serum antibody response in clinically normal beef calves

Bacteria from the nasal cavity and trachea were cultured, and serum antibody titers determined for Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 in 164 beef calves obtained from a closed herd on range pasture. At the first sampling, P. haemolytica serotype 1 was cultured from 16.4% of the calves. Antibody titers were determined by a quantitative fluorimetric method and the mean titer was 9.5 +/- 5.8. Fifty-seven randomly selected calves were used to study the correlation of serum antibody response and positive culture of P. haemolytica under natural conditions. Clinical signs of respiratory disease were not observed in those calves. During the observation periods, there was a two-fold increase in the percentage of calves that were culture positive. There was no significant difference between mean serum antibody titers or frequency distribution of antibody titers from the two samplings. Comparisons between serum antibody titers, rise in titers, and P. haemolytica isolation failed to reveal any significant correlation. Of the 9 calves that had a decline in antibody titer to P. haemolytica, none was culture positive. Seroconversion to respiratory viruses did not correlate with P. haemolytica related variables.     

Evaluation of sources of propagating-material for sweet-potato production

The yield and variability of sweet-potato cultivars (Ipomoea batatas L.) propagated from high-yielding plants (clonal) was compared with those of random field material. Clonal propagation was based on selection for one season and produced few yield responses.A yield comparison was made of a high- and a low-yielding commercial source of cultivar ‘White Maltese’. The former, which represented continuous selection based on yield and disease incidence, produced higher yields than the low-yielding source. In all experiments and for all cultivars, a yield increase through selection was not consistently associated with a reduction in variability.Propagation from heat-treated and apparently virus-free plants produced a 140% yield increase over virus-infected field material.     

中蜂越夏及秋季繁殖试验

在贵州锦屏进行的中蜂越夏及秋繁试验表明，４框以上的群势越夏较为安全。越夏期间每框足蜂约需补喂白糖１．５公斤。越夏后，蜂群群势约下降１／３左右。蜂群在越夏期间飞逃的主要原因是缺蜜及巢虫危害。当地中蜂在秋季大流蜜初期发生分蜂，分蜂群势均为８框足蜂以上，７框左右不分群。为控制不同起繁群势的蜂群在秋季大流蜜初期正好繁殖到７框左右，不致因分蜂影响秋冬蜜的采集，应分期起步秋繁。根据本试验所建秋季起繁群势（ｘ）与达７框群势所需繁殖天数（ｙ）之间的回归直线方程推算，在起繁群势为１～５框蜂量时，最适的秋繁开始期，１框群为７月３１日，２框群８月１０日……蜂群的基础群势每增加一框，则秋繁开始期应相应推迟１０～１１天。