氮素对棉花果枝、果节及蕾铃发生与脱落影响的模拟

为了探明氮素对棉花形态指标与蕾铃脱落的影响,该研究通过设置施氮量试验,以累积温光效应为驱动变量,以花铃期棉株下部果枝对位叶平均氮浓度为氮营养指标,模拟氮营养水平对棉花主要形态指标与蕾铃脱落率的动态影响。结果表明,棉花下部果枝对位叶氮浓度随花后天数呈幂函数下降趋势,其平均氮浓度出现的花后天数占花铃期总天数的比值较稳定,可作为植株N营养状态指标;棉株的果枝数、果节数、成铃数随累积温光效应（cumulative thermal and solar radiative effectiveness,TSE）呈logistic曲线变化,棉蕾数和幼铃数随TSE呈二次曲线变化,且各拟合方程中的参数响应N处理而变化,与花铃期棉株下部果枝对位叶平均氮浓度呈二次函数关系。利用独立的试验资料检验,在不同施氮水平下,棉株果枝数、果节数、棉蕾数、幼铃数、成铃数和脱落率的RMSE分别平均为1.1个/株、2.7个/株、2.4个/株、1.6个/株、1.4个/株和3.5%,模拟值与观测值具有较好的吻合度;在不同种植密度条件下,模拟值与观测值也具有较好的吻合度。本研究可为棉田施肥管理提供参考。     

Masitinib demonstrates anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in primary and metastatic feline injection-site sarcoma cells

Dysregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) may play a role in feline injection-site sarcoma (ISS) cell growth and viability. Masitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of canine mast cell tumours, is highly selective for the PDGFR signalling pathway and may offer a new therapeutic approach for this disease. The in vitro effects of masitinib on growth, apoptosis and PDGFR signalling in two novel ISS cell lines were investigated. PDGFR expression was confirmed by Western blot in cell lines derived from a primary ISS tumour (JB) and a corresponding, histologically confirmed ISS lung metastasis (JBLM). Masitinib inhibited cell growth and PDGFR phosphorylation in both cell lines. Higher drug concentrations were required to inhibit growth than to modulate ligand-induced autophosphorylation of PDGFR. These in vitro data suggest that masitinib displays activity against both primary and metastatic ISS cell line and may aid in the clinical management of ISS.     

自然教育视角下生态型农庄的场地构思与营造策略

当前,观光型农庄已无法满足社会、生态的需求,农庄的开发形式在进行转型的新探索,自然教育内容的加入,可为生态型农庄的发展转型提供新的道路。从自然教育的视角下,阐明在生态型农庄中开展自然教育的意义,梳理生态型农庄的环境要素,构建生态型农庄的自然教育内容体系,为生态型农庄的建设提供新的场地构思,提出自然教育在生态型农庄中的实现途径。     

渭北黄土高原不同立地上刺槐根系分布特征研究

采用土钻法对渭北黄土高原地区的主要造林树种刺槐的根系分布特征进行了调查研究。结果表明 ,不同立地上的刺槐根系分布特征具有明显的差异 ,阳坡立地上的根系密度和生物量均小于阴坡立地 ;不同林龄根系分布在深度上没有明显的差异 ,但是其根系的生物量和根系密度具有明显的差异。不同立地上刺槐的根系消弱系数 (root extinction coefficient)β值之间也存在明显的差异。阴坡立地的β值均在0 .982以上 ,而阳坡立地上的β值则一般小于 0 .982 ,说明阴坡立地上的刺槐根系分布深度要大于阳坡立地。其细根 (Φ <1mm )的分布深度大于较粗根系 (Φ <3mm )的分布深度 ,有利于刺槐对深层土壤中水分、养分的吸收 ,适应干旱环境 ,促进地上部分的正常生长     

HKT1定位缺失突变体转化对受体酵母Na+耐受性影响的研究

通过重叠延伸PCR（overlop extension PCR)技术对来自小麦根系的高亲和力的K^ 运输载体HKT1的cDNA进行定位缺失突变,分析了HKT1及其缺失突变体L149－E180和E150－L166转化酵母对受体Na^ 耐受性的影响。结果表明,HKT1缺失区段越大其对酵母的转化频率越高,缺失突变降低了HKT1对Na^ 的亲和性,显著提高了受体对Na^ 的耐受性,且L149－E180突变体对Na^ 亲和性低于E150-L166,这表明L149－E180区段在HKT1中对Na^ 代谢起着重要作用。     

Studies on the action mechanism of benzoylurea insecticides to inhibit the process of chitin synthesis in insects: A review on the status of research activities in the past, the present and the future prospects

In this review an effort was made to summarize the up to date information on the knowledge on the action mechanism of diflubenzuron (DFB), a prototype chemical for the benzoylurea type insecticides, with respect to its molecular mechanism to inhibit insect chitin synthesis. The key problem in pinpointing the action site of this insecticide has been the lack of in vitro demonstration of its action to inhibit insect chitin synthesis under cell free conditions. This problem was solved when an approach using a intracellular vesicle preparation from the cuticle of newly molted Periplaneta americana was developed. Using this approach it has become possible to identify that DFB indeed inhibits the process of incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into insect chitin. Recently there has been a breakthrough in this field, when a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) was identified in Drosophila melanogaster. This information was instrumental in establishing that insect SUR in the above intracellular vesicular preparation from P. americana as well as Blattella germanica is likely the actual target site of DFB to cause inhibition of chitin synthesis. The role of SUR in this case has been determined, by using glibenclamide, a typical SUR specific inhibitor as an aid, to be helping the exocytotic movement of these vesicles as is the case of other members of the group of ABC-transporters to which insect SUR belongs. In this case both DFB and glibenclamide have been shown to cause the depolarization of the vesicle membrane through inhibition of the K⁺ channel, which leads to their inhibition of chitin synthesis.     

Block of electron transport by surangin B in bovine heart mitochondria

Exposure of mitochondria isolated from bovine heart to the insecticidal coumarin surangin B results in inhibition of complex II (IC₅₀ = 0.2 μM), III (IC₅₀ = 14.8 μM), and IV (IC₅₀ = 3.1 μM), but in contrast, the NADH:ubiquinone reductase (complex I) was completely insensitive to this compound at 100 μM. Kinetic analysis of surangin B’s interaction with complex II was then investigated using sub-mitochondrial particles. With succinate as the substrate, surangin B, like carboxin, acted with non-competitive kinetics and clearly contrasted in its action with malonate, a competitive inhibitor of complex II. Likewise, surangin B acted as a non-competitive inhibitor of decylubiquinone-dependent interception of electrons at complex II. Difference spectra of reduced complex III equilibrated with surangin B were found to closely parallel those of antimycin A, but were different in nature to those of the Q_o site inhibitors myxothiazol and famoxadone. Investigation of surangin B-dependent functional perturbation of complex III used the synthetic electron acceptor 2-nitrosofluorene, which intercepts electrons specifically from the Q_i site. These experiments demonstrated that like antimycin A, surangin B acts as a selective blocker of electron diversion to 2-nitrosofluorene through Q_i within complex III. We conclude that surangin B blocks electron transport at several points in bovine heart mitochondria, however, complex I is spared. The potent inhibitory action of surangin B on complex II involves binding to a site which is distinct from both the succinate binding site and the domain responsible for interacting with ubiquinone. Surangin B apparently blocks complex III by interacting with the Q_i (antimycin A-binding) pocket.     

Isolation and expression of genes for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Echinochloa phyllopogon, a polyploid weed species

BACKGROUND: Target‐site resistance is the major cause of herbicide resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐ and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides in arable weeds, whereas non‐target‐site resistance is rarely reported. In the Echinochloa phyllopogon biotypes resistant to these herbicides, target‐site resistance has not been reported, and non‐target‐site resistance is assumed to be the basis for resistance. To explore why target‐site resistance had not occurred, the target‐site genes for these herbicides were isolated from E. phyllopogon, and their expression levels in a resistant biotype were determined. RESULTS: Two complete ALS genes and the carboxyltransferase domain of four ACCase genes were isolated. The expression levels of ALS and ACCase genes were higher in organs containing metabolically active meristems, except for ACC4, which was not expressed in any organ. The differential expression among examined organs was more prominent for ALS2 and ACC2 and less evident for ALS1, ACC1 and ACC3. CONCLUSION: E. phyllopogon has multiple copies of the ALS and ACCase genes, and different expression patterns were observed among the copies. The existence of three active ACCase genes and the difference in their relative expression levels could influence the occurrence of target‐site resistance to ACCase inhibitors in E. phyllopogon. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄土区阳坡不同立地植被恢复研究

黄土高原地区不同立地条件的坡面其土壤水分状况有很大差异,利用这种差异来提高植被成活率已经成为黄土高原生态恢复建设的重要方向。采用探针式TDR对陕西省吴起县合家沟流域内不同立地类型的土壤含水量进行测定,然后用SPSS进行聚类分析,将17种立地类型聚为5类,并按照植被恢复的难易程度进行排序。建议对不同立地类型组配置与其相应的植被模式从而更加因地制宜的进行植被恢复建设。