邛海湿地夜鹭巢址选择研究

[目的]探索影响邛海湖湿地夜鹭（Nycticorax nycticorax）巢址选择的因素,为保护邛海周边生物环境、保护和利用鸟类资源提供参考。[方法]采用因子分析法,对影响邛海湖湿地夜鹭巢址选择的因素进行了综合评价。[结果]影响夜鹭巢址选择的主要因子有植被高度、树胸径、隐蔽度、距水（邛海）距离和距公路的距离。[结论]距水距离、植被高度和树胸径是影响夜鹭营巢的主要因素。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因A抗原位点的克隆及原核表达载体的构建

 【研究目的】对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因A抗原位点进行克隆和原核表达载体的构建。【方法】参考GenBank上公布的TGEV S基因A抗原位点序列,应用Primer6.0设计一对含酶切位点的引物,用于RT-PCR扩增A抗原位点目的片段,将扩增产物连接于paesy-T克隆载体上构建克隆载体,用EcoR I和Xhol I对表达载体PET-32a（+）和重组质粒进行酶切,将酶切产物亚克隆至PET-32a（+）多克隆位点上,连接、转化至BL21(DE3),构建A位点的原核表达载体,并对阳性重组质粒进行酶切、PCR和测序鉴定。【结果】所扩增的目的片段的大小为534bp,与原核表达载体连接后,经核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列分析表明,该基因与其它猪传染性胃肠炎病毒相应基因具有很高的同源性,说明成功地构建了TGEV S 基因A抗原位点的原核表达载体。【结论】TGEV S 基因A抗原位点原核表达载体的成功构建,填补了中国国内单独针对此位点进行研究的空白,也为TGEV诊断方法的建立提供良好的技术基础。     

Residues from long-acting antimicrobial preparations in injection sites in cattle

Objective To investigate tissue residues of two longacting oxytetracycline (OTC) preparations in cattle.
Design A randomised drug residue trial.  

Animals

Two hundred and forty beef cattle in 24 groups of ten.
Procedure Two blind-coded 200 mg/mL OTC preparations were used in five treatment regimens of various combinations of injection sites (from one to five) and administrations (one or two). Five cattle from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30 and 60 days after injection and the injection site, urine, kidney and diaphragm muscle analysed for residues.
Results The OTC concentration exceeded the maximum residue limit in kidney in animals slaughtered 21 days after treatment, which is the prescribed withholding period. Concentration at the injection site was much greater than the maximum residue limit 30 days post-treatment, but not 45 days post-treatment. The residue was smaller when OTC had been injected in multiple sites. There was no difference between the two OTC preparations.
Conclusion A review of the maximum injection volume, site of injection and the withholding period is needed for long-acting OTC formulations.     

小金海棠MxIRT1基因定点突变的研究

采用PCR技术对小金海棠MxIRT1基因的定点突变体系进行了探讨。根据MxIRT1开放阅读框（ORF）两端和突变位点序列各设计一对引物。通过PCR扩增,获得带有突变位点且在突变位点相互重叠的两个PCR片段。对以上两个片段的浓度进行调整后,将其用作PCR反应的模板。对退火温度和延伸时间进行优化后,利用ORF两端引物,将带有突变位点的两个片段拼接起来,从而获得了含有所要突变位点的MxIRT1,并将其插入pEASY-T2载体中。DNA序列分析表明在预期位点上已经发生了突变：MxIRT1编码的第186位密码子已由组氨基酸残基变为丙氨酸残基,证明用PCR技术已成功地突变了MxIRT1基因。整个突变过程不需要任何回收与纯化步骤,是一个高效、快捷的定点突变体系。     

国内外污染场地风险管控技术体系与模式研究进展

以风险管理为基本原则的污染场地可持续治理修复及安全利用已成为全球范围内一个紧迫的环境和发展问题。为促进快速、经济、有效的风险管控技术在我国土壤污染防治初期阶段的广阔应用,本文在明确污染场地风险管控广义和狭义内涵属性的基础上,系统阐述了工程控制、制度控制和监测自然衰减等狭义风险管控技术的技术原理、工程应用和适用条件,剖析英美等发达国家风险管控体系并结合我国土壤环境管理实际建立技术体系和政策体系支撑下的风险管控模式,最后针对我国污染场地风险管理基础薄弱、风险管控体系不健全和风险管控技术支撑不足等问题,提出基于绿色可持续理念和全生命周期管理理论的“防、控、治、管”四位一体的污染场地风险管控总体布局,对于推动我国风险管控技术应用和提高场地风险管理水平具有重要的现实意义。     

基于重测序的民猪与大白猪SLAⅠ类基因多态性及抗病潜能差异分析

不同中外猪种对疾病的抵抗能力有一定差异,原因之一是不同猪种猪白细胞抗原(swine leukocyte anti-gen,SLA)分子的多样性不同.本研究旨在探究中外猪种的SLA基因差异,为阐明地方猪的抗病机理提供重要参考.本研究首先对健康的8头民猪以及4头大白猪进行基因组重测序,并对所获得的SNP进一步质控用于后续分...     

我国水产养殖选址和养殖容量管理现状(英文)

渔业为13亿中国人民提供了约1/3动物性蛋白质,为提高中国人民生活水平和食品安全作出了重要贡献。作为世界最大的水产品生产国,我国已经开发利用了大部分适于水产养殖的水体(包括内陆)。综述了我国的水产养殖选址和养殖容量管理的现状。在我国,与水产养殖选址相关的因素包括当地陆地和水面的功能区域规划、水体和其他环境质量要求、对当地环境和社区福利的影响。目前国内存在的诸如超容量养殖、工业发展导致的环境压力和环境恶化、内陆淡水养虾的快速扩张以及水产养殖相关法律执行的困境等,是影响水产养殖业可持续发展的主要问题。此外,分析了虚拟管理工具(如数据库、模型)和生态系统方法在我国水产方面的应用及相关因素。水产养殖结构中肉食性品种所占比例的连续增加,表明我国水产养殖净产出食物的能力正在变弱,而由水产养殖自身导致的环境压力正在增加。水域区划规划实施存在问题以及水产养殖废物排放缺乏有效的监控手段和立法,是限制当前我国水产养殖合理选址和养殖容量管理的瓶颈,为此提出了一些相应的建议。     

长白山区红松人工林立地质量和速生丰产的研究

本文共调查了11个立地因子,划分了各立地因子的等级,找出了主导立地因子。应用Q_1编制了主导立地因子得分表,在此基础上编制了它的百分得分表,两表都可用来确定各立地因子对立地指数贡献的大小。按林分密度和立地指数进行了林分蓄积预测。提出了红松速生丰产林立地条件。     

鸡结核的病理形态学和抗原定位的观察

本文报道了９８只海塞克商品蛋鸡，经禽结核菌素变态反应试验，细菌染片检查、分离培养、生化鉴定、诊断为禽型结核。对这９８只鸡全部进行了尸体剖检，取１８只做了组织学观察，证明鸡结核病灶出现最多的器官是肝（９２％）、脾（７３％）、肠（７３％）；鸡结核病很少形成钙化灶。     

Isoyield Analysis of Barley Cultivar Trials in the Canadian Prairies

Classification of test sites used for cultivar trials into groups with similar within‐group site performance and response (isoyield groups) is an important step towards identification of appropriate cultivars that are best suited for different productivity levels in farm fields. The objective of this study was to determine isoyield environments in the Canadian prairies based on the analysis of cultivar trials consolidated from individual provinces for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Yield data for the analysis were taken from 324 replicated trials at 84 sites across the prairies during 1995–2003. The combined use of regression and cluster analyses of the data normalized for averaging the multi‐year unbalanced data led to a stratification of the 84 sites into 13 isoyield groups. A comparison was made of the distributions of the variability among and within groups according to three modes of grouping: isoyield groups, soil zones and agroecoregions. There was more variability among isoyield groups and correspondingly less within the groups than that among and within soil zones or agroecoreions. Similar contrasting pattern existed for the variance components involving genotype–environment interaction (GEI), although the GEI variability was generally small under all three modes of grouping. Relationships of site sensitivity (regression coefficient) and stability (coefficient of determination) with site productivity were shown to be a useful aid for selecting a subset of test sites in an effort to improve efficiency and quality of future cultivar testing. Thus, isoyield analysis should be a valuable tool for subsetting heterogeneous environments and for reducing GEI impact in cultivar testing and recommendation.