地膜植棉喷灌技术研究

根据内陆干旱区的特点，为了充分发挥喷灌节水增产优势，本文提出地膜植棉喷灌技术、干播湿出及栽培配套措施。     

温室甜瓜秸秆生物反应堆栽培技术应用与示范

为加快西甜瓜新品种配套栽培技术在天津地区的示范、推广,天津市静海县种植业发展服务中心结合本地区设施甜瓜生产实践经验,与天津科润农业科技股份有限公司蔬菜研究所达成共识,在引进的雪龙、甜九、白元首厚皮甜瓜品种上,综合实施农业秸秆生物反应堆技术栽培技术,力求实现设施栽培厚皮甜瓜节本增效,高产优质化生产。     

油菜高产栽培技术要点

对油菜高产技术栽培要点进行总结,指导农户科学管理生产,提高产量。     

广西地区辣椒高产栽培技术

详细叙述从辣椒品种选择直至采摘的整个生长过程的栽培管理。栽培过程中,合理选择辣椒品种和栽培条件,进行科学的大田管理和病虫害防治是辣椒高产的关键技术。     

Implementing Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts in an Adaptive Management Framework

Certification and principles, criteria and indicators (PCI) describe desired ends for sustainable forest management (SFM) but do not address potential means to achieve those ends. As a result, forest owners and managers participating in certification and employing PCI as tools to achieving SFM may be doing so inefficiently: achieving results by trial-and-error rather than by targeted management practices; dispersing resources away from priority objectives; and passively monitoring outcomes rather than actively establishing quantitative goals. In this literature review, we propose six concepts to guide SFM implementation. These concepts include: Best Management Practices (BMPs)/Reduced Impact Logging (RIL), biodiversity conservation, forest protection, multi-scale planning, participatory forestry, and sustained forest production. We place these concepts within an iterative decision-making framework of planning, implementation, and assessment, and provide brief definitions of and practices delimited by each concept. A case study describing SFM in the neo-tropics illustrates a potential application of our six concepts. Overall our paper offers an approach that will help forest owners and managers implement the ambiguous SFM concept.     

Modern Nursery Practices in the Production of Quality Seedlings of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)— Stage of Host Requirement and Screening of Primary Host Species

Abstract

Fewer than one tenth of tropical forests are being managed on a sustainable basis. Sustainable forest management means managing the forest in such a way as to not irreversibly reduce the potential of that forest to produce all products in subsequent harvests. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio resulted in several decisions that are relevant to the future of forestry. The Conference also focused world attention on questions of the environment. One outcome of this increased awareness has been the growing support for eco-labelling, which may provide an opportunity for those countries able to prove their forest products are harvested sustainably. Other economic opportunities present themselves in the utilization for cellulose of tree crops such as rubberwood and oil palm trunks and fronds. Non-wood resources such as rattan also hold promise if we are able to grow them in conjunction with existing tree crops. The roles of tropical forests as carbon sinks require more in-depth study as does the question of what constitutes critical levels of biodiversity. Aesthetic values such as recreational use increasingly require that sufficient buffer zones of unique features be preserved. These challenges demand that the forestry profession becomes more proactive and support major policy changes to address the need for sustainable forest management.     

An Assessment of Forest Policy Changes in Western Washington

Abstract

Changing forest policies in both riparian and upland areas to help protect threatened and endangered species have contributed to the reduction of timber harvests in western Washington. The economic, biodiversity, and environmental impacts of these policy actions have been substantial. Policy simulations across 9.4 million acres of timber-land show that relative to proactive management strategies, current habitat conservation and environmental programs (largely based on a reservation strategy) result in net present value reductions to forestland owners of $9.9 billion. Accompanying these asset value reductions are employment losses (sustained) of 30% and tax receipt losses of 26%. The policy simulations further demonstrate that proactive management will not decrease the long-term percentage of the upland landscape occupied by functionally old forests relative to the reservation strategy. In the riparian area, adoption of a reservation strategy actually decreases (by 29%) the percent of the landscape occupied by functionally old forests relative to a proactive management approach. These results illustrate the importance of proactively managing western Washington forests to provide maximum functionally old forest habitat for endangered upland animals (such as the northern spotted owl and the marbled murrelet) as well as riparian species.     

安徽省油茶产业发展情况综述

本文回顾了安徽省油茶产业发展历程,从政策支持、种苗建设、科技创新、基地发展等方面详细介绍了安徽省油茶产业发展的主要做法,总结了安徽油茶产业发展的经验。同时,对安徽油茶产业发展中存在的问题也进行了深入分析并提出了对策和建议。     

Mycorrhizal Associations and Their Manipulation for Long-Term Agricultural Stability and Productivity

Summary

Mycorrhizae refer to an association (largely symbiotic) between plants and fungi that colonize the cortical root tissue of most agricultural crops during the period of active plant growth. The contribution of these symbioses to plant growth and soil fertility maintenance has been well-recognized for past several years. In spite of these benefits to agriculture, at present, the realization of the full potential of these fungi has not yet been reached. It must also be recognized that recent research on the possible application of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in agriculture has revealed many gaps in knowledge of fungal biology and ecology. Scientific knowledge on the role of these fungi in plant development and protection, soil stabilization, aggregate formation and creation of nutrient reserves is still limited. For efficient use and manipulation of these fungal symbioses for long-term agricultural stability and productivity, our understanding of their physiology, function and interactions with existing crops and environmental conditions should be improved. Besides, effects of different agronomic practices, application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on their ecology and function should be elucidated before their successful utilization in agriculture.

This paper presents information on the morphology of different my-corrhizal fungi, their physiology and functions. Methods presently used to produce mycorrhizal inocula, their application in the field, problems to be resolved for their massive exploitation and future research needs have also been described. References have been selected to explain the recent advances in our understanding on these beneficial fungi.