云南生物多样性现状及保护对策研究

猪种资源是保证猪业安全和可持续发展的重要战略资源。云南独特多样的生态地理、气候环境和民族农耕习俗孕育了独特丰富的地方猪种资源,为开展新品种(品系)培育、发展优质特色养猪业及促进养猪业可持续发展提供了珍贵的种质素材。本文综述了云南地方猪种质特性及遗传多样性、主要经济性状遗传基础、遗传资源保护以及多样化选育利用的研究与实践进展,以期为地方猪种资源的发掘、保护与选育利用提供借鉴和参考。     

阿片受体类型和功能及其在猪脑中的个体发育特点

总结阿片受体类型的研究进展,介绍4种主要类型受体的功能。动物脑中阿片受体的数量以及它们与阿片配体亲和力的改变能够对脑功能的阿片控制或内分泌系统的中枢神经控制产生影响。为明确猪脑中阿片受体的变化,阐述了阿片受体在猪脑中的个体发育特点。     

Surgical correction of periocular fat pads and entropion in a potbellied pig (Sus scrofa)

A 16-year-old Vietnamese potbellied pig was examined because of recurrent ocular discharge and reduced visual ability. Bilateral upper eyelid entropion and impaired vision secondary to periocular fat deposition were diagnosed. Surgical correction with excision of subdermal fat and redundant skin was performed to address both issues. Surgery restored vision and resolved ocular irritation. More than 1 year following surgical therapy the pig is visual and comfortable with no evidence of recurrent fat deposition or entropion.     

上海白猪(上系)遗传多样性和群体结构分析

上海白猪(上系)(Sus scrofa)是上海市闵行区的地方培育品种,近年来,由于引进品种的冲击,其各项生产指标严重衰退,且对其种质特性、遗传基础和杂交性能等缺乏应有的了解.本研究应用全基因组范围内的遗传标记,对上海白猪(上系)群体进行了遗传多样性和群体结构的分析.首先对反映群体内遗传多样性的3个重要指标-等位基因的丰度(allelic richness,AR)、标记多态性的比例(proportion of polymorphic markers,PN)和期望杂合度(expected heterozygosity,He)进行了分析和计算.结果表明,上海白猪(上系)与太湖和西方猪种对比,其遗传多样性最高(PN=0.731,AR=1.709,He=0.221).上海白猪(上系)与太湖品种之间的遗传分化程度(0.237±0.007)大于其与西方品种之间的遗传分化程度(0.219±0.008).另外,用主成分分析(principal components analysis,PCA)、STRUCTURE和系统进化树等对群体结构进行了分析.结果显示,上海白猪(上系)群体内的遗传多样性比太湖猪种和西方猪种高;群体间遗传距离显示上海白猪(上系)相对于太湖猪种更接近西方猪种;主成分分析、聚类分析与群体结构分析皆显示上海白猪(上系)能够形成独立的分组.以上结果表明,从分子水平上看,将上海白猪(上系)作为一个独立的培育品种是合理的,特别是其具有独特的遗传结构,应进一步加强其保护、开发和利用.     

猪胚胎死亡的影响因素及其预防措施

猪胚胎死亡直接影响着母猪的产仔数,并进而影响着养猪生产的经济效益。因此,在深入研究猪胚胎死亡规律及其影响因素的基础上,通过有效的措施降低胚胎死亡率,对提高母猪窝产仔数和经济效益具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了影响猪胚胎死亡的遗传、环境、营养和疾病等因素,并对生产实践中如何通过综合预防措施降低猪胚胎死亡率进行了初步探讨。     

猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒套式PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中BVDV-1、BVDV-2、CSFV及新出现瘟病毒的基因序列,设计2对特异引物,建立了能鉴别诊断BVDV与CSFV的Nested-PCR检测方法;确定其方法的特异性、敏感性、稳定性。建立的Nested-PCR能从BVDV标准毒株、猪源BVDV毒株中扩增198bp特异性片段,对猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒检测结果为阴性。结果表明,该方法具有较好特异性;其敏感性可检测到0.195fg RNA模板量;经重复性试验表明该方法具有良好稳定性。初步应用检测表明,猪BVDV阳性率较高,达36.0%;牛血清及其制品、猪瘟活疫苗BVDV污染严重。本试验建立的Nested-PCR具有敏感、特异和稳定等特点,可用于临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

A design for studies on cognitive bias in the domestic pig

Studies on consequences of affect on cognitive processing (cognitive bias) seem to provide proxy measures of the valence (positive/negative) of affective states. This article presents a pilot study testing a design for studies of judgment bias we adapted to the specific needs and abilities of domestic pigs. We used a spatial judgment paradigm, in which subjects learned to discriminate a food rewarded from an unrewarded position of a goal box during a training period, and then were tested for their responses to 3 equidistant intermediate probe positions during a testing period. After the training period, half of the subjects were repeatedly isolated from their social group to manipulate their affective state. Subjects learned the required discrimination task (positive vs. negative stimulus) and showed consistent differences in approach latencies toward and exploration of stimuli of different valence. Hence, the subjects' expectations could be inferred from their behavior. However, repeated social isolation had no effect on judgment of ambiguous stimuli and on both basal and test-related cortisol levels. In conclusion, the spatial judgment approach seems to provide a useful tool to detect and discriminate diverse affective states in domestic pigs based on their responses to graded ambiguous stimuli.     

Validation of the QTL on SSC4 for meat and carcass quality traits in a commercial crossbred pig population

Porcine chromosome 4 harbours many quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting meat quality, fatness and carcass composition traits, detected in resource pig populations previously. However, prior to selection in commercial breeds, QTL identified in an intercross between divergent breeds require confirmation, so that they can be segregated. Consequently, the objective of this study was to validate several QTL on porcine chromosome 4 responsible for meat and carcass quality traits. The experimental population consisted of 14 crossbred paternal half-sib families. The region of investigation was the q arm of SSC4 flanked by the markers S0073 and S0813. Regression analysis resulted in the validation of three QTL within the interval: Minolta a * loin, back fat thickness and the weight of trimmed ham. The results were additionally confirmed by factor analysis. Candidate genes were proposed for meat colour, which was the most evident QTL validated in this study.     

猪PGC1基因多态性与胴体性状的相关性分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏地方品种梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪以及培育品种苏钟猪共144头,结果表明PGC1基因第8外显子序列经AulⅠ酶切后存在AA、AT和TT3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0．7,而江苏地方品种猪中,TT占绝对优势。分析PGC1基因型与胴体性状相关性发现,AA基因型猪的左胴重、右胴重和脂肪重均高于TT基因型猪,差异达到显著水平（P〈0．05）。倒数第三、四腰椎间背膘厚AA基因型显著高于TT基因型猪,差异达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）,AT基因型与TT基因型差异达到显著水平（P〈0．05）。