三峡库区城镇土地集约利用研究

以重庆市丰都县为代表研究三峡库区城镇土地集约利用影响因素并分析城镇土地集约利用趋势，为制定合理措施提高城镇土地集约利用水平提供科学依据。研究方法：主成分分析法，综合评价法。（1）丰都县城镇土地集约利用水平主要受经济投入——产出水平和土地闲置率等因素的影响，其中经济投入——产出水平是影响城镇土地集约利用的主要因素。（2）随着对土地集约利用的重视程度的提高，全县土地集约利用水平呈上升趋势。以丰都县为代表的三峡库区城镇土地集约利用水平主要受经济水平、人口密度和人均用地数量等因素的影响，该区城镇土地集约利用水平自1996年以来呈上升趋势，随着经济的持续发展，该地区城镇土地集约利用水平将持续上升。     

产后繁殖保健和同期处理方案对奶牛场主要繁殖指标和经济效益的影响分析

本研究是为了分析规模化奶牛场应用产后繁殖保健和同期方案后对繁殖指标的影响,以便发现问题采取措施提高奶牛场的经济效益。收集了南疆阿克苏地区第一师所属5团三个规模化奶牛场1.7万余头次奶牛繁殖数据,包括牛号、圈舍号、发情配种记录、孕检记录、流产记录、治疗记录等,对这些相关数据进行整理,并用SPSS软件对产犊间隔、不同配种次数怀孕牛头数、产犊到首次配种间隔时间、空怀140d以上难孕牛的分布情况、产后45d以内发情率等进行分析,比较不同年度间和不同牛场之间的差异。分析结果表明,应用产后繁殖保健和同期处理方案后的2017年比2016年多产1 287头犊牛,产犊间隔有了明显的缩短,45～100d的发情配种率提高,为奶牛场创造了可观的经济效益。该方案在南疆取得非常好的效果,值得推广应用。     

Why measuring outcomes is important in health care

A new strategy has been introduced in human health care, namely, achieving the best outcomes for the lowest cost and thus maximizing value for patients. In value‐based care, the only true measures of quality are the outcomes that matter to patients. When outcomes are measured and reported, it fosters improvement and adoption of best practices, thus further improving outcomes. Understanding outcomes is central in providing value and represents an opportunity for redefining veterinary patient care. Value is created by improving the outcomes of patients with a particular clinical condition over the full cycle of care, which normally involves multiple specialties and care sites. To be successful, a key aspect of value based care is working as teams (integrated practice units) centered around the patient's clinical condition. As veterinary medicine has become more specialized and more complex, multidisciplinary communication and trust among the care team are paramount in providing value to patients (and clients). Use of patient‐reported outcomes is an essential aspect for improving clinical care, because it enhances the connections among doctors and with patients. Designing and implementing owner‐reported outcomes in veterinary clinical practice will lead to an understanding of the effects of treatments on outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of our patients from the owner's perspective, a key way to assess a veterinary patient's QOL.     

Effect of grazing cows in an intensive silvopastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala on Panela cheese properties: yield,composition, fatty acid profile and sensory acceptability

Yield, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory acceptability of Panela cheese produced from cows grazing in an intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) with Leucaena leucocephala and Cynodon nlemfuensis were evaluated and compared with Panela cheese from cows grazing a monoculture system (MS) of C. nlemfuensis only. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks in a tropical area in Mexico using ten crossbred cows (30–90 days of milking) assigned homogenously as five cows in each experimental group. No significant differences were found between the two systems for milk and cheese gross composition. Panela cheese from ISS showed lower content of the hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, accompanied with higher content of omega‐3, omega‐6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, Panela cheese from ISS showed higher preference for the attributes of appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. It is concluded that Panela cheese from cows grazing in ISS has better acceptability and nutritional properties than that produced from MS with grass only.     

Epidemiology,clinical management,and outcomes of dogs involved in road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom (2009–2014)

Objective

To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for road traffic accidents (RTA) in dogs and describe the management and outcome of these dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.

Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Primary‐care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.

Animals

The study population included 199,464 dogs attending 115 primary‐care clinics across the United Kingdom.

Measurements and main results

Electronic patient records of dogs attending practices participating in the VetCompass Programme were assessed against selection criteria used to define RTA cases. Cases identified as RTAs were identified and manually verified to calculate prevalence. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and RTA. The prevalence of RTA was 0.41%. Of the RTA cases, 615 (74.9%) were purebred, 322 (39.2%) were female, and 285 (54.8%) were insured. The median age at RTA was 2.5 years. After accounting for the effects of other factors, younger dogs had increased odds of an RTA event: dogs aged under 3 years showed 2.9 times the odds and dogs aged between 6–9 years showed 1.8 times the odds of an RTA event compared with dogs aged over 14 years. Males had 1.4 times the odds of an RTA event compared with females. Overall, 22.9% of cases died from a cause associated with RTA. Of dogs with information available, 34.0% underwent diagnostic imaging, 29.4% received intravenous fluid‐therapy, 71.1% received pain relief, 46.0% were hospitalized, and 15.6% had surgery performed under general anesthetic.

Conclusions

This study identified important demographic factors associated with RTA in dogs, notably being young and male.