An evaluation of the Abaxis VSPro for the measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentrations

Reasons for performing study: Accurate measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations is an important tool for assessment of horses with inflammatory diseases. Objectives: To determine the precision and accuracy of a benchtop instrument using both fresh and frozen equine plasma by comparing the plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by a benchtop instrument to 2 separate laboratory standard methods (ACL 100 and STA Compact) for fibrinogen measurement. Methods: Accuracy and precision of the VSPro was evaluated using both human fibrinogen standards and samples from horses. Fifty frozen samples from horses with gastrointestinal disease had the fibrinogen concentration measured using the ACL 1000 and the VSPro. Fifty fresh samples were collected from hospitalised horses and fibrinogen concentration was measured using the STA Compact coagulation machine and the VSPro. Correlations for measurements were performed, as well as Bland‐Altman analysis. Results: Coefficients of variability for the VSPro ranged from 7% to 15%. The VSPro fibrinogen values were well correlated to both the ACL 1000 (r = 0.94, P<0.001) and the STA Compact measurements (r = 0.926, P<0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of ‐0.83 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐2.03–0.324 g/l) for the ACL 1000 and a mean bias of ‐0.024 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐1.434–1.386 g/l) for the STA Compact. Conclusions: The VSPro appears to have adequate accuracy and precision for clinical measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Potential relevance: The VSPro provides a measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentration using a benchtop instrument with a rapid test time that has comparable accuracy to the fibrinogen concentration obtained from reference laboratories.     

Disseminated candidiasis secondary to fungal and bacterial peritonitis in a young dog

Objective – To describe a severe case of bacterial sepsis and disseminated candidiasis in a previously healthy dog.
Case Summary – Fungal sepsis was identified in a 2-year-old dog following intestinal dehiscence 4 days after abdominal surgery. Septic peritonitis was identified at admission and evidence of dehiscence at the previous enterotomy site was found during an exploratory laparotomy. Both gram-positive cocci and Candida albicans were cultured from the abdominal cavity. Candida sp. was also subsequently cultured from a central venous catheter. Euthanasia was performed due to failure to respond to therapy. Fungal organisms, morphologically consistent with Candida spp., were found in the lungs and kidney on postmortem histopathologic examination indicating disseminated candidiasis.
New or Unique Information Provided – Candida peritonitis is a well-recognized entity in humans and contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Abdominal surgery, intestinal perforation, presence of central venous catheters, and administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics are all considered to be suspected risk factors. This report describes the first known case of systemic candidiasis occurring secondary to Candida peritonitis and bacterial sepsis in a critically ill dog.     

Intraocular pressure development after cataract surgery: a prospective study in 50 dogs (1998-2000)

Objective To study the course of intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in 50 dogs. Design Prospective study. Animals Fifty dogs without preoperative ocular hypertension were selected for cataract surgery. Methods All dogs underwent cataract surgery: 25 by manual extracapsular extraction and 25 by phacoemulsification. For each dog, intraocular pressure was measured before surgery, and 1, 3, 5, 18 h, 1 week and 1 month post surgery. Results No significant difference of mean intraocular pressure between the two surgical methods was observed for each time measurement. Nine dogs had postoperative hypertension (IOP > 25 mmHg) during the first 5 hours post surgery. Incidence of postoperative hypertension was not significantly different with manual extracapsular extraction (16%) vs. phacoemulsification (20%). A decrease of mean IOP was observed 1 h after surgery (8.49 mmHg vs. 10.91 mmHg), then an increase 3 and 5 h post surgery (12.3 and 13.32 mmHg, respectively). At 18 h, 1 week and 1 month post surgery, mean IOP decreased. Mean IOP was 10.38, 10.38 and 8.84 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion In this study incidence of POH is not high. However, a follow‐up of IOP in the first hours after cataract surgery is required to avoid complications of the retina and optic nerve and to administer hypotensive treatment if necessary.     

Association of hyperlactatemia with age,diagnosis, and survival in equine neonates

Objective – To investigate the association between blood lactate concentration, measured at admission and following 12–36 hours of treatment, and age, diagnosis, and survival in neonatal foals. Design – Retrospective, observational study. Setting – Two equine referral hospitals. Animals – One hundred and twelve foals ≤96 hours of age were included. Interventions – Arterial or venous blood samples were obtained from all foals at admission and surviving foals at 12–36 hours. Measurements – The lactate concentration (LAC) was recorded at 2 time points: admission (LAC‐Admission) and 12–36 hours following treatment (LAC‐24 hours). Main Results – LAC decreased by 0.05 mmol/L for each increased hour of age at presentation. Premature/dysmature foals demonstrated increased odds of nonsurvival of 55% for each 1 mmol/L increase in LAC‐Admission while foals with major diagnoses of neonatal encephalopathy (NE), enteritis and ‘Other’ had increased odds of nonsurvival of 52%, 113%, and 247%, respectively, for each 1.0 mmol/L increase in LAC. Blood‐culture positive foals had significantly lower LAC than blood culture negative foals. LAC‐Admission and LAC‐24 hours were significantly larger in nonsurviving foals. LAC‐Admission of >6.9 mmol/L and LAC‐24 hours >3.2 mmol/L, respectively, correctly classified 85.6% and 94.1% of cases as survivors or nonsurvivors. No differences were found when the 24‐hour change in LAC was investigated in terms of outcome, age at admission, or major diagnosis; however, LAC‐24 hours remained significantly associated with survival. Conclusions – Admission or persistent hyperlactatemia is associated with a nonsurvival. Younger foals, premature/dysmature foals, and foals with neonatal encephalopathy had the largest LAC.     

浅谈发酵床养猪工艺特点及与传统集约化养猪工艺比较

作者综述了发酵床养猪工艺的起源、特点,并与传统集约化养猪工艺进行了比较,为研究和使用发酵床养猪工艺提供一些参考。     

奶牛瘤胃和十二指肠瘘管安装手术及对其术后采食量和体重变化的影响

瘘管手术会引起牛消化功能的紊乱,手术后护理中,饲喂环节应结合限饲和逐步加量的原则,实现牛采食量的逐步恢复。作者通过对11头奶牛瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管安装手术、术后护理、采食和体重的恢复状况进行记录,为奶牛的瘘管手术和术后护理提供指导。     

Postoperative ultrasonographic appearance of uncomplicated enterotomy or enterectomy sites in dogs

The ultrasonographic findings in 20 dogs with 25 healing enterotomy and enterectomy sites resulting from the removal of foreign material or correction of intussusceptions are presented. In this prospective study, dogs had preoperative abdominal ultrasound examinations followed by sequential sonographic examinations on the first, third, sixth, and 10th days postenterotomy or enterectomy with an additional sonographic examination after 20 days postoperatively. Documented sonographic features included length and maximal intestinal wall thickness of the enterotomy or enterectomy sites, echogenicity of omental/mesenteric fat, amount of free gas and abdominal effusion, and gastrointestinal motility. Sonographically, 57% of enterotomies and 100% of enterectomies were visualized. Pneumoperitoneum, hyperechoic omental/mesenteric fat, and abdominal effusion did not appreciably hamper evaluation of the intestinal surgical site. Absent wall layering at the surgical site was noted in 96% of dogs at day 1 postoperatively. At the final sonographic examination, wall layering remained altered to absent in 100% of dogs and normal thickness was noted in only 20% of dogs. The median maximal wall thickness was 7 and 8 mm for enterotomies and enterectomies respectively, which occurred between days 1 and 3 and days 3 and 6 postoperatively. Effusion and increased echogenicity of omental/mesenteric fat localized to the surgical site were noted in 42% and 60% of dogs respectively at day 1 postoperatively, with resolution noted between days 3 and 10 postoperatively in 92% and 80% of dogs. Generalized abdominal effusion and pneumoperitoneum were seen in 100% of dogs immediately postoperatively and resolved in 80% by day 10.     

蜂产品及企业的现状与前景

随着科学的不断发展,人们对蜂产品的研究也越来越深入,有关蜂产品抗衰老、抗动脉硬化、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、抗感染的文章报道有很多。人们从实验室的实验分析到大批人群的,临床试验都证明蜂产品确实能对我们人类的健康起作用。作为传统营养品的蜂产品,在整个大食品行业里的分量越来越轻,整个行业还较为散乱,市场的集中度很低、缺少强势领导品牌。     

动物腹腔手术后粘连的成因及防制概述

就术后粘连发生的诱因、发生机理进行了阐述,并结合动物粘连模型的试验研究结果及临床研究结果,对预防腹腔手术后粘连的药物和方法进行了综述。