禽副粘病毒-2型标准毒株与不同分离株HN基因的序列测定及分析

提取实验室保存禽副粘病毒-2标准毒株Yucaipa株和3株分离毒株F4、F6、F8株的RNA，经RT—PCR，获得4株毒株的HN基因，同时测得F基因与HN基因之间的序列。序列分析结果表明，HN基因的ORF全长为1743 nt，编码一个由580个氨基酸组成的蛋白。运用DNAMAN软件分析，4株毒株与GenBank上已发表毒株的HN基因的核苷酸和氨基酸之间的同源性相比，同源率分别为99．89％和99．69％。分析F基因与HN基因间序列发现两基因间序列与副粘病毒科其他病毒的基因间序列相似，含有基因起始信号和终止信号，但不含3个碱基的连接序列。通过序列分析，在分子水平上进一步证实分离于同一批进口七彩文鸟的F4、F6株是抗原性存在差异的两个毒株。毒株间的血清学关系与分子水平的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列的比较关系一致。     

Expression of the tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabacum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic β-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), may be involved in regulation of PR-2d following induction of SAR with P. tabacina. This work provides evidence that regulation of PR-2 genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR may be similar to regulation of these genes during infection of N-gene tobacco by TMV or following exogenous application of SA, and provides further support for the role of SA in regulation of genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒缺失变异株的基因组特征

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离株HB2(sh)／2002的全基因组序列进行了测定与分析。该毒株基因组全长为15373nt(不包括PolyA尾)，与国内外美洲型PRRSV分离株全序列相似性介于88．7％～95．1％之间。序列分析表明，该毒株是1个天然存在缺失的变异毒株，其ORFla的Nsp2存在编码12个氨基酸的连续36个核苷酸的缺失，ORF、3存在编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失。这是国内外首次发现PRRSV存在缺失变异现象，研究结果补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

鸭流感病毒4/2004-H6N2亚型毒株的血凝素基因全序列克隆与分析

2004初从正常鸭群中分离到一株鸭源禽流感病毒，命名为A／Duck／HN／4／2004(H6N2)。经对血凝素基因(HA)序列分析发现HA基因全长为1744bp，共编码566个氨基酸，在裂解位点仅含一个碱性氨基酸-精氨酸(R)，符合LPAIV的标准。将所得基因序列与已发表的同一亚型参考序列分析表明，与H6亚型流感HA基因同源性为89．2％-97．1％，经分子遗传演化分析表明本次分离株与香港分离株A／Duck／Hong Kong／3600／99(H6N2)、A／Duck／Hong Kong／3600／99(H6N2)最近。     

我国部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

参考Genbank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PKRSV）ATCC VR-2332的ORF5基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物．对来自福建、浙江、山东等地的PRRSV分离毒株进行RT-PCR扩增．获得约748bp的DNA片断，将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中，并进行测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列，并与ATCCVR-2332、CH-1a、MLV、Lv等毒株的ORF5序列进行比较，结果表明：SHDl与F114、MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性高达98．5％，与CH-1a同源性为91．0％，与其它毒株同源性为86．6％~88．4％；F114与MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性为99．3％～99．7％．其余分离毒株在遗传关系上和CH-1a又分为明显的两个群．显示近年来各地PRRSV分离毒株与cH-1a株的遗传差异越来越大。     

毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)广东株微线蛋白-2基因在大肠杆菌的表达

根据克隆的毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)广东株微线蛋白-2基因(EnMIC-2(Gd))的cDNA序列设计特异性引物，用PCR方法扩增其阅读框架(ORF)后，克隆至质粒表达载体pET-32a( )，成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-EnMIC-2。用CaCl2法将其转化至宿主细菌E.cliBL21(DE3)，并用IPTG成功诱导了EnMIC-2重组抗原在大肠杆菌表达。表达的重组蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的10．8％，其相对分子质量约为55000。重组蛋白经SDS-AGE分析后，用E．necatrix(广东株)感染鸡的高免血清进行Western Blotting分析，结果为阳性。     

Canine GM2‐Gangliosidosis Sandhoff Disease Associated with a 3‐Base Pair Deletion in the HEXB Gene

Background

GM2‐gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by deficiency of either β‐hexosaminidase A (Hex‐A) and β‐hexosaminidase B (Hex‐B) together, or the GM2 activator protein. Clinical signs can be variable and are not pathognomonic for the specific, causal deficiency.

Objectives

To characterize the phenotype and genotype of GM2‐gangliosidosis disease in an affected dog.

Animals

One affected Shiba Inu and a clinically healthy dog.

Methods

Clinical and neurologic evaluation, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assays of lysosomal enzyme activities, and sequencing of all coding regions of HEXA, HEXB, and GM2A genes.

Results

A 14‐month‐old, female Shiba Inu presented with clinical signs resembling GM2‐gangliosidosis in humans and GM1‐gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dog's brain indicated neurodegenerative disease, and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified storage granules in leukocytes. Lysosomal enzyme assays of plasma and leukocytes showed deficiencies of Hex‐A and Hex‐B activities in both tissues. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous, 3‐base pair deletion in the HEXB gene (c.618‐620delCCT).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clinical, biochemical, and molecular features are characterized in a Shiba Inu with GM2‐gangliosidosis. The deletion of 3 adjacent base pairs in HEXB predicts the loss of a leucine residue at amino acid position 207 (p.Leu207del) supporting the hypothesis that GM2‐gangliosidosis seen in this dog is the Sandhoff type. Because GM1‐gangliosidosis also exists in this breed with almost identical clinical signs, genetic testing for both GM1‐ and GM2‐gangliosidosis should be considered to make a definitive diagnosis.     

一株鸭源禽流感病毒（H9N2）全基因序列分析及其排毒规律的研究

为研究一株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(JN1株)全基因组的分子特征和遗传进化情况以及感染雏鸭后的排毒规律,对其生物学特性、全基因组序列以及遗传进化进行了分析,通过点眼滴鼻方式感染3周龄健康雏鸭,利用建立的实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测鸭的排毒规律,并测定血清抗体效价。JNI株的鸡胚半数感染量为10~(-7.54)/0.2mL,鸡胚最小致死量的平均死亡时间为72h,静脉致病指数为0.266,抗原相关系数为0.47。系统发育分析表明,JN1株的HA与CK/HK/G9/97和DK/HK/Y280/97在同一分支上,NA、M、NP、PA、PB1、PB2基因与SH/F/98同源性较高,NS基因则与H5N1亚型禽流感病毒进化关系较近。HA的裂解位点为PSRSSR↓GL,存在6个潜在糖基化位点,在234位的氨基酸残基为L,NA基因颈部存在缺失。雏鸭在感染该病毒后,饮食正常,精神良好,3~17d均有排毒,咽拭子和泄殖腔棉拭子排毒规律基本一致,分别在第3天和第13天出现排毒高峰。该H9N2亚型禽流感病毒属欧亚大陆分支,为低致病性禽流感,病毒可通过呼吸道和泄殖腔向外界排毒,排毒时间较长。     

NO介导的Ca2+信号对渗透胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗光合特征及抗性的影响

以紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)作为渗透介质人工模拟干旱条件,外源喷施NO供体硝普钠(SNP)、钙信号试剂CaCl₂、NO抑制剂亚甲基蓝(MB)和Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃,对紫花苜蓿幼苗光合特征、抗氧化酶活性及过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶图谱进行研究,探讨了渗透胁迫下NO介导的Ca²⁺信号对紫花苜蓿幼苗光合作用及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:在渗透胁迫条件下,施加SNP、CaCl₂均能够有效缓解叶片叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素及总叶绿素含量降低,提高叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)及气孔限制值(L_s),而对胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)没有缓解作用。SNP、CaCl₂及SNP+CaCl₂处理提高了幼苗叶片中抗氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。其中共处理时效果最为显著,第4天 SOD、POD、CAT活性较PEG处理升高了39.29%、30.41%和56.24%,脯氨酸含量增加了45.59%,MDA含量降低了45.59%。POD同工酶图谱在第4天时酶谱带数最多,POD活性最强,且SNP+CaCl₂共处理下出现新酶带。而添加外源NO的同时添加Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃,紫花苜蓿幼苗光合速率、抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量均降低,丙二醛含量增加,添加Ca²⁺信号的同时施加NO抑制剂MB也具有相同的作用,说明Ca²⁺信号参与NO信号转导过程并相互作用共同调节渗透胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗的生理应答响应。