Chromosomal and Plasmid Diversity of Agrobacterium Strains Isolated from Ficus benjamina Tumors

Agrobacteria were previously isolated from tumors developing on branches and aerial and hypogeous roots of weeping fig plants in Italy and in The Netherlands. A representative group of 48 strains was analyzed by PCR–RFLP of 16S and 16S + IGS ribosomal regions, PCR–RFLP of six Ti plasmid (pTi) regions and characterized for plasmid content. Two groups of agrobacteria were separated by cluster analysis of PCR–RFLP profiles of rrs gene: seventeen strains were similar to the new species Agrobacterium larrymoorei, while the remaining strains were included within the agrobacterium biovar 1 group. Sixteen different plasmid profiles from one to five plasmids were observed. In addition, 21 ribotypes and 20 pTi structures were arranged in many different combinations, showing that fig agrobacteria were characterized by a wide heterogeneity. A general lack of correlation between strain ribotypes and plasmid content was observed.     

Effect of restricted suckling on milk yield,milk composition and udder health in cows and behaviour and weight gain in calves,in dual-purpose cattle in the tropics

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of restricted suckling (RS) in dual-purpose cows and calves compared to artificial rearing (AR). Twelve Holstein-Zebu cows with calves were assigned to each treatment. Cows were milked once daily in the morning with calves present to stimulate milk let-down. RS calves suckled 30 min after milking and 30 min in the afternoon, whereas AR calves were milk-fed from nipple bottles. The daily saleable milk yield was higher in RS than in AR cows (p < 0.01; 7.44 vs 6.50 kg/day), whereas RS cows had lower milk-fat content (p < 0.001). AR cows had higher California Mastitis Test scores (p < 0.001) and lower lactose content (p < 0.001) compared to RS cows, which indicates an improved udder health in RS cows. AR calves displayed more ‘cross-suck’ during suckling/milk feeding (p < 0.001) and during observations of general behaviour (p < 0.05), and more ‘lick and sniff interior’ during milking (p < 0.05) and suckling/milk feeding (p < 0.01), compared to RS calves. During observations of general behaviour the RS calves were more often observed to ‘walk’ (p < 0.01) and ‘lick self’ (p < 0.05) and less frequently to ‘eat concentrate’ (p < 0.05) than AR calves. Results support the hypothesis that RS increases milk yield, influences milk composition and improves udder health in cows, and decreases abnormal sucking in calves.     

不同轮作模式下小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的发生动态和种群密度

轮作是防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的重要农业措施,为了明确青海省春麦区不同轮作模式对小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的控制效果,采用田间大区试验法对生产中应用的6种轮作模式进行了研究。结果表明:不同轮作模式下,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度变化差异极显著,其中小麦与马铃薯、油菜、蚕豆轮作两年或以上能有效降低小麦禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度,土壤中的孢囊量减少39.31%~84.39%,单孢虫口数量减少73.21%~95.35%,虫口密度减少83.76%~97.82%;不同作物间,小麦与马铃薯或蚕豆的轮作效果(虫口密度减少74.39%~79.37%)显著优于小麦与油菜的轮作效果(虫口密度减少67.16%)。在同一地块相同条件下,种植油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯、小麦4种作物,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫均能正常孵化,4月底土壤中的2龄幼虫(J2)量增加,5月上旬达到高峰期,5月中旬开始,土壤中的J2、孢囊量、虫口密度和单孢虫口数量均急剧下降,6月至7月份下降幅度小,趋于稳定;田间空孢囊率于5月中旬至6月中旬急剧增加,7月份趋于稳定,8月份以前,4种作物田禾谷孢囊线虫的孵化动态和种群密度变化趋势一致,8月中旬,小麦田随着新孢囊脱落到土壤中,禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度开始上升,小麦收获后土壤中的孢囊量比播种前增加28.62%,虫口密度增加41.30%;而油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯田土壤中的孢囊量比播种前减少32.27%~48.36%,虫口密度减少70.91%~81.73%,8月中旬至10月份小麦田禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度极显著高于油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯田。     

稻-鸭生态系统中二化螟消长动态研究

2003年4～10月,在稻鸭共栖田中,对二化螟发生规律的系统研究结果表明,稻田养鸭能显著减轻二化螟的为害。与对照相比,中稻田养鸭区二化螟为害株率减少13.4%～47.1%;晚稻田减少62.2%。稻鸭共栖能减少化学农药的使用量,具有较好的经济、社会和生态效益。     

科尔沁沙地榆树疏林草地物种多样性及乔木种群空间格局

应用多样性指数对科尔沁沙地榆树疏林草地的物种多样性进行了研究,并用空间格局指数测定了乔木种群的分布格局。结果表明,灌木层多样性较低,而草本层物种多样性较高。在生活型功能群中,一、二年生草本处于优势地位,多年生草本具有稳定群落的效应;在生态功能群中,旱生、中生植物占有主体优势,但在群落中又存在植物功能互补效应。乔木种群的分布格局呈现出聚集分布,在其发育过程中具有不同的动态变化特征,即幼苗、幼树阶段为聚集分布,到了成树阶段为随机分布。     

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Italian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains suggests the evolution of local endemic populations of the pathogen and does not correlate with race distribution

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Italy and severe outbreaks occur under conditions that favour disease development. In this study a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) based on the partial sequence of seven loci was applied to a selection of strains representative of the main areas of cultivation and hosts. The aim was to investigate whether the long tradition of brassica crops in Italy has influenced the evolution of different Xcc populations. All loci were polymorphic; 14 allelic profiles were identified of which 13 were unique to Italian strains. Based on the seven loci, the most common genotype within the Italian Xcc strains (AP1) was also the most representative genotype found in worldwide Xcc strains. This genotype was included in a new clonal complex in addition to three other clonal complexes already identified in Xcc populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction using a concatenated dataset of four conserved protein-coding genes, dnaK, fuyA, gyrB and rpoD, showed that the Italian strains belonged to two genetic groups. Physiological races were also investigated for the first time in Italy. The race structure of Xcc was determined by inoculating eight differential Brassica lines belonging to five species and showed that, in Italy, race 4 is the most widespread, followed by races 1 and 6. No correlation was found between allelic profiles, host of isolation, geographical origin and races, although a prevalent race was identified within the same clonal complex.     

医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务

在介绍国内外图书馆为老年人服务的基础上,分析了医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务的优势,探讨了医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务的途径。     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在蝗虫和群间的流行规律研究

在同德县北巴滩进行了不同浓度蝗虫微孢子虫（N.L)小区试验和大面积推广试验，并在1997和1999年对防治效果作了调查，结果表明N.L不仅当年虫口减退率和感病率可达60％和50％以上（30天），而且在1997年、1999年防区内平均感病率仍保持在30％和40％。说明N.L具有较强的水平扩散能力和垂直感染能力，可持续、有效地控制蝗灾的发生。     

新疆南部转基因棉区棉铃虫种群长期动态研究

（Bacillus thuringiensis）基因抗虫棉在新疆南部推广已超过10 a,为探索Bt棉大面积种植对棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）种群动态的影响,于1999-2010年使用诱虫灯监测了Bt棉大面积种植区域（麦盖提）和非Bt棉大面积种植区域（阿瓦提）棉铃虫的种群动态。结果表明：新疆南部地区20世纪90年代末发生棉铃虫害较重,2000-2004年种群数量保持较高水平;自2005年Bt棉大面积推广以后,Bt棉区棉铃虫的种群数量显著下降,棉铃虫种群数量随Bt棉种植比例的上升而下降（P<0.05）;]随着Bt棉大面积推广年数的增加,Bt棉区棉铃虫各代种群数量均逐渐下降,第二代种群数量和高峰期蛾量下降速率均较越冬代和第一代快,且第二代棉铃虫种群相对丰富度也逐渐下降。因此,新疆地区Bt棉的大面积种植能较好地控制棉铃虫的种群数量,而且对第二代棉铃虫种群的控制效果最好。     

鸽保健砂中主要矿物质元素含量及钙磷测定前处理方法的比较

为了解保健砂中主要矿物质元素的含量情况,试验采集了6省共11个地区的鸽保健砂产品,首先比较了用湿法消化、干法消化和酸溶解法对钙磷待测样品进行前处理的效果,分别按照GB/T 6436-2018和GB/T 6437-2018测定方法测定了样品中的Ca、P含量,接着采用GB/T 13885-2017方法测定了样品中Fe、Cu...