测土配方施肥普及过程中农户层面存在的问题以及改进建议

目前,测土配方施肥工作虽然取得了阶段性成效,但实际推广规模仍难突破,7个环节中都逐一有问题暴露,而农户作为测土配方施肥技术推广的最终环节所突显的问题极大地限制了测土配方施肥技术的普及,就农户层面出现的问题提出建议。     

玉米免耕播种机漏播补偿方法对比研究

为解决玉米免耕播种机播种作业时存在漏播的问题,针对漏播自补偿和漏播辅助补偿方法进行了对比研究。对水平圆盘排种器的排种性能进行试验,获取了排种器在不同排种盘转速和播种粒距下排种合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数。由漏播自补偿补种性能分析可得,在排种口检测漏播信号进行加速补种,补种的实际粒距LPR>1.5L,补种粒距依然为漏播,无法实现漏播补偿功能,若在种子脱离排种口之前检测到漏播信号,提前做好加速准备再进行补种,可实现漏播自补偿功能。由漏播自补偿试验可知,漏播自补偿受播种速度和播种粒距影响较大,在播种粒距为20、25cm,播种速度不大于5km/h时,补种合格率不小于88%,在播种粒距为15cm或播种速度大于5km/h时,补种合格率较低;由漏播辅助补偿补种性能试验可知,在播种速度3~7km/h,粒距15~25cm下,补种成功率不小于89%,在播种速度不大于5km/h,补种合格率不小于96%。为了保证补种位置精确,采用漏播辅助补偿装置进行补种,〖JP2〗需合理设计漏播补偿装置安装位置,同时受播种速度、播种粒距、排种盘线速度、投种角的影响,通过合理设计补种装置安装参数后,控制补种装置响应时间t和补偿装置排种盘的线速度vb实现补种位置的精确控制。     

农田无线传感器网络的节点部署仿真与实现

应用无线传感器网络进行农田信息采集时,针对农田面积大、传感器节点众多的特点,如何有效地部署节点成为研究的热点之一。利用NS2软件从丢包率、平均延时、剩余能量和接收信号强度等网络性能角度对随机部署、正六边形部署及正四边形部署方式进行了仿真比较,最终确定正六边形部署方案,并在农田中进行实地试验。结果表明系统能够实现无缝覆盖,稳定可靠的采集农田信息,为无线传感器网络在农田环境中的进一步应用提供了参考。     

玉米DUS测试标准品种在华南亚热带生态区的表现与优化

通过大田试验,对玉米DUS测试指南中的37份标准品种在华南亚热带生态区广州测试站的表现与玉米DUS测试指南中的代码和描述进行了差异性分析。结果表明,玉米测试指南中的35个测试性状中有29个性状的符合系数大于0.95、占82.86%,其中散粉期、雄穗小穗密度、雄穗一级侧枝数目和籽粒排列形式这4个性状的符合系数为1.00;符合系数小于0.95的6个性状均为数量性状,并进一步对这6个性状的14个表达状态的标准品种进行了进一步的优化。     

historical review of pig testing programs in Denmark

Until1887pig breeding in Denmark wasbased upon the export to Germany of heavy pigs,weighing from120to150kg.To satisfy thismarket the old native Danish Landrace breed wascrossed with Middle White and Berkshire boarsimported from England in order to produce stillfatter pigs.In1887the importation of Danishpigs became prohibited by Germany and ourfarmers had to change over to the production ofbacon for the English market.This change over was not an easy one.Forthe production of bacon,a comple…     

Relationships between the primary mineral and the clay mineral compositions of some recent andosols

Relationships between the clay mineralogy and the primary mineral association were studied on seventeen Andosol samples (<3,000 years old) collected from Aomori, Hokkaido, and Iwate. Opaline silica, allophane, and imogolite were predominant in the soils derived from volcanic ashes which contained practically no quartz, while opaline silica, crystalline layer silicates, alumina-rich gel-like materials, and allophanelike constituents were abundant in the soils which contained abundant quartz. There was no positive indication of the presence of allophane in any quartz andesitic Andosols. High contents of finely comminuted amphibole and mica in the quartz andesitic volcanic ashes suggested that the crystalline layer silicates are inherited and are not formed pedochemically from amorphous materials.     

In vitro evaluation of screws and suture anchors in metaphyseal bone of the canine tibia

OBJECTIVE: To compare ease of insertion, load to failure, and mode of failure of cortical and cancellous screws, BoneBiter, IMEX, and TwinFix suture anchors in canine metaphyseal tibial bone. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental biomechanical study. ANIMALS: Canine cadaveric tibias. METHODS: One investigator inserted all anchors and subjectively evaluated ease of placement. Anchor systems were loaded to failure along axis of insertion with audio-video recording to determine failure mode. RESULTS: BoneBiter was the most difficult anchor to insert successfully. Mean+/-SD loads to failure were cancellous screw (711+/-193 N), IMEX 4.7 mm 18 g wire (661+/-163 N), IMEX 4.0 mm 18 g wire (661+/-165 N), cortical screw (635+/-184 N), BoneBiter #5 Kevlar suture (393+/- 109 N), and TwinFix 5.0 mm #2 polyester (267+/-73 N). No significant differences were noted among the cortical screw, cancellous screw, IMEX 4.7 and 4.0 mm, all of which were significantly (P<.001) greater than BoneBiter and TwinFix . Failure modes were pullout of bone, suture-wire breakage, eyelet breakage, or no failure to 1000 N: screws (18,0,0,2), IMEX (18,1,1,0), BoneBiter (2,8,0,0), and TwinFix (0,10,0,0). CONCLUSIONS: Fixation devices were user friendly, with the exception of BoneBiter. Mode of failure is dependent on suture material and anchor design. Cortical and cancellous screws, and IMEX anchors with 18 g wire have significantly greater load to failure compared with BoneBiter and TwinFix suture anchors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on load to failure, ease of use, design characteristics, and cost, IMEX anchors may have advantages over other comparable soft tissue fixation devices.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测能力验证样品制备及其应用效果评价

为考核实验室检测甲型H1N1流感病毒的能力,设计和实施了“CNAS T0459甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测能力验证计划”.利用甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009)和经典H1N1猪流感病毒核酸标准物质制备6组能力验证阳性样品,经实验室检测分析,所制备的样品均匀性和稳定性均达到中国合格评定国家认可委员会对能力验证样品的要求.将6组阳性样品和1组阴性样品编号后下发54家参试实验室,共有50家实验室报送了有效数据,其中完全达到能力验证要求的实验室共34家,满意率达68％,其余16家为不满意实验室,包括8家实验室检测经典H1N1猪流感病毒满意,但甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009)特异性检测不满意.本次能力验证为整体提升我国甲型H1N1流感病毒的检测水平和评估各级实验室检测能力具有重要意义.     

稻壳粉一次性筷子制备的试验研究

以稻壳粉为基材,以羧甲基纤维素钠和黄原胶为黏合剂、色拉油为脱模剂,利用正交试验找出最佳比例的配方。结果表明,最佳比例的配方为稻壳粉154.7 g,羧甲基纤维素钠7.65 g,黄原胶7.65 g,检测证明一次性可降解的稻壳粉筷子综合性能良好。