应用二次通用旋转组合设计优化黄绿绿僵菌固相培养基配方

在真菌孢子粉大规模生产中,筛选生防真菌最佳产孢培养基是提高产孢量的先决条件。选用廉价易得的实验材料作固体培养基,在单因素试验的基础上,采用二次通用旋转组合设计,对影响黄绿绿僵菌Mf82菌株固相发酵阶段产孢量的固体培养基组分及其配比进行了优化,并检测了所获孢子粉的质量指标。结果表明,单因素试验,从大米粉、面粉、玉米粉、豆角壳和黄粉虫蜕中选择面粉、豆角壳与黄粉虫蜕以4:1:0.2配比混合作为固体培养基配方时,该菌产孢量最高;优化实验,固相培养基中面粉、豆角壳和黄粉虫蜕的配比为4:1:0.25时,该菌产孢量高达2.39×10¹²个·kg^-1;孢子粉的指标检测,显示用该培养基配方生产的黄绿绿僵菌孢子粉达到了真菌孢子粉生产的企业标准。     

Growth testing of two breeds of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (Hungarian mirror and Třeboň scaly carp), in ponds with low and high stocking density

The growth of two breeds of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was tested in ponds under the climatic conditions of South Bohemia. T?eboň scaly carp (TR) and Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were kept in both low and high stocking densities during the second growing season and then stocked together for communal testing during the third growing season. Before the communal testing, the mean initial weights of fish from low‐ and high‐density stocks differed significantly (374.1 vs. 227.7 g for the TR breed and 766.7 vs. 317.3 g for the M2 breed respectively, P<0.01). After communal testing, mean weights of fish from low‐ and high‐density stocks gained 761.8 vs. 543.8 g for the TR breed and 1339.7 vs. 706.7 g for the M2 breed respectively. These observed weights were also significantly different (P<0.01). However, the test of corrected weight gain, i.e. gain not related to the initial weight of fish, revealed insignificant differences (P>0.01) between the weight gains after correction, i.e. the effect of different initial weights was successfully eliminated. These results seem to confirm the applicability of this method for the assessment of growth of purebred common carp under the climatic conditions of Central European fish farms.     

First report of Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. infection in freshwater cultured loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

A novel disease outbreak occurred among cultured loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China. The diseased fish displayed lethargy, loss of appetite, black discolouration, anasarca and ventral skin hyperaemia. Clinical signs were observed in most of the fish examined, which consisted of discoloured liver, swollen spleen and petechial haemorrhage in the intestine and peritoneal membranes. The causative agent was found to be two species of bacteria by experimental infection, identified as Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. The result showed that these were likely to be Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum respectively. Bacterial identification consisted of physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, revealing that Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum were susceptible to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, pipemidicacid and norfloxacin. This is the first report of S. putrefaciens and L. anguillarum from cultured loach.     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检,进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验,并采用病毒检测等方法,以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明,斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性,体表光洁,肌肉透亮,肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜,健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力,而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象;虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低,随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低,随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min,成活率近100％;在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好,而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测,可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

Routine and specialized laboratory testing for the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases in dogs and cats

Abstract: The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases can be challenging. The first step is recognition that the disease involves the neuromuscular system (muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and ventral horn cells of the spinal cord). Many neuromuscular diseases share clinical signs and cannot be distinguished based on clinical examination. Routine laboratory screening, including a CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis, can identify some of the most common systemic abnormalities that cause muscle weakness and myalgia, such as hypo‐ and hyperglycemia, electrolyte disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, and may suggest a specific diagnosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypo‐ or hyperadrenocorticism, renal failure, or hypothyroidism. Increased creatine kinase activity, increased cardiac troponin I concentration, and myoglobinuria are useful in detecting skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Identification of acetylcholine receptor antibodies is diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. For primary muscle or peripheral nerve diseases, tissue biopsy is the most direct way to determine specific pathology, correctly classify the disease, and determine the course of additional laboratory testing. For example, inflammatory, necrotizing, dystrophic, metabolic, or congenital myopathies require different laboratory testing procedures for further characterization. Many neuromuscular diseases are inherited or breed‐associated, and DNA‐based tests may already be established or may be feasible to develop after the disorder has been accurately characterized. This review focuses on both routine and specialized laboratory testing necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis and determine an accurate prognosis for neuromuscular diseases.     

液电式馈能减振器外特性仿真与试验

为了回收由路面不平引起的车辆振动能量,设计了一种车用液电式馈能减振器,并针对其外特性进行了研究。根据液电式馈能减振器组成与原理,建立了相应的数学模型,模拟试验工况计算得到了示功特性及速度特性曲线;搭建了液电式馈能减振器试验台架并进行台架试验以验证理论模型的合理性;最后,基于所建立的液电馈能式减振器数学模型分析了蓄能器充气压力、蓄能器充气体积、液压马达排量、单向阀节流口面积与液压管路内径对外特性的影响。结果表明:提高高压蓄能器充气压力可以增大系统阻尼力;增大高压蓄能器充气体积、单向阀节流口面积、液压管路内径以及液压马达排量会引起系统阻尼力减小,其中液压马达排量只对伸张行程阻尼力有影响,压缩行程阻尼力不受其影响。     

斜插式蔬菜嫁接机砧木夹持机构研制与试验

针对传统嫁接机采用整体式夹持片作为砧木夹持机构无法矫正砧木苗弯曲度而造成砧木苗夹持损伤,夹持力无法调节的缺点,该文以葫芦苗作为试验对象,在分析了葫芦苗结构参数和力学特性的基础上,设计开发了一种应用于斜插式蔬菜嫁接机并通过凸形和凹形夹持片交叉夹紧、夹持机构厚度和夹持力大小可调的砧木夹持机构,并确定了该机构的主要结构参数。试验结果表明,与普通夹持机构相比,该机构对砧木苗具有较好的导向作用,能较好地矫正砧木苗的弯曲状态,夹持成功率达到100%,提高了13.3个百分点,伤苗率仅为1.67%,比普通夹持机构减小了11.63个百分点,所设计的嫁接机砧木苗夹持机构是可行的。该研究可为蔬菜砧木苗嫁接机的设计提供参考。     

聚乙烯基木塑复合材料动态弹性模量预测模型1）

以PE基木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量预测模型为研究对象,利用无损检测的方法对PE基木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量进行检测。将制备方式与实验结果分别利用回归预测模型与灰色理论系统的GM（1,N）／GM（1,N,X（0））模型进行拟合预测,结果表明灰色GM（1,N,X（0））模型对PE基木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量有比较好的拟合能力和相对高的预测精度。     

适宜“油蔬两用”的油菜品种筛选

为筛选出适宜湖北地区应用推广的"油蔬两用"油菜品种,对9个"双低"甘蓝型油菜品种摘薹与未摘薹的产量、产值及主要性状进行了比较分析。结果表明,油菜摘薹后菜子产量比未摘薹平均增12.52%,总产值比未摘薹平均增124.08%,初步分析油菜摘薹后二次分枝及每角粒数普遍增加是菜子产量增加的主要原因。供试品种中,中油112菜薹、菜子产量高,菜薹口感甜脆爽口,可作为高产型"油蔬两用"品种推广应用;天下农3号菜薹产量及总产值高,浙油28菜薹口感及主要经济性状表现突出,菜子增产潜力大,二者可以作为"油蔬两用"配套品种。     

不同产地单株美洲黑杨×青杨F1苗期测定研究

不同产地、单株美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)×青杨(P.cathayana)F1苗期测定研究的结果表明,父、母本对F1苗木生长量有明显的影响,长安种源青杨作父本杂交效果较好,而I-69杨作母本杂交效果较好;就感病程度而言,不同种源青杨间差异较大,而同一种源单株间差异不大.