西花蓟马在石榴上的空间分布型及理论抽样数

采用5种聚集强度指标和2种线性回归对西花蓟马在石榴上的空间分布型进行了检验,对各指标的分析结果表明:西花蓟马在石榴园中的分布为聚集分布,个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分是个体群,其聚集性随种群密度的增加而增强。用Iwao回归法中的α、β参数计算出了在允许误差范围内的理论抽样数。     

水杨酸对石榴扦插苗的影响

以萘乙酸、清水处理为对照,在适宜浓度下用水杨酸对石榴插穗进行浸泡处理扦插繁殖,研究其对石榴扦插苗成活率、生根数量、根系生长及新梢的影响。结果表明:水杨酸、萘乙酸处理后成活情况相似,在促进石榴扦插苗生根及枝梢生长方面二者效果相同。     

冬季修剪对石榴观花赏果的影响

采用冬季粗放修剪、细致修剪和不修剪3种处理,对翌年石榴挂花量、挂果量的影响进行试验研究。结果表明:采用冬季粗放修剪,可提高挂花量;采用冬季细致修剪,可提高挂果量。建议在攀西地区园林绿化中,以观花为主的石榴,宜采用冬季粗放修剪,提高观花效果;以观果为主的石榴,宜采用冬季细致修剪,提高赏果效果。     

Partitioning of Chlorine,Sodium, and Potassium and Shoot Growth of Three Pomegranate Cultivars Under Different Levels of Salinity

Salinity is a major problem in a wide pomegranate-growing area of central Iran. Effects of four levels of salinity on leaf and root chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) partitioning and shoot growth in three major commercial cultivars of pomegranate (Punica granatum), namely ‘Alak Torsh,’ ‘Malas Torsh,’ and ‘Malas Shirin,’ under climatic conditions of central Iran were investigated. Pomegranate cuttings were rooted and planted in plastic pots containing 1:1 sand:perlite medium and irrigated immediately with complete Hoagland's solution immediately. Four salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM NaCl) were used. Final concentrations of NaCl were achieved after three weeks and continued for 80 d. Growth characteristics (i.e., length of the main stem, length and number of internodes, and leaf surface) were measured during the experiment. At harvest, concentrations of Na, K, and Cl in root and apical and basal leaves of the three cultivars were determined separately. In ‘Malas Torsh’ and ‘Alak Torsh’ cultivars, increasing salinity was proportional to NaCl concentration and reduced the length of stem, the length and number of the internodes, and leaf surface. There was an increase in the growth rate of the ‘Malas Shirin’ cultivar with increasing salinity up to 40 mM, but a decline in growth rate occurred at salinity levels higher than 40 mM. With increasing salinity level, the tissue concentration of Na and Cl increased while the K/Na ratio decreased. No significant differences were observed among the three cultivars in Na, Cl, and K concentrations of roots or apical or basal leaves. These results show that ‘Malas Shirin’ grew better under saline conditions compared with the ‘Malas Torsh’ and ‘Alak Torsh’ cultivars.     

石榴新品种‘玛瑙红’

 利石榴新品种‘玛瑙红’是‘大笨子’的优良芽变,成熟期比‘大笨子’晚10 d 左右,平 均单果质量357.6 g,比‘大笨子’提高50 g ;果实近圆形,果皮底色为黄白色,表面着美丽红霞,果面 光洁鲜艳,外观品质优良,综合品质上等。成枝力、萌芽力较强,丰产、稳产;抗早期落叶病及干腐病 能力较强,抗逆性较好。     

‘三白’石榴再生体系的构建

为建立适用于遗传转化和育种研究的‘三白’石榴再生体系,以带芽茎段为外植体进行组织培养研究。结果表明,最佳初代培养基为MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+ IBA 0.2 mg/L+ PVP 2 g/L,成芽率达83.1%,成芽个数为4.9;最佳增殖培养基为B5+ BA 0.8 mg/L+ IBA 0.5 mg/L+ AgNO3 0.2 mg/L+ GA3 0.2 mg/L+椰汁100 ml/L+PVP 2 g/L,增殖系数达5.6;最佳生根培养基为B5+ IBA 1.0 mg/L+椰汁100 ml/L,生根率达95.6%,移栽成活率达87.3%,由此建立了‘三白’石榴的再生体系。     

石榴果实花青苷差异性分析

为了探讨石榴果实中花青苷的种类及果皮和果肉间的差异,采用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器联用技术(HPLC-PAD)和高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-多级质谱联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MSn),进行花青苷的定性及定量分析。结果发现,从11份不同产地观赏或食用石榴的果皮和果肉中,在525 nm共检测出10种花青苷成分,其中飞燕草素3-戊糖苷(Dp-3-pentoside)和芍药花素3-己糖苷(Pn-3-hexoside)首次从石榴果实中检测到。果皮和果肉中总花青苷含量无相关性,且种类也不完全相同。从检测的几种材料中发现,观赏石榴果皮中花青苷含量高于果肉,而食用品种果肉中的含量高于果皮。     

石榴枯萎病菌拮抗放线菌对南方根结线虫的毒力

从云南蒙自万亩石榴园、建水石榴园采集的土样中分离筛选得到对石榴枯萎病菌有较强拮抗活性的放线菌,其中菌株JS1对石榴枯萎病菌的室内抑菌半径为11mm。测定了菌株JS1发酵液对南方根结线虫的抑杀活性,结果表明,50%JS1菌株发酵液处理南方根结线虫卵6d,卵孵化率与对照相比降低了51.67%;50%JS1菌株发酵液处理南方根结线虫2龄幼虫72h,2龄幼虫的校正死亡率增加了88.10%;菌株JS1兼有拮抗石榴枯萎病菌及抑杀南方根结线虫的活性。结合菌株JS1在鉴定培养基上的培养特征、形态学观察及16SrDNA序列分析,将JS1初步鉴定为壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis)。     

石榴种皮结构及发育过程的显微观察

为探明石榴种皮的显微结构及其发育过程中的变化,从而丰富石榴种皮发育的细胞学基础,进而为调控种皮发育奠定基础。通过改进石蜡切片方法,对‘月季石榴’果实发育过程中种皮的显微结构进行研究。结果表明:脱水、透明间隔时间延长至2 h,浸蜡时间延长至3 d,可获得良好的切片蜡带。对种皮显微的观察发现,石榴内外种皮由5层细胞组成,外种皮由栅栏层和薄壁细胞层细胞组成,内种皮由木栓层、厚壁细胞层和薄壁细胞层组成。对不同发育阶段种皮的显微结构观察发现,发育前期内外种皮间存在明显的空气腔;之后,内外种皮继续发育,内种皮外层细胞的细胞壁逐渐加厚形成木栓层;内外种皮间的空气腔消失。该结果为进一步开展石榴籽粒发育的研究奠定良好基础。      

微波辅助提取石榴皮黄酮及抗氧化活性研究

以石榴皮为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化石榴皮中黄酮化合物的微波辅助提取工艺,并就其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除能力进行探讨。结果表明,石榴皮黄酮化合物的微波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),微波提取时间2.70min,该条件下黄酮提取率的平均值为(4.424±0.168)%,与模型预测的黄酮提取率4.523%相近。制得的石榴皮提取物对DPPH·清除试验的IC_(50)为0.187 mg/m L,说明其具有较强的抗氧化活性。