超声波辅助提取石榴叶单宁的工艺

为探究提取石榴叶单宁的最佳工艺条件,在比较了不同溶剂、不同处理方式提取效果的基础上,采用正交试验研究了以70%丙酮溶液为溶剂超声波辅助提取的最佳条件;结果为:料液比1∶20(g/mL),超声波功率100W,频率为40kHz,提取温度40℃,提取时间50min,最优条件下的提取量为225.12mg/g,提取率为94.63%。     

4个石榴品种的染色体核型分析

采用常规根尖压片法对4个石榴品种的染色体数目进行了统计,并进行了核型分析。旨在了解品种间演化关系,为石榴品种间分类研究提供细胞学依据。结果表明:4个石榴品种的染色体数都为18,且核型不对称性类型均为2B型,说明4个品种间的染色体核型变异不大。但核型仍然存在一定的差异,芽变新品种白玉和其母本的核型公式相似,说明两者亲缘关系较近,但母本的臂比大于2的染色体占11.11%,而白玉为22.22%,说明前者较后者原始。大笨子与玉石籽的核型公式具有一定的相似性,说明两者之间亲缘关系也较近。单就臂比大于2的比例来看,芽变新品种白玉较其它3个品种进化。从核型来看,白玉及其母本比另2个品种的核型不对称性强。4个石榴品种的染色体都具有随体,且随体位置相同,但是随体大小稍有不同。4个石榴品种的染色体总体积亦不相同。     

Diversity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasm in Tunisia

Thirty pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) accessions were studied to determine the overall degree of polymorphism and to detect similarities among genotypes. PCA and cluster analysis showed a considerable phenotypic and genetic diversity in the local pomegranate germplasm. Some polyclonal varieties were identified and cases of homonymy were detected. The geographic origin was not a determinant criterion for cultivars clustering. Parameters with high discriminating values were those related to fruit size and color and juice characteristics. Factors affecting pomegranate germplasm diversity are discussed.     

石榴花发育相关基因PgAGL11的克隆及功能验证

以‘突尼斯软籽’石榴为试材,对雌蕊败育的原因及关键时期、PgAGL11序列特征及功能进行研究。石蜡切片观察结果表明,雌蕊败育的原因为胚珠内珠被原基形成后停止发育,胚珠败育的关键时期为花蕾纵径8.1~15.0 mm时;采用TA克隆得到PgAGL11全长CDS序列696 bp,系统进化分析发现其与拟南芥的AGL11序列相似性最高;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PgAGL11在雌蕊中表达量显著高于其他花器官,且在胚珠败育关键时期(花蕾纵径8.1~15.0 mm),可育花雌蕊中表达量极显著高于败育花雌蕊;构建PgAGL11过量表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法侵染野生型拟南芥,转基因拟南芥花表现为雄蕊变短,花瓣变小,花柱变长,柱头表面乳突状物质变长。本研究确定了石榴雌蕊败育的关键原因及时期,并初步证明了PgAGL11可能在石榴雌蕊败育过程中发挥重要作用。     

The effect of ZnSO4 and KNO3 on quantitative and qualitative properties of Punica granatum L.

Abstract

We investigated the effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) on the fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Malas-E–Torsh in Saveh). Potassium was applied as KNO₃ at concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% and zinc was applied as ZnSO₄ at concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, and 1% in a completely randomized block design. To determine the effect of the treatments on fruit quality, we measured fruit weight, peel thickness, aril diameter, phenol content of the juice, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and antioxidant capacity. Foliar application of KNO₃ significantly increased fruit weight, 100 aril weight, peel weight, peel thickness, TTS, and antioxidant capacity. In contrast, pH, TA, TSS/TA, and phenol content of the juice were not influenced by foliar application of KNO₃. ZnSO₄ significantly increased fruit weight, aril diameter, and phenol content of the juice. KNO₃ 1% and ZnSO₄ 0.5% were identified as the most appropriate treatments in improving quality and quantity of pomegranate. The fatty acid profile of the pomegranate oil was primarily composed of punicic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid.     

石榴园土壤养分与果实品质的多元分析

为探讨石榴园土壤养分对果实品质的影响,并为果园科学配方施肥提供参考依据,本研究对皮山县皮亚曼石榴园的土壤养分和果实品质进行调查,应用SPSS软件进行多元统计分析,筛选出影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子。结果表明,和田皮亚曼石榴果实Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量均高于其他石榴产区,为优质甜石榴品种。土壤有机质除与速效钾和锌外,与其他土壤矿质元素均为正相关。果实Vc含量与土壤有效磷、铁和锰含量呈正相关,与速效钾呈负相关;可滴定酸含量与土壤锰呈正相关,与有机质、全氮呈负相关;可溶性糖含量与土壤有机质、全氮和铜呈正相关;可溶性固形物含量与土壤速效钾、全氮和锌呈正相关。因此,提高土壤有机质含量,适量增施氮、磷肥和微量元素,是提高当地果园石榴果实品质的重要措施。     

HPLC测定石榴皮提取物颗粒剂中不同时期鞣花酸含量的变化

采用高效液相色谱法测定了石榴皮提取物颗粒剂在不同时期的有效成分鞣花酸含量的变化。色谱柱PT-230A Colume heater Apollo C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,柱温30℃;流动相为乙腈-1.2%磷酸溶液（20∶80）;检测波长254 nm;流速1.0 mL/min。结果显示,鞣花酸含量测定的线性范围0.52～5.20μg（R2=0.99786）,平均加样回收率为97.8%,RSD为1.6%。样品于2008年3月25日测定的颗粒剂鞣花酸含量为0.495 mg/g,2011年3月25日测定的含量为0.439 mg/g。表明该石榴皮提取物颗粒剂稳定性良好,有效期可达到三年以上。该方法简便、准确,可用于中药石榴皮的质量控制。     

中华蜜蜂为石榴授粉效果研究

以蒙自石榴和中华蜜蜂为试材,对蜜蜂为石榴授粉与石榴自花授粉的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,蜜蜂授粉的石榴坐果率显著高于自花授粉的坐果率(第一批花为11.49%,第二批花为12.00%),两种授粉方式下果实中石榴籽粒含水量和含糖量差异均不显著。蜜蜂为石榴授粉可提高石榴的坐果率和果实重量。     

Effect of dietary pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) and Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis miller) supplementation on testicular antioxidant biomarkers and spermatogenesis enzymes in mature V-Line rabbit bucks

Rabbit meat is considered as an economic source of white meat, increasing its production is limited by the buck fertility, since one rabbit can be used to inseminate up to 15 female. The aim of the current study is to enhance male rabbit fertility by using dietary antioxidants including Aloe vera gel ( AVG ) and pomegranate peels ( PP ). In a 60 days experiment, 48 V-Line 5-month-old rabbit bucks of average body weight (2,300 ± 20) kg were allocated into four dietary treatments (n = 12/group) as follow: CON (fed on control diet), ALOE (received AVG in drinking water; 500 mg/L drinking water), POM3 (fed on basal diet + 3% of pomegranate) and POM5 (fed on basal diet + 5% of pomegranate). Semen samples were collected at d30 and d60 of the experiment and used for analysis of semen quality. Sexual behaviour was reported in terms of latency to first mating and ejaculation interval. At the end of the experiment, six bucks were euthanized from each group, blood samples were collected and used for testosterone level determination and testicular tissue samples were collected and used for key antioxidant and spermatogenesis enzymes assessment, and testes histopathological evaluation. The UNIVARIATE procedures of SAS 9.4 were used to analyse the data, significance was declared at p ≤.05. PP supplementation improved percentage of progressive motile sperms while AVG negatively impacted it (p = .04), sperm concentration and metabolically active sperm cells were the highest in PP and lowest in ALOE supplemented bucks (p = .01 and .01; respectively). Testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in AVG supplemented group (p = .01 and .02; respectively). From our findings, AVG in its fresh form decreased fertility of rabbit bucks, while PP is potent fertility boosting for rabbit bucks.     

石榴皮制取鞣花酸技术研究进展

本文对近年来以石榴皮为原料制取鞣花酸的相关研究及其进展情况进行了综述,归纳了相关的制取工艺及其优缺点,对石榴皮鞣花酸的应用前景进行简要分析,以期为石榴皮的加工利用提供参考。