Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates prepared by two bacterial agarases stepwise hydrolyzed and their anti-oxidative properties

Twenty algal-oligosaccharide-lysates (AOLs), derived from six agars and four algal polysaccharide extracts (APEs), were treated first with agarases with 250 or 500 agarase activity units (AU), which were produced from the agar-liquefying bacterial strain Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103, named MA103-agarases. The AOLs were then treated with agarases (250 or 500 AU) derived from the agar-softening bacterial strain Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF 108, named MAEF 108-agarases. Anti-oxidative properties of the AOLs were evaluated by five in vitro methods. The AOL obtained from the APE of Porphyra dentate, digested by 250 AU of MA 103-agarases, and by 250 AU of MAEF 108-agarases, designated as A₂₅₀-Por, showed better results than the 19 other AOLs. This result is in accordance with the level of soluble total polyphenols (STP) of A₂₅₀-Por, which was also higher than the remainder of the AOLs tested. The AOL derived from the APE of P. dentate, digested by 500 AU of MA103-agarases and then 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases, and designated as B₅₀₀-Por, displayed the second highest data in four potential evaluation methods, except in H₂O₂ scavenging capacity. In this study, certain agars or APEs digested by specific agarases can present an increasing antioxidative capacity. These agars include Bitek agar, Agar powder, Bacteriological, Agar Bacteriological, and Guanghui agar, plus APEs of Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum decomposed stepwise by two agarases. The fraction of polyphenols (<1 kDa) that were derived from A₂₅₀-Por showed anti-oxidative activities on α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power determination, while the remaining four agar-lytic fractions obtained from A₂₅₀-Por did not exhibit anti-oxidative activity. This phenomenon may suggest that anti-oxidative properties of AOLs originate in polyphenols. Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates may have potential use as a health food.     

浒苔多酚对肥胖小鼠血脂代谢及肠道菌群的调节作用

为了研究浒苔多酚(Enteromorpha prolifera polyphenols, EPP)对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的预防作用,将24只C57BL/6J小鼠分为4组,即空白对照组、模型对照组、低剂量浒苔多酚处理组(100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)以及高剂量浒苔多酚处理组(300 mg·kg^-1·d^-1),连续灌胃14周,考察不同剂量浒苔多酚干预对肥胖小鼠生理生化指标以及肠道菌群数量和结构的影响。结果表明,EPP能抑制肥胖小鼠体重增长,降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)浓度,增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。此外,EPP干预可提高有益菌如拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、艾克曼菌属(Akkermansia)及副杆菌属(Parabacteroides)的相对丰度,促进短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)分泌;降低有害菌如瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcaceae)及颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)的相对丰度。因此,浒苔多酚作为功能性食品成分能够减轻高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肥胖症状。本研究为浒苔多酚作为海洋资源的开发与利用提供了理论依据与数据支撑。     

5种黔产药食两用植物总黄酮、多酚及多糖的含量测定

[目的]测定5种黔产药食两用植物中总黄酮、多酚及多糖的含量。[方法]选取茯苓、玉竹、天麻、木瓜和百合5种黔产药食两用植物为研究对象,运用紫外分光光度法测定5种植物乙醇提取液的主要抗氧化成分(总黄酮、多酚、多糖)的含量。[结果]茯苓的总黄酮、总多酚含量最高分别达到18.767 3和18.732 3 mg/g,而玉竹的总多糖含量最高达到154.437 6 mg/g。[结论]该方法测定了5种黔产药食两用植物中总黄酮、多酚及多糖的含量,为黔产植物的进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。     

新疆药用植物黑桑的抗氧化性

为寻找一种天然的抗氧化材料,以新疆药用植物黑桑的根、枝、叶和果实的乙醇提取物为材料,进行总多酚、总黄酮、抗氧化能力以及螯合 Fe2+测定。结果显示：果实(桑椹)提取物(EEMF)的总多酚含量(0.9438 mg· mL -1)以及总黄酮含量(0.1747 mg·mL -1)与叶提取物( EEML)、枝提取物( EEMB)和根提取物( EEMR)相比并不高,但 EEMF的抗氧化能力最强,其清除羟基自由基、DPPH 自由基能力分别达到96.46%,96.83%,抑制脂质体氧化能力达到71.14%;此外,EEMF螯合 Fe2+能力也强于其他3种。表明黑桑4个部位都具有良好的抗氧化能力,且果实最佳。     

柿种质资源叶片中黄酮和多酚含量多样性研究

为比较柿种质资源间黄酮类化合物和多酚含量的多样性,对111份柿资源叶片中槲皮素、山奈酚、粗黄酮和多酚进行测定和分析。结果表明,柿种质资源间槲皮素、山奈酚、粗黄酮和多酚含量存在丰富的多样性;除槲皮素外,不同柿地域来源间山奈酚、粗黄酮和多酚均表现出显著(P0.05)差异性,而不同柿类型间只有山奈酚显示出显著(P0.05)差异性;聚类结果显示柿种质资源可分为四大类群,其中类群Ⅳ为黄酮类化合物和多酚高含量的柿种质资源类群,共有21份资源,其为柿资源的选育提供了宝贵的育种材料。     

黑茶发酵优势菌对茶多酚的生物转化研究

利用从茯砖茶中分离出的冠突散囊菌和从普洱茶中分离出的黑曲霉、根霉分别接种于以茶多酚作为唯一碳源的培养基中,进行单一菌株发酵,对发酵过程茶多酚类化合物的变化规律进行分析.结果表明,发酵期内,随着发酵时间延长,各发酵液的茶多酚总量显著降低,冠突散囊菌、黑曲霉、根霉发酵液中多酚分别降低38.9％、85.5％和92.1％;黄酮类总量在黑曲霉、根霉的作用下先下降后上升,冠突散囊菌则波动上升;各处理儿茶素总量均显著下降,其中酯型儿茶素含量直线下降,非酯型儿茶素和没食子酸的含量均先增加后减少.在黑曲霉、根霉作用下,茶黄素、茶红素含量显著减少,茶褐素含量增加.冠突散囊菌发酵液中茶黄素含量减少,茶红素含量增加,茶褐素含量基本不变.基于不同优势菌对茶多酚的转化在质和量上均有差异,有必要对其转化产物进行深入研究.     

HPTLC screening of taro hybrids (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) with high flavonoids and antioxidants contents

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is the tropical root crop species featuring the greatest flavonoids diversity. Their quantification is important for breeding programmes focusing on biofortification. This study aims at developing an HPTLC protocol to compare the flavonoids fingerprints of more than 1800 hybrids belonging to 24 full‐sib families and to select genotypes with high levels of antioxidants. Twenty different chemical markers were identified based on bands R_f and colour. Flavonoids differ among individuals both quantitatively and qualitatively. Marker ‘A’ yielded the strongest antioxidant response to DPPH, equivalent to the one with quercetin pure standard. Overall, 377 high flavonoids content (HFC) hybrids were selected from 14 different families. The mean corm weight of HFC hybrids always appeared higher than the mean corm weight of the family they belong to. This method allows unambiguous selection of HFC hybrids. It also contributes to taro genetic improvement for nutritional value and access to new markets and to strengthen corm tolerance to pests and diseases. It could be applied to other tropical root crop species.     

天然抗氧化剂茶多酚在肉制品上的应用

茶多酚是一种新型的天然抗氧化剂,具有抗氧化能力强、使用安全、无副作用和防腐保鲜等优点。将茶多酚应用于肉制品,可以预防和减缓其腐败变质。目前茶多酚的应用虽然仍存在一些问题,但是它具有广阔的发展前景。     

60种花卉多酚、黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性

为了筛选出抗氧化能力强的花卉品种,对60种花卉植物的50％乙醇提取物进行了多酚、黄酮含量测定,并对提取物进行清除DPPH的试验.结果表明:花卉中含有丰富的多酚和黄酮类物质,多酚含量在70 mg/g以上的花卉有芍药花、金盏菊、黄刺玫、美蔷薇、红玫瑰等,黄酮含量较高的花卉有连翘、马蹄莲、山楂、杏、榆叶梅等,含量在7.05～...     

茶多酚体内吸收、分布、代谢和排泄研究进展

茶多酚是茶叶中重要的活性物质,具有多种保健功效,例如预防代谢综合症、癌症以及神经退行性疾病等。茶多酚体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)与茶多酚的健康功效紧密相关。本文综述了近年来荼多酚体内ADME的研究结果,表明EGCG在人体内的相对生物利用度并不低于小鼠,灌胃给药后肠道中的EGCE含量最高,而在脑组织中的分布极少;同时可以发现肝脏是体内EGCG的主要处置器官,之后通过胆汁排泄。对于2种儿荼素而言,非酯型儿茶素(EC和EGC)口服后在体内相对生物利用度高于酯型儿茶素(EGCG和ECG)。系统地比较了荼多酚在人体及其他动物模型中的代谢规律,为进一步研究和开发茶多酚提供参考。